The sweetener is sucralose; the compound at the center of the headline is sucralose-6-acetate (S6A). A 2023 laboratory study reported DNA-damage signals from S6A in screening assays and changes in a human intestinal-cell model. It did not show that people who consume sucralose sustain DNA damage or develop disease. Regulators’ assessments offer a separate picture: the U.S. FDA lists sucralose as approved under specified conditions, while EFSA’s 2026 review retained its acceptable daily intake for assessed uses and identified a specific uncertainty around prolonged high-temperature processing.
What the 2023 study found
The paper by Schiffman, Scholl, Furey and Nagle, published online May 29, 2023, in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, examined sucralose and sucralose-6-acetate. The authors describe S6A as an intermediate and impurity in sucralose manufacture. They reported S6A at up to 0.67% in the commercial sucralose samples they examined; that result does not establish the level in every product or batch. Read the study record.
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Genotoxicity assays
The researchers used a MultiFlow genotoxicity screening assay and a micronucleus test. They reported results indicating that S6A was genotoxic, with a clastogenic mechanism—a pattern consistent with chromosome or DNA-strand breakage in the experimental system. These are laboratory signals about a substance’s potential hazard, not evidence that consumers experience the same effect at dietary exposures.
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In a human intestinal epithelial model, S6A exposure increased expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer. Both S6A and sucralose impaired barrier integrity in that model. Cells grown and exposed in a laboratory are not people eating or drinking the sweetener, so these results do not establish clinical harm.
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Animal and exposure observations
The paper also reported S6A in rodent fecal samples at levels up to 10% relative to sucralose. The authors interpreted this as suggesting acetylation in the intestines; it does not establish that humans produce S6A after consuming sucralose. They further estimated that S6A in a single daily sucralose-sweetened drink might exceed the paper’s cited genotoxicity threshold of toxicological concern, 0.15 micrograms per person per day. That is the authors’ estimate and characterization, not a measured amount in a typical drink or an independently established human-risk estimate.
Does sucralose damage DNA in people?
The cited study does not answer that question affirmatively. Its DNA-damage findings came from laboratory assays involving S6A, and its intestinal findings came from a cell model. It did not test whether people consuming sucralose develop DNA damage, cancer or another disease. A hazard signal can justify further investigation without proving that ordinary exposure causes harm; exposure level, route and real-world outcomes matter too.
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What regulators say about sucralose
United States
The FDA lists sucralose as an approved food additive for use under specified conditions. It notes uses in products such as baked goods, beverages, chewing gum, gelatins and frozen dairy desserts, and says consumers can identify sweeteners by name on ingredient lists. Its general statement is that authorized high-intensity sweeteners are safe for the general population under certain conditions of use. See the FDA’s high-intensity sweetener information.
European Union
In a plain-language summary published February 16, 2026, EFSA said: “There is no need to change the previously established acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 15 mg/kg body weight per day of sucralose (E 955).” EFSA reported that estimated EU dietary exposure was below the ADI in all population groups it assessed, indicating no safety concern for the reviewed uses and exposure data. This is an assessment of those uses and data, not proof that every conceivable exposure scenario has been tested. Read EFSA’s re-evaluation summary.
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Is sucralose safe to bake with?
EFSA did not confirm the safety of a proposed extension of sucralose use in fine bakery wares. It cited uncertainty about possible transfer of chlorine to organic molecules under prolonged high-temperature conditions. EFSA said the uncertainty also applies to homemade foods when sucralose is heated, such as by baking or frying. This is a specific unresolved issue concerning the proposed bakery use and prolonged high temperatures—not a blanket warning that all sucralose use is unsafe.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What is known about S6A in products?
The 2023 paper’s commercial-sample finding does not establish that all sucralose products contain S6A, and an ingredient list identifies sucralose rather than verifying a product’s S6A content. The Splenda manufacturer disputes the study’s implications, saying its brand products do not contain S6A, its testing does not detect it, and there is no scientific evidence that humans produce S6A after consuming sucralose. Those are the company’s claims; they do not independently establish the composition of every brand or lot. Likewise, the study’s sample results cannot be generalized to every product.
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