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A 2022 experiment on Google’s Sycamore quantum processor reproduced selected quantum dynamics whose gravity-based interpretation resembles a traversable wormhole. The team did not create a physical wormhole or observe a black hole. Its surprise was that a computer-optimized, simplified model retained several of the characteristics researchers wanted to study.
Did physicists create a wormhole in a quantum computer?
No. The Caltech-led team studied a deliberately simplified quantum system and observed quantum information pass through it in a way that, under a theoretical correspondence, can also be described as traversable-wormhole dynamics. The result was a simulation of selected behavior on quantum hardware—not a tunnel through spacetime, a laboratory black hole, or proof that macroscopic wormholes exist.
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The experiment was published in Nature as “Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor” on 30 November 2022. The experimental paper reports the quantum-processor work; Caltech’s institutional account explains the motivation and the researchers’ interpretation.
What the experiment did
The researchers used Google’s Sycamore processor to model a simplified version of the Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) system, a theoretical many-particle quantum model studied in connection with gravity. The full SYK model was too complex for the quantum hardware available for the experiment. To make a tractable version, the team used machine-learning methods on conventional computers to find a reduced model that preserved selected characteristics relevant to the gravitational analogy.
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They prepared two entangled quantum systems, inserted a qubit into one, and then measured whether information about it emerged from the other. In the quantum-information description, this is a teleportation process. In the complementary gravity description, the researchers interpreted the dynamics as a traversable-wormhole analogue. The team reported the expected signatures when it applied the equivalent of a negative-energy pulse; applying the opposite, positive-energy pulse did not produce those signatures.
This was a test of a carefully chosen theoretical setup on a quantum processor. It did not show that information traveled through an actual spacetime tunnel, nor that the experiment solved the broader problem of how quantum mechanics and gravity fit together.
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How a black-hole idea connects to teleportation
The connection comes from theoretical work on the relationship between quantum entanglement and spacetime geometry. A proposal often summarized as ER=EPR links entangled systems with wormhole-like geometry in certain theoretical descriptions. Later work developed a setup in which two entangled SYK systems could have dynamics equivalent to a traversable-wormhole description. The Caltech account traces this line of ideas from a 2013 entanglement-and-wormhole proposal, through a 2017 traversable-wormhole construction, to the experiment.
The correspondence does not mean that every entangled pair is a usable tunnel or that a computer can manufacture one. It means that, for a specific model and under specific theoretical assumptions, the same process can be described in two ways:
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| View | What it describes |
|---|---|
| Quantum information | Entangled systems, an input qubit, and information transferred through a teleportation protocol. |
| Gravity | The same modeled dynamics interpreted as a traversable-wormhole analogue. |
In the experiment, the quantum processor directly enacted the modeled quantum dynamics. The wormhole language is the gravity-side interpretation of those dynamics, not a claim that researchers saw a physical object in spacetime. Nature’s 1 December 2022 report framed the result around the question of whether physicists had created a wormhole; its answer, like the experiment’s scope, depends on distinguishing the theoretical description from a physical wormhole.
What “quantum teleportation” means here
Quantum teleportation transfers a quantum state or information using entanglement and a protocol. It does not move matter, people, or a message faster than light. In this experiment, “teleportation” refers to the information-transfer description of the process, not science-fiction transportation.
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What was the surprise?
The result depended on a long process of simplifying and optimizing the model. The team reported that a reduction made to optimize one characteristic preserved other metrics they were trying to retain. Caltech quoted co-author Samantha Davis, then a graduate student: “It took a really long time to arrive at the results, and we surprised ourselves with the outcome.”
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Why the result matters—and what it does not establish
The experiment showed that a quantum processor could probe a reduced model of dynamics associated with a theoretical connection between quantum information and gravity. That is useful because many-particle quantum behavior can be difficult to interpret; a gravity-based picture may offer a more intuitive way to understand certain processes. As Caltech quoted John Preskill, director of its Institute for Quantum Information and Matter: “The near-term significance of this type of experiment is that the gravitational perspective provides a simple way to understand an otherwise mysterious many-particle quantum phenomenon.”
The work is a step in a laboratory research program, not a direct experimental test of quantum gravity in its full complexity. Caltech describes it as an avenue for further quantum-computing research, not a substitute for direct probes of gravity or proof that spacetime wormholes exist. The findings also apply to the deliberately reduced system studied, rather than establishing the same behavior for arbitrary quantum systems.
How this differs from later wormhole research
A 2023 paper, “Quantum Gravity in the Lab. I. Teleportation by Size and Traversable Wormholes,” discusses related tabletop protocols and the idea of “teleportation by size.” It is separate from the 2022 Sycamore experiment and should not be treated as a report of that experiment or a replication. The paper also notes that signaling in more general systems need not have a gravitational wormhole interpretation. The PRX Quantum paper was published 27 February 2023 and corrected 18 May 2023.
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