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Freedom251 › Blog › Hybrid Work

Open-plan office noise: Match fixes to the source of distraction

By Freedom251 Team · · 5 min read

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To reduce open-plan office noise, first match the space to the work: separate focused tasks from calls and collaboration, then use distance, barriers, sound absorption, or planned sound masking where they address the actual problem. Speech is often more distracting when people can understand it, so lowering a meter reading alone may not restore concentration or privacy. Hybrid schedules make it important to plan around real attendance and activities, but they do not by themselves prove that an office has become noisier.

Why open-plan speech distracts more than its volume suggests

A nearby conversation can compete with reading, writing, or other language-heavy work because the words remain intelligible. Sound level matters, but it does not describe whether speech carries understandable information or how far it can be understood. ISO’s explainer on open offices discusses why conversation can be more distracting than other sounds at a similar level: Too many distractions? Making open-plan offices work.

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In a 2017 analysis covering 21 workplaces and 883 respondents, distracting background speech largely explained perceived noise disturbance. The authors’ findings support combining sound absorption, blocking, and masking rather than relying on a single measure. The study record on PubMed summarizes the analysis.

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How to diagnose the office before changing it

Map activities and attendance

Note where people take calls, collaborate, handle public-facing work, and need sustained concentration. Compare that map with actual attendance patterns across the week: hybrid attendance may cluster people or activities on particular days, so an average headcount can conceal the conditions workers experience. It is a planning input, not proof that hybrid work has increased or decreased noise.

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ISO 22955:2021 addresses acoustic quality across different open-office activity types, including call-centered work, collaboration, limited collaboration, receiving the public, and mixed activities. Its scope includes both new layouts and refits; ISO says the standard was reviewed and confirmed in 2026 and remains current. See ISO 22955:2021.

Distinguish intelligibility from simple audibility

ISO 3382-3:2022 describes measures for open-plan office acoustics including speech level at four metres, spatial decay of speech, background-noise level, speech transmission index, comfort distance, and distraction distance. Distraction distance is about how speech intelligibility changes with distance; it is not simply how far away a worker can notice any sound. The standard’s method measures an unoccupied office to assess permanent building properties and stable room conditions. See the ISO 3382-3:2022 preview.

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Bring in acoustic expertise when the problem is room-wide

If speech carries across work areas or a planned refit needs acoustic targets, a workplace acoustics assessment can help distinguish layout, direct sound paths, reverberation, and privacy issues. ISO 22955 is intended to support dialogue among stakeholders in planning, design, construction, or layout, and identifies acousticians and consultants among those able to specify solutions. Avoid choosing a treatment solely because it is marketed as acoustic.

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Which changes address which noise problems?

Approach What it addresses Where it may fit Limits to consider
Separate activities and add distance Reduces exposure by moving noisy activity away from focused work Room layout, team zones, or designated quiet areas Space constraints and changing attendance may limit separation
Screens or barriers Interrupts a direct sound path between a source and a listener A workstation or group of workstations Position, height, width, density, and room geometry matter; it does not guarantee speech privacy
Absorptive wall or ceiling treatment Reduces reflected and reverberant sound Room-wide treatment, often planned as part of a fit-out Does not block the direct path from a talker; material choice can involve hygiene, moisture, impact, or lighting constraints
Sound masking Adds planned background sound that can make speech less intelligible A designed office-wide acoustic system Not a universal fix; outcome depends on the system, room, and use
Quiet refuge or focus area Provides a place for concentration when noise cannot be controlled at the source Occasional focused work or escape from a noisy zone Needs workable access and enough capacity for actual demand

The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) recommends considering layout, absorption, screens or barriers, distance, and refuges. It notes that screens and barriers work best when placed close to the noise source or the people being protected; greater height and width are likely to help. Its guidance also distinguishes reflected sound from the direct path. Read the HSE workplace design guidance.

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Use barriers for a direct path, not as a room cure-all

A divider can be relevant when a nearby talker has a clear line of sound to a workstation. Placement between the source and the person being protected matters, as do the barrier’s size and material. Desk divider panels are therefore a workstation-level option to assess, not evidence that any panel will deliver a particular reduction or solve a reverberant room.

Use absorption for reflected sound

Absorptive ceilings and wall finishes can help control sound reflected around the room. They do not block direct speech from a nearby colleague. HSE advises specialist input and notes practical constraints such as impact resistance, hygiene, moisture, and lighting when selecting materials.

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Consider masking only as part of a planned acoustic design

A 2024 longitudinal field study at two organizations examined level-adaptive sound masking over two to three months. It included 42 participants on intervention floors and 41 on control floors, and reported reduced distraction from intelligible speech under the studied conditions, alongside changes in reported coping and mental-health measures. These findings are specific to that field study; they do not establish a universal effect or guarantee an outcome for every office. The paper also characterizes activity-based design, sound insulation, and concentration areas as effective remedies. See the study in Applied Acoustics.

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In that study, measured background noise rose from 28.7 to 41.9 dB(A) at one organization and from 32.4 to 42.6 dB(A) at the other alongside masking. Those are study-specific measurements, not recommended target levels for other workplaces.

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Set team practices that support the layout

Technical changes work best when people know how to use the space. Agree where calls should happen, when focused work is expected, and how quiet rooms are booked or shared. Revisit those agreements if attendance patterns or team activities change.

ISO/TS 9241-620:2023 includes organizational measures where technical measures are insufficient, as well as personal-level measures. Headphones can be an optional individual coping tool, but they should not substitute for a workable acoustic environment or prevent workers from hearing information they need. See ISO/TS 9241-620:2023.

A practical order for making improvements

  1. Record the disturbance. Note when it happens, what activity creates it, where it is heard, and whether the issue is understandable speech, reverberation, calls, or a mix.
  2. Match activities to zones. Separate call-heavy or collaborative work from concentration tasks where the layout allows; account for actual attendance by day.
  3. Try layout and distance first. Move noisy sources away from focused work and create a quiet refuge if some workers only need occasional relief.
  4. Choose treatment by sound path. Consider a barrier for direct sound; consider absorption for reflected sound. Do not treat the two as interchangeable.
  5. Assess room-wide measures professionally. For a refit or persistent speech-distraction problem, use an acoustic assessment to determine whether broader treatment or masking is appropriate.
  6. Review after changes. Check whether intelligibility, privacy, and suitability for the work improved across different attendance patterns, rather than judging only by a single noise-level reading.

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