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Freedom251 › Blog › CDC

Mpox Has Not Disappeared: What U.S. Cases and Clade I Transmission Mean

By Freedom251 Team · · 4 min read

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Mpox is still circulating in the United States. CDC surveillance counted 2,803 reported cases in 2024 and 2,519 in 2025, while clade I has also appeared in U.S. cases, including cases with no known recent travel. CDC says the risk of clade I mpox remains low for most people, but its surveillance authors say persistent clade IIb spread suggests a likely transition toward endemic circulation—not that cases will keep rising or that spread is inevitable for every person.

Mpox is still circulating, but the pattern is not a nationwide emergency

Mpox did not end with the 2022 outbreak peak. CDC says clade II continues to circulate at low levels in the United States. Fall 2025 brought the highest monthly case counts since that peak. Across the full years, national case reporting recorded 2,803 cases in 2024 and 2,519 in 2025, or 5,322 combined. These are provisional surveillance counts, not a complete tally of every infection; mild cases for which people do not seek care can be missed, and reporting completeness varies by jurisdiction. CDC’s 2024–2025 surveillance report provides the counts and limitations.

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Clade I is now part of the U.S. picture as well. In an update dated October 5, 2026, CDC reported more than 80 laboratory-confirmed clade I cases in at least 22 states since November 2024. Since August 2026, a growing proportion of reported cases have been in people without recent international travel or known links to recent travelers; presumed domestic transmission has been reported in more than 10 jurisdictions. CDC expects additional travel-related and domestically acquired cases, but this does not establish sustained transmission across the country. Its assessment is that clade I risk remains low for most people in the United States. See CDC’s current U.S. and global situation update.

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What CDC means by a possible transition toward endemic circulation

In its August 20, 2026 report, CDC’s MMWR authors wrote: “Persistent transmission of clade IIb MPXV in the United States, with wide geographic spread during the last 3 years, suggests a transition toward endemic circulation.” In this context, endemic means the virus is becoming an established, ongoing presence rather than disappearing after a single outbreak. The wording is an interpretation of persistent and geographically widespread clade IIb transmission. It is not a prediction that case numbers will remain constant, rise indefinitely, or affect every community equally.

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The clades describe different lineages of the virus, not a personal forecast. CDC says both clades can be spread, treated, and prevented in the same ways. Geography and observed transmission patterns help explain why public-health agencies track clades; the clade name alone does not determine what will happen to an individual patient.

How mpox spreads

Recent outbreaks have often begun through intimate or sexual contact, but mpox is not exclusively sexually transmitted. Close contact with an infectious person can also spread it within a household. Transmission may occur through direct contact with a rash or lesions, contaminated objects such as bedding or towels, and direct contact with infected animals in places where the virus circulates among animals. CDC’s situation summary and prevention guidance describe these routes.

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Condoms may reduce exposure at covered sites, but they cannot prevent every exposure because a rash can occur elsewhere on the body. Avoiding direct contact with a rash, avoiding contaminated materials, and washing hands are practical precautions; no single behavior accounts for all transmission.

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What people can do to reduce risk

Vaccination

CDC recommends two doses of the JYNNEOS vaccine for people at increased risk. In CDC’s January 22, 2026 guidance, the agency states: “The two-dose JYNNEOS vaccine is recommended for prevention of monkeypox for people who are at increased risk of monkeypox.” The MMWR report cites estimates from prior effectiveness studies of 35%–86% after one dose and 66%–90% after two doses in the general population; those ranges were not newly measured by the 2024–2025 surveillance analysis. They are estimates, not a guarantee of protection for any one person.

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After a known exposure

If you have been exposed to someone diagnosed with mpox, contact a health-care provider or public-health department promptly about vaccination. CDC advises seeking it as soon as possible, ideally within four days of exposure; exposed people may still seek vaccination within 14 days.

At home while caring for someone with mpox

Avoid direct contact with the person’s rash and with potentially contaminated items. CDC advises not handling contaminated bedding, towels, or clothing without appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and a mask. Follow public-health guidance for cleaning and handling laundry, and wash hands after contact with the person or their belongings. Gloves are a precaution for handling contaminated materials, not a requirement for ordinary contact, and they do not eliminate risk.

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What the available U.S. data can—and cannot—tell you

CDC’s 2024–2025 report found an association between vaccination status and hospitalization in a limited subset: among 860 cases with complete information, unvaccinated patients had 9.73 times the odds of hospitalization as fully vaccinated patients (95% confidence interval 2.93–60.65) in an adjusted analysis. This is an observational association, not a randomized estimate or a guarantee about an individual’s outcome. Mild infections may be missed, reporting varies across jurisdictions, and many records lacked some variables, so the result should be read with those limitations in mind.

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For an individual, a specific close exposure matters more than a national trend line. If you develop a new or unexplained rash or believe you had a close exposure, seek medical advice and mention the exposure; a clinician or public-health department can advise on testing, care, and vaccination based on your circumstances.

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