The Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission approved AES Indiana’s large-load plan on October 7, 2026, to serve Google’s proposed 390-megawatt data-center campus in Monrovia, Morgan County. The buildout combines new solar generation, 460 MW of battery capacity, a 10-mile 345-kilovolt transmission line and a planned 1,200-MW substation. AES Indiana says Google will cover 100% of the incremental energy and infrastructure costs assigned to the facility under Indiana’s 2025 House Enrolled Act 1007.
What the commission approved
The order authorizes a coordinated generation, storage and grid-connection package rather than a single power plant. It is designed around a 390-MW data-center load and includes resources that can supply energy, shift output to higher-value hours and connect the campus to the transmission system.
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Solar and battery facilities
| Asset | Approved configuration | Planned in-service date |
|---|---|---|
| Crosstrack | 130 MW of solar paired with 130 MW/520 MWh of battery storage | Late 2028 |
| Foundry Works | 200 MW/800 MWh standalone battery storage | Mid-2028 |
| Hardy Hills storage | 130 MW/520 MWh battery at the existing Hardy Hills renewable facility | March 2029 |
The two standalone systems total 330 MW of battery power. Crosstrack adds another 130 MW battery alongside its 130 MW solar array, bringing the planned battery portfolio to 460 MW. The megawatt figures describe maximum charging or discharging power; the megawatt-hour figures describe how much energy each battery can store.
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Transmission connection
AES Indiana will build approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers) of 345-kV transmission line and a planned 1,200-MW substation. The substation rating is the planned connection capability, not the data center’s contracted demand. The line and substation are intended to move power between the campus and the wider grid while the new generation and storage resources are developed.
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Why the project is described as both $1.3 billion and $737.3 million
The two headline figures cover different scopes. AES Indiana describes approximately $1.3 billion in new Indiana energy-infrastructure investment. WFYI Public Media reports that the IURC order identifies $737.3 million as the project cost. The latter is the commission-order figure; the former is AES’s broader investment description. They should not be treated as competing estimates of exactly the same cost base.
Documents summarized by DCD and WFYI identify two especially important allocations. Google is to pay $32.3 million for direct-connection facilities. Another $73.8 million of network upgrades is included in AES Indiana’s transmission rate base. Rate-base treatment means those upgrades are handled within the utility’s regulated transmission accounting rather than billed solely as a direct connection charge.
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Who pays under Indiana’s large-load law
House Enrolled Act 1007, enacted in 2025, requires a large-load customer to cover at least 80% of costs reasonably assigned to generation and transmission infrastructure. It also requires protections for customers who already use the system and for customers who may connect later. The Monrovia filing was identified by the IURC as the first data-center project considered under the law.
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Google’s minimum-demand commitment
The approved framework includes an 80% minimum-demand obligation, upfront financial assurances, minimum-usage commitments and exit provisions. AES Indiana says Google will pay 100% of the annual costs to serve the facility at that 80% minimum-demand level. In practical terms, the utility is not relying on the campus to pay only for electricity it happens to consume in a given hour; the agreement establishes a floor for the load-related costs Google must support.
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What the law does and does not guarantee
The 80% threshold is a statutory minimum for costs reasonably assigned to the large load, not a promise that every dollar of every project will be charged directly to Google. The commission’s order and the approved contract determine how particular facilities are classified, secured and recovered. That distinction is central to the dispute over the network upgrades placed in AES Indiana’s transmission rate base.
Projected benefits for other customers
AES Indiana projects approximately $770 million in customer savings over the life of the project. That is a company model and a forecast, not money already realized or independently verified savings. The projection depends on the agreed demand obligations, the cost of serving the campus and the performance of the generation and storage portfolio over time.
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IURC Commissioner Joby Jerrells said the agreement not only satisfies the statutory requirement but “exceeds it substantially.” AES Indiana President Brandi Davis-Handy said the approval demonstrates that load growth and customer stewardship can proceed together.
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Consumer advocates accepted that the data center drives the need for some upgrades but challenged assigning $73.8 million of network work to the utility’s transmission rate base. Citizens Action Coalition program director Ben Inskeep said the concern is that AES identified those upgrades as necessary specifically because the Google campus is being added to the grid.
The disagreement is therefore about cost causation and risk, not whether the campus needs a connection. If upgrades are treated as broader transmission investments, existing and future customers can have a role in recovering them through regulated rates. If they are treated as facilities caused primarily by the data center, advocates argue that more of the cost should remain with the large-load customer. The IURC’s approval settles this filing but does not eliminate that policy question for future projects.
Construction schedule and milestones
- Mid-2028: Foundry Works is scheduled to enter service with 200 MW/800 MWh of storage.
- Late 2028: Crosstrack is scheduled to enter service with 130 MW of solar and 130 MW/520 MWh of storage.
- March 2029: The 130 MW/520 MWh Hardy Hills battery is scheduled to enter service at the existing renewable facility.
The transmission line and 1,200-MW substation must also be designed, permitted and constructed to support the campus connection. The approval authorizes the plan; it is not evidence that every facility is already built or operating.
What to watch after approval
- Cost tracking: Whether actual spending remains consistent with the $737.3 million order-level figure and AES’s broader $1.3 billion investment description.
- Demand performance: Whether the campus meets its 80% minimum-demand commitment and how the financial assurances work if its schedule or load changes.
- Rate treatment: How the $73.8 million of network upgrades are reflected in transmission accounting and future proceedings.
- Project delivery: Whether Crosstrack, Foundry Works and Hardy Hills storage meet their planned 2028-29 in-service dates.
- Customer outcomes: Whether the projected $770 million in lifetime savings materializes rather than remaining a forecast.
Why this approval matters
Indiana has approved a framework for serving one of the state’s largest proposed electricity loads while requiring a substantial financial commitment from the customer that triggers the investment. The case also establishes an early test of HEA 1007: how regulators balance direct payment by a data center, protections for other customers, renewable and storage development, and the treatment of grid upgrades that may serve both a new campus and the broader system.
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