Use hsl() to define an sRGB color with hue, saturation and lightness: color: hsl(120 75% 25%);. Add transparency after a slash, as in color: hsl(120 75% 25% / 60%);. The space-separated form is the clearest choice for new CSS.
How do I use HSL colors in CSS?
Put the function wherever CSS accepts a color, such as color, background-color or border-color:
.notice {
color: hsl(120 75% 25%);
background-color: hsl(120 60% 90%);
border-color: hsl(120 55% 40%);
}The current space-separated syntax places hue, saturation and lightness in that order. An optional alpha value comes after a slash. The W3C CSS Color Module Level 4 defines hsl() as specifying sRGB colors through the HSL cylindrical coordinate model: W3C CSS Color Module Level 4.
Modern syntax
color: hsl(120 75% 25%);
color: hsl(120deg 75% 25% / 60%);
color: hsl(0.3turn 60% 45% / 0.7);Hue may be a unitless number (interpreted as degrees) or an angle such as 120deg or 0.3turn. Saturation and lightness are percentages. Alpha may be a number from 0 to 1 or a percentage.
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Legacy comma syntax
color: hsl(120, 75%, 25%);
color: hsla(120deg, 75%, 25%, 0.8);Comma-separated syntax remains supported, but it has different constraints: saturation and lightness must be percentages, hue may omit deg, and none is not permitted. The modern syntax uses spaces between the first three channels and a slash before optional alpha.
What do the numbers in hsl() mean?
- Hue (H): Position around the color wheel, expressed as an angle. For example,
120means120deg. - Saturation (S): Strength of the hue.
0%is grayscale;100%is fully saturated. - Lightness (L): Position from black to white.
0%is black,50%is the midpoint, and100%is white. - Alpha (A): Optional opacity.
0is fully transparent and1fully opaque. A percentage is also accepted.
HSL makes it convenient to adjust one channel at a time, but it is not a perceptually uniform color space. A particular lightness value does not guarantee accessible contrast; check the rendered foreground and background together.
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How do I make an HSL color transparent?
Use a slash followed by the alpha value in modern syntax:
.overlay {
background-color: hsl(220 80% 30% / 60%);
}
.subtle {
color: hsl(220 80% 30% / 0.35);
}With no alpha channel, an absolute HSL color is fully opaque. The slash distinguishes alpha from the three color channels; do not add a fourth space-separated value without it.
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How do I choose related HSL colors?
To find a complementary hue, add or subtract 180 degrees. For example, the complement of 10deg is 190deg:
.accent-a { color: hsl(10 75% 45%); }
.accent-b { color: hsl(190 75% 45%); }This is a color-wheel relationship, not a guarantee that the pair has sufficient contrast or will look balanced in a design.
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What is relative HSL syntax?
Relative color syntax derives a color from an existing origin color, then lets you use or adjust its channels. For example:
.lighter-red {
color: hsl(from red h s calc(l + 20));
}The expression keeps the source hue and saturation while increasing its lightness. Relative syntax is distinct from absolute hsl(H S L): it starts with from and an origin color, and channel values can be referenced or calculated. Check browser compatibility for relative color syntax before relying on it in a project; support may differ from the long-established absolute form.
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Which HSL syntax should I use?
| Form | Structure | When to use it | Constraints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modern absolute | hsl(H S L / A) |
New color declarations; channels are specified directly. | Hue accepts an angle or unitless degree number; saturation and lightness are percentages. |
| Legacy comma-separated | hsl(H, S%, L%) or hsla(H, S%, L%, A) |
Existing stylesheets using older notation. | Saturation and lightness require percentages; none is not allowed. hsla() is an alias for hsl(). |
| Relative | hsl(from color H S L / A) |
Derive a color from an origin color and reuse or adjust its channels. | Check browser compatibility for the syntax you intend to use. |
Is hsl() supported in browsers?
MDN records hsl() as available across browsers since July 2015; that is a browser-history note, not an adoption or usage statistic. Relative color syntax is newer, so verify its compatibility for your target browsers. See MDN Web Docs: hsl().
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