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Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Your first browser test needs to do six things: start a browser, open a page, locate an element, interact with it, assert the expected result, and close the browser. This beginner example uses Python and Selenium to submit Selenium’s sample form, then checks the confirmation message. The same basic loop applies in other frameworks, though their setup and APIs differ.
What a test automation script does
A browser test automates a user-visible check. It opens a page, performs an action such as submitting a form, and verifies an observable outcome. The assertion is what makes the script a test: clicking a button without checking the result does not show that the intended behavior succeeded.
For this first test, the behavior is: submit a name in the sample form and confirm that the page displays a response containing that name.
Choose a framework and prepare the browser
Use the language you already know or the one your project uses. Selenium and Playwright both publish beginner-oriented documentation, but they have different setup steps and APIs. Selenium’s setup involves a language binding, a browser, and browser-specific WebDriver support; follow its current guide for your language and system. Playwright provides its own test-writing and browser setup guidance.
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- Selenium documentation: consult the getting-started instructions for your language and browser.
- Playwright test-writing guide: use this if Playwright fits your project or preferred language.
This walkthrough assumes Python, Selenium, and Chrome are set up according to Selenium’s current official instructions. Installation details can vary with the operating system, browser version, and framework release, so use those instructions rather than relying on a copied, potentially stale driver command.
Write and run the first Selenium test
Save this as first_test.py. It uses Selenium’s public sample form, finds controls by their IDs, submits a name, checks the displayed result, and quits the browser even if an earlier step fails.
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from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
name_field = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button")
name_field.send_keys("Ada")
submit_button.click()
message = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "message"))
)
assert "Received!" in message.text, f"Unexpected confirmation: {message.text!r}"
finally:
driver.quit()- Start and navigate.
webdriver.Chrome()starts a Chrome session, andget()opens the sample form. - Locate controls. Selenium uses the input’s name and a CSS selector for the submit button. Prefer meaningful IDs, names, or dedicated test attributes over selectors tied to layout or styling.
- Interact.
send_keys()enters the test value andclick()submits the form. - Wait for and assert the result. The explicit wait checks for the response element for up to 10 seconds. The assertion fails with the unexpected text if the confirmation does not contain “Received!”.
- Clean up. The
finallyblock callsquit()whether the test passes or raises an error.
Run it from a terminal with python first_test.py (or the Python command used on your system). A successful run exits without an assertion error. If the expected message never appears, Selenium raises a timeout; if the page appears but its text differs, the assertion reports the text it found.
Make the example reliable as your page changes
Use stable locators
Choose a locator that expresses which control you mean, such as an ID, a name, or a test-specific attribute. Avoid selecting an element only because it is the third button or happens to occupy a particular position; layout changes can break those selectors without changing the behavior under test.
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Wait for the result, not an arbitrary pause
Pages often update asynchronously after a click. The example waits for the result element to become visible instead of sleeping for a fixed interval. On your own site, wait for the condition that signals success: a confirmation message, a changed URL, or another meaningful state. Choose a timeout that fits the test environment rather than adding a long delay to every run.
Keep the first test small
One scenario and one clear assertion make failures easier to understand. Once this loop works, you can explore broader test organization, additional browsers, parallel execution, or continuous integration using your framework’s documentation and your project’s needs.
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Troubleshooting the first run
- Chrome or its driver cannot start: confirm that Chrome is installed and follow the current Selenium setup instructions for Python and your browser. Setup and driver support depend on the installed versions and operating system.
- The browser opens but the element cannot be found: check that the page loaded the expected form and that the locator matches the page. A changed page, typo, or locator that depends on layout can cause this error.
- The wait times out: inspect whether the submit action happened and whether the expected response element appeared. The page may not have completed the action, or the locator/condition may not match its actual result.
- The assertion fails: read the reported confirmation text. The page may have returned a different outcome than expected; adjust the assertion only if that new outcome is the behavior the test should accept.
- The process is left running after a failure: retain the
try/finallystructure sodriver.quit()runs when navigation, lookup, waiting, or assertion fails.
Or skip the browser setup
If your goal is to capture a page image or PDF rather than test an interactive behavior, ScreenshotNeo offers a one-request screenshot API. This does not replace an assertion-based browser test; it is an alternative for producing captures without managing a browser session yourself.
For example, save a screenshot as WebP with cURL:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options. Cookie banners, popups, and chat widgets are removed before the shot; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are not billed. An MCP server lets AI agents take screenshots. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month with no card, and paid plans start at $5 for 3,000.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does this Selenium script test my own website?
Not as written: it opens Selenium’s sample form. To test your site, change the URL, locators, action, and assertion to match a real behavior and expected result on your page.
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Can a screenshot prove that a browser test passed?
A screenshot can show what a page looked like, but it does not by itself verify the expected behavior. A test should assert a result that expresses the behavior it is meant to check.
Quick Recap
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