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Use xUnit’s [Theory] and [InlineData] to run one Selenium test method against several inputs. Each data row is reported as its own test case. Create and dispose a WebDriver for each case when you want browser state isolated, then run the project with the test runner configured for its xUnit version.
Choose xUnit and runner versions before writing the test
xUnit’s [Fact] is for a test that checks an invariant; [Theory] is for a test whose result depends on supplied data. The xUnit guide puts it this way: “Facts are tests which are always true. They test invariant conditions. Theories are tests which are only true for a particular set of data.” (xUnit v2 getting started)
Do not treat xUnit v2 and v3 setup commands as interchangeable. The v2 getting-started guide, dated 2025-07-04, illustrates xUnit.net 2.9.3 with .NET SDK 9.0.301 and .NET 8, and says v2 is in maintenance mode. The v3 guide, dated 2026-05-02, illustrates xUnit.net v3 4.0.0-pre.108 with .NET SDK 10.0.102 and .NET 8; it warns that versions and generated templates can differ. Check the template and release state for the version you choose rather than copying these sample versions as universal current commands. (v2 guide) (v3 guide)
Runner configuration matters too. xUnit v3 documents both Microsoft Testing Platform (MTP) support and a VSTest option; the project’s configuration determines the appropriate command and behavior. V2 projects commonly use Visual Studio runner packages. (xUnit v3 MTP guide)
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Create a Selenium test project
Start with a C# test project created for the xUnit version and runner you intend to use. Add the matching xUnit framework and runner packages, plus Selenium.WebDriver. Use the Selenium .NET documentation for driver and browser setup; Selenium’s first-script guide asks for .NET SDK 8.0 or later for its documented test-suite example, not as a universal minimum for every Selenium project. (Selenium documentation) (Selenium first script)
Install or otherwise provide a compatible browser and WebDriver according to Selenium’s setup guidance. A test needs a live driver instance to control a browser. The example below uses ChromeDriver and a deliberately fictional test host; replace the host and selectors with a stable page you control before running it.
Pass multiple inputs with [Theory] and [InlineData]
Each [InlineData] attribute supplies one argument row to the theory method. Keep the number, order, and types of values in every row aligned with the method parameters. The compact example below demonstrates multiple URL cases and checks an observable result: the browser’s final host.
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using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using Xunit;
public class PageNavigationTests
{
[Theory]
[InlineData("https://example.test/")]
[InlineData("https://docs.example.test/")]
public void Opens_expected_host(string url)
{
using var driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
var expectedHost = new Uri(url).Host;
Assert.Equal(expectedHost, driver.Url is string currentUrl
? new Uri(currentUrl).Host
: string.Empty);
}
}The sample uses Uri from System; add using System; if your project does not provide that namespace through implicit usings. Replace example.test with a reachable page whose navigation behavior is under your control. A production test usually asserts a user-visible outcome—such as a heading, result count, or confirmation message—rather than only that navigation completed.
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Use richer data when inline rows stop being readable
[InlineData] is suitable for a small set of static values. When cases become numerous, require computed setup, or need more descriptive data than literals allow, move the data to a supported xUnit data source such as member-provided data. Confirm the exact attribute and data-source API in the documentation for the xUnit version selected; keep the same principle that each yielded row maps to the theory method’s arguments.
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Run the theory with the project’s configured runner
For a VSTest-compatible project, the usual command is:
dotnet testThis command is also used in Selenium’s documented example repository, but the correct command depends on the project’s runner configuration. xUnit v3 can be configured for MTP instead, so follow the generated template and the xUnit runner guide rather than mixing MTP instructions with VSTest project settings. (xUnit v3 MTP guide) (Selenium first script)
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Troubleshoot common failures
- The project does not discover the theory: check that its xUnit framework and runner packages match the chosen xUnit major version, and that the test project uses the expected runner configuration.
- Build fails around an InlineData row: compare every row’s argument count and types with the theory method signature. Inline values must be representable as attribute arguments; use a suitable data source for values that need construction or computation.
- ChromeDriver cannot start: verify that Chrome is installed and that Selenium can obtain or locate a compatible driver for the browser environment. Follow Selenium’s current .NET setup guidance rather than assuming that installing the NuGet package installs a browser.
- A case passes alone but fails in a run with other rows: look for shared mutable browser state, such as one fixture driver reused concurrently, cookies, or leftover navigation. Give each case its own driver or serialize and reset shared state deliberately.
- The runner command is unsupported or discovers no tests: verify whether the project is configured for VSTest or MTP and use the matching template and runner instructions. A command copied from another runner configuration may not apply.
- A page assertion fails intermittently: wait for the specific visible condition the test needs instead of assuming that navigation completion means client-side content has finished rendering. Use stable test pages and selectors you control.
Or skip the browser setup
For a screenshot rather than an interactive browser test, ScreenshotNeo provides a single GET request that returns an image or PDF. Its API can accept and remove cookie-consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture. Bot checks, blank pages, failed loads, timeouts, and cache hits are not billed; responses identify the page verdict and billing status. Its MCP server also lets AI agents use screenshot tools.
cURL example, with the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for options:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.test -o shot.webpScreenshotNeo offers 1,000 screenshots per month free with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots. This is a screenshot service, not a replacement for Selenium when your test must click, type, or assert on application behavior. Learn about ScreenshotNeo, or sign up free for 1,000 screenshots a month with no card.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does each [InlineData] row run as a separate test?
Yes. xUnit reports each theory data row as its own case.
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