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Freedom251 › Blog › API

How to Verify XRP Ledger Transactions and Supply Data On-Chain

By Freedom251 Team · · 9 min read

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To verify an XRP Ledger transaction, look it up by hash and accept it as final only when the response shows that it is included in a validated ledger. Then inspect TransactionResult and the transaction metadata; for Payments, use delivered_amount rather than assuming the declared Amount was delivered.

To check XRP supply, query a named validated ledger with the ledger method, read total_coins in drops, divide by 1,000,000, and record the ledger index or hash and query time. That is an on-chain total for one immutable snapshot, not automatically a circulating-supply estimate.

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What counts as proof on the XRP Ledger

An XRP Ledger transaction has two different stages that are easy to confuse. A submission response tells you that a server accepted or relayed a transaction request. It can be provisional, and the transaction can still fail to enter a validated ledger. A validated ledger is the authoritative record for what happened.

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The XRP Ledger documentation expresses the rule directly: “To know for sure what a transaction did, you must look up the outcome of the transaction when it appears in a validated ledger version.” A transaction is therefore not verified merely because a submission call returned successfully, a wallet displayed a success message, or a server returned a transaction object without marking it validated.

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A ledger version is a specific, identifiable snapshot. Its hash is derived from its contents, and once validated it is immutable. For a reproducible audit, preserve the transaction hash, the validated ledger index, the ledger hash when available, the validated status, the TransactionResult, and the response timestamp.

What you need before checking

  • Transaction hash: the unique identifier supplied by the wallet, application, or sender.
  • A server that exposes the XRPL API: use a trusted server that can answer the method you need.
  • A ledger identifier for supply work: use a validated ledger index or ledger hash, rather than an unspecified “current” value if you want others to reproduce the result.
  • A record of context: save the request, response, server identity, UTC time, and any ledger identifiers returned.

You do not need to operate a full-history server to verify the current state or follow new transactions. Full-history operation is an advanced choice for readers who need older ranges that ordinary servers no longer retain.

How to verify an XRP transaction step by step

1. Start with the transaction hash

Copy the hash exactly. A single character error can produce a missing-record response or cause you to inspect a different transaction. Do not substitute an account address, destination tag, ledger index, or payment amount for the hash.

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2. Query the transaction method

Send the hash to an XRPL server’s transaction method. The request conceptually has this form:

{
  "method": "tx",
  "params": [
    { "transaction": "TRANSACTION_HASH" }
  ]
}

The exact transport can be JSON-RPC or WebSocket, depending on the server. Keep the original request and unedited response; formatting a result into a screenshot loses fields that may be needed later.

3. Confirm validated inclusion

Find the response’s validated field. Treat validated: true, together with a validated ledger identifier, as the confirmation that the transaction is in an immutable ledger version. If the response is unvalidated, pending, or tied only to an initial submission, it is not a final outcome.

Record the ledger_index and ledger_hash returned by the server when present. The index identifies the ledger’s position; the hash identifies the exact contents. Keeping both removes ambiguity when different servers are serving different ranges.

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4. Read TransactionResult

Inspect the transaction metadata and locate TransactionResult. A successful inclusion normally has a success code, while a failed transaction has an error code explaining why the requested operation did not take effect. “Included in a ledger” and “the requested payment succeeded” are not interchangeable statements.

A failed transaction can still be included in a validated ledger and can still consume its transaction cost. Your record should therefore state both facts: whether the transaction is validated and what result code the ledger assigned.

5. Examine metadata for the actual ledger effects

Metadata lists the ledger objects affected by the transaction. Use those affected nodes to understand balance changes, trust-line changes, offers, account sequence updates, and other effects relevant to the transaction type. The metadata is the evidence for what changed, not merely the transaction’s requested fields.

6. For Payments, check delivered_amount

For a successful Payment, read delivered_amount in the validated metadata to determine what reached the destination. The transaction’s declared Amount can be misleading when a payment permits partial delivery. A request may specify a maximum or intended amount while the destination receives less.

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Use the units returned by the API. XRP amounts are represented in drops, while issued-currency amounts include their currency and issuer information. Do not compare an XRP drop count directly with an issued-currency value.

7. Handle the historical partial-payment exception

XRPL documentation notes a historical exception: delivered_amount may be unavailable for a partial payment in a validated ledger before 2014-01-20. For such a record, infer delivery from the affected ledger nodes as the documentation directs. Label that inference clearly instead of presenting it as a directly returned field.

How to interpret the important response fields

Field or evidence What it establishes How to use it
validated Whether the returned transaction is associated with a validated ledger. Require a validated result before calling the transaction final.
ledger_index The sequence number of the ledger containing the transaction. Save it so the lookup can be repeated against the same ledger position.
ledger_hash The identifier for that ledger’s contents. Prefer it when proving that two readers inspected the identical snapshot.
TransactionResult The protocol result assigned during ledger processing. Explain success or failure; do not reduce the result to inclusion alone.
Metadata and affected nodes The ledger objects changed by processing. Use them to explain balances and state changes.
delivered_amount The amount actually delivered by a Payment, when available. Use it instead of assuming the requested Amount arrived.
Amount The amount specified in the transaction request. Treat it as the requested value, not proof of delivery in a partial-payment case.

How to verify XRP supply on-chain

1. Choose the ledger snapshot

Supply is a snapshot question. Choose a validated ledger by index or hash and write that identifier down before querying. If you simply ask for an unspecified latest ledger, the answer can change as new ledgers close and readers will not know which state you measured.

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2. Query the ledger method

Use the XRPL ledger method with the chosen ledger identifier. A conceptual request is:

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{
  "method": "ledger",
  "params": [
    { "ledger_index": "LEDGER_INDEX_OR_HASH" }
  ]
}

Confirm that the response describes a validated ledger. Save its index and hash even if you originally selected only one of them; the returned pair is the strongest reproducibility record.

3. Read total_coins

The API’s total_coins field is the total XRP in the network for that ledger, expressed in drops. Convert it with this exact relationship:

XRP = total_coins ÷ 1,000,000

One XRP equals 1,000,000 drops. Keep the unrounded drop value in your notes and show the converted XRP value with enough decimal places for the precision your use case requires.

4. Preserve the qualification

Report the result as “the ledger’s total XRP at ledger index …” or equivalent wording. The documented value decreases as transaction fees destroy XRP, so it is not an undated constant. A number copied without its ledger identifier and measurement time will become ambiguous as the ledger advances.

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On-chain total versus circulating supply

total_coins answers a narrowly defined protocol question: how much XRP the network reports in that particular ledger snapshot. It does not, by itself, define “circulating supply.” A circulating-supply estimate may apply separate inclusion and exclusion rules, such as treatment of escrow, inaccessible holdings, or other categories. Those rules are not supplied by the ledger field.

Do not relabel the API’s network total as circulating supply unless you have a separate, clearly defined source for that measure. When comparing figures, write down the definition, ledger or publication date, unit, and exclusions for each one. Otherwise, two numbers can appear contradictory while measuring different things.

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A reproducible supply record

For every quoted supply figure, keep a small evidence record. The following fields are sufficient for another reader to repeat the lookup:

Record Value to preserve
Query method ledger
Requested snapshot Ledger index or ledger hash supplied in the request
Validated result Returned validated status
Resolved identifiers Ledger index and ledger hash returned by the server
Raw supply field total_coins in drops
Converted value total_coins ÷ 1,000,000 XRP
Measurement time UTC timestamp of the request
Server identity The server or service that supplied the response

Store the raw response alongside the converted figure. If a later reader obtains a different result, the ledger identifier and server record show whether the difference came from a different snapshot, unavailable history, or a changed interpretation.

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Transaction verification and supply lookup use different identifiers

Question Primary identifier Evidence to inspect
Did this transaction become final? Transaction hash validated, containing ledger index or hash, TransactionResult, and metadata
What did the Payment deliver? Transaction hash delivered_amount and affected ledger nodes
How much XRP did the network report? Validated ledger index or hash total_coins, converted from drops
What is the current state? A recent validated ledger Ledger response for that snapshot
What was the historical state? The historical ledger index or hash Ledger and transaction data retained for that range

A transaction hash identifies an event; a ledger identifier identifies the state in which that event was recorded. Neither substitutes for the other when you are trying to reproduce a result.

What to do when an old lookup fails

Distinguish “not found” from “never existed”

A server may not retain the requested transaction or ledger. A missing response from one server is therefore not proof that the transaction never existed. First check whether that server has continuous ledger history covering the period in question.

Try a server with the required range

If the needed range is absent, query another trusted server that retains it. Keep the second server’s identity and response in your evidence record. Compare the returned ledger hash where possible; matching hashes show that the same ledger contents were retrieved even if the servers differ.

Use full history only when the task requires it

Full-history servers retain older ledger and transaction data but require significantly more disk space. They are appropriate for archival investigations, analytics, and repeated historical queries. They are not required for a one-time current-state check or for following new transactions from the present forward.

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Troubleshooting branches

The submission succeeded, but no validated transaction appears

Do not call the transaction final. Query by hash again, check whether the server has caught up, and wait for a validated ledger result. Preserve the original submission response separately because it describes acceptance or relay, not the final ledger outcome.

The response has a transaction but no validated flag

Treat it as provisional. A transaction object without validated inclusion can change or disappear before consensus records an outcome. Repeat the lookup against a validated ledger and capture the final result.

The transaction is validated but failed

Report the failure code from TransactionResult and explain any ledger changes visible in metadata. Include the transaction cost if the response shows the balance effect; a failed operation can still consume that cost.

The Payment’s Amount is larger than delivered_amount

Use delivered_amount as the delivered quantity and identify the transaction as a partial-payment case. Do not present the declared Amount as money received.

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delivered_amount is missing on an old partial payment

Check the ledger date. For a validated partial payment before 2014-01-20, follow the documented method of inferring delivery from AffectedNodes, and label the result as an inference.

The supply number changed between two checks

Compare the ledger indexes or hashes first. Different snapshots naturally can have different totals because transaction costs destroy XRP. If the identifiers are supposed to match, compare the raw total_coins field and confirm that both responses are validated.

The ledger method cannot retrieve the requested old index

Check the server’s retained range and continuity. Move the request to a trusted server with the required history rather than substituting the latest ledger and calling it the historical result.

Practical verification checklist

  • Have the exact transaction hash or ledger identifier.
  • Query the appropriate XRPL method: transaction lookup for an event, ledger lookup for a snapshot.
  • Confirm validated inclusion before describing a transaction as final.
  • Save the validated ledger index and hash when available.
  • Read TransactionResult and metadata, not just a submission response.
  • For Payments, report delivered_amount; explain the pre-2014-01-20 exception when applicable.
  • For supply, preserve raw total_coins in drops and divide by 1,000,000.
  • State the ledger snapshot and UTC query time with every quoted supply value.
  • If history is missing, test another server with the required retention before concluding that data does not exist.

This procedure keeps three claims separate: whether a transaction entered a validated ledger, what that transaction actually changed, and how much XRP the network reported at a specified ledger snapshot. That separation is what makes an on-chain verification reproducible.

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