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A YandexBot user-agent is only a claim. To verify a request, take the source IP from your server logs, perform a reverse DNS lookup, confirm that the resulting hostname ends in yandex.ru, yandex.net, or yandex.com, and then perform a forward DNS lookup to ensure that hostname resolves to the same IP. A mismatch at any stage means the request has not passed Yandex’s documented identity check.
You can also enter the address in Yandex Webmaster’s IP-check tool. Use that as a second check, not as a replacement for validating the exact IP that reached your server.
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What actually proves that a request is from YandexBot?
Authentication starts with the network address recorded for the request, not with the text of the User-Agent header. A crawler can send a header that says YandexBot even when it is operated by somebody else.
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Yandex’s documented test has two DNS parts:
- Reverse-resolve the request IP to obtain its hostname.
- Forward-resolve that hostname and verify that the original IP appears in the result.
The reverse result must end in one of Yandex’s stated suffixes: yandex.ru, yandex.net, or yandex.com. If the hostname has another ending, or if the forward lookup does not return the logged IP, the request is not authenticated as a Yandex robot under this procedure.
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Yandex describes this as protection against fake robots. Its Webmaster documentation warns: “Some robots can disguise themselves as Yandex robots by indicating the relevant User Agent.”
Verify a YandexBot request step by step
1. Obtain the real request IP
Open the access log for the request and copy the IP address attached to that entry. Preserve the address exactly, including IPv6 notation if applicable. The user-agent can help you find candidate entries, but it is not the evidence you are trying to validate.
If your site uses a reverse proxy, CDN, load balancer, or another gateway, make sure the address you use is the client address your logging configuration has established as trustworthy. Do not blindly treat an arbitrary HTTP header as the source IP; verify how your server records addresses before running DNS checks.
2. Run a reverse DNS (PTR) lookup
A reverse lookup asks DNS for the hostname associated with an IP address. On a Unix-like system, either of these commands performs the check:
dig -x 203.0.113.45 +short
host 203.0.113.45On Windows, use:
nslookup 203.0.113.45Replace the example address with the address from your log. The result may contain one hostname or several. Record the exact fully qualified hostname returned; do not remove labels or normalize the spelling.
3. Check the hostname suffix
For a request to pass Yandex’s documented pattern, the reverse hostname must end in yandex.ru, yandex.net, or yandex.com. A hostname such as crawler.example.net fails this test even if the request claimed to be YandexBot.
Check the end of the complete hostname, not a substring in the middle. A name that merely contains the word “yandex” but ends in an unrelated domain is not a match.
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4. Forward-resolve the hostname
Now query DNS for address records for the hostname obtained in step 2:
dig crawler-hostname.yandex.net A +short
host crawler-hostname.yandex.netFor an IPv6 request, query the AAAA record as well:
dig crawler-hostname.yandex.net AAAA +shortCompare the returned addresses with the original log IP. The original address must be present. A reverse record by itself is not enough: an operator can create a misleading PTR name, but the forward check tests whether the named host points back to the same source.
5. Record the result with the request
For incident review or an automated block decision, save the IP, reverse hostname, lookup time, forward results, and the user-agent that was presented. DNS can change, so retaining the exact observation makes a later investigation reproducible without treating an old result as a permanent identity.
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A successful reverse lookup does not automatically produce a pass. First inspect every returned name and apply the suffix rule to the complete name. If several PTR names are returned, preserve them all and verify each relevant name; do not select the one that happens to contain “yandex” while ignoring a conflicting result.
The forward test is an inclusion test. A hostname can legitimately have several current address records. The check passes for the observed request when the original IP appears among the returned A or AAAA answers. If none of the answers equals the logged address, the reverse name has not been confirmed for that request.
Use the record type that matches the connection. An IPv4 request needs an A lookup, while an IPv6 request needs an AAAA lookup. Comparing an IPv6 source only with A records, or an IPv4 source only with AAAA records, cannot establish the required match. Keep the textual address and the lookup output in your evidence so another operator can see exactly what was compared.
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Using Yandex Webmaster’s IP-check tool
Yandex provides an IP address check in Yandex Webmaster. Enter the address from your log and read the category returned by the service. The tool can distinguish among:
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- An address belonging to Yandex generally.
- An address that does not belong to Yandex.
Those categories matter. Yandex notes that an address leased by Yandex, such as an address used by Yandex Cloud, may be identified as a Yandex IP without being an indexing bot. Therefore, “Yandex IP” is not equivalent to “YandexBot is crawling this page.” Use the tool to supplement the reverse-and-forward DNS test and to clarify whether the address is associated with an indexing robot specifically.
The tool is especially useful when a request is ambiguous, when you need a quick manual confirmation, or when an address appears to belong to Yandex but its crawler role is unclear. It does not make the user-agent trustworthy; it evaluates the IP.
Why the user-agent and robots.txt cannot authenticate a crawler
User-agent strings are forgeable
The header identifies what the client says it is. It is still valuable for grouping log entries, separating crawler types, and spotting requests that claim to be YandexBot, but it is not an authentication mechanism. Any HTTP client can send the same text.
Yandex also cautions that browser versions in its logged user-agent strings may change. Avoid rules that require one exact browser-version fragment. Match the crawler name only as a candidate signal, then apply DNS verification to the source IP.
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A robots.txt rule tells a crawler which paths it may request. It does not prove that the client obeying—or ignoring—the rule is operated by Yandex. A spoofed client can read the file and pretend to comply, while a genuine Yandex robot can be identified independently through the DNS procedure.
DNS verification versus the Webmaster IP check
| Criterion | Reverse and forward DNS | Yandex Webmaster IP check |
|---|---|---|
| What you submit | The IP recorded for the request; you then inspect its hostname and address records. | An IP address entered into Yandex’s service. |
| What it authenticates | Whether the observed IP has a Yandex-suffixed reverse name that resolves back to that same IP. | Whether Yandex classifies the address as an indexing bot, Yandex generally, or not Yandex. |
| Operational repeatability | Can be run manually or built into log-review and access-control workflows. | Convenient for occasional manual checks; automation details are not established here. |
| Handling changing infrastructure | Does not require maintaining a published IP list; each request is checked against current DNS. | Uses Yandex’s current classification for the submitted address. |
| Main limitation | Requires correct log-IP selection and both DNS directions; a transient DNS problem can prevent a conclusion. | A “Yandex IP” result may describe a Yandex-leased address rather than an indexing bot. |
Running both methods gives you two different kinds of evidence: DNS validates the relationship between the address that connected to your server and its claimed Yandex hostname, while the Webmaster tool provides Yandex’s own classification of that address.
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What to do when a check fails
| Observed result | Meaning | Practical response |
|---|---|---|
| No PTR hostname | The IP has no usable reverse name at the time of the query. | Do not authenticate it as YandexBot. Keep the log entry and retry later if the request is operationally important. |
| PTR hostname has another suffix | The reverse name does not match Yandex’s documented pattern. | Treat the request as unverified, regardless of its user-agent. |
| PTR ends in a Yandex suffix, but forward DNS omits the original IP | The reverse name does not point back to the requester; Yandex describes this as a fake hostname. | Reject the identity check and investigate the source as an unverified client. |
| Forward DNS returns several addresses, including the original | The hostname has multiple current address records, one of which matches. | The forward-confirmation condition is met for that IP; retain the complete result in your log. |
| Webmaster says “Yandex IP,” not indexing bot | The address may be leased or used by Yandex without being a search crawler. | Do not label the request an indexing crawl solely on that result. |
| DNS checks pass but the user-agent names another Yandex robot | The source may be a legitimate Yandex robot with a different purpose. | Identify the robot type from Yandex’s documented purpose before interpreting the traffic. |
Do not confuse YandexBot with other Yandex robots
YandexBot is the primary indexing robot, but Yandex operates other robots for accessibility, advertising, calendar, and availability-checking functions. Passing the DNS identity test establishes that the source matches Yandex’s documented network pattern; it does not, by itself, establish that the request is an indexing visit.
Use the complete user-agent and the request context to distinguish those purposes. For example, an availability-checking robot may contact a service for monitoring rather than to collect pages for search. Apply access, rate, and alerting policies according to the robot’s purpose instead of treating every Yandex request as search indexing.
Why a fixed Yandex IP allowlist is fragile
Yandex says its robots use an offline network that includes autonomous systems AS13238, AS208722, and AS212066. It also says crawler IP addresses change frequently and that it does not disclose a fixed, permanent list.
Those autonomous system numbers are network identifiers, not a complete authentication list. An allowlist built from today’s addresses can become stale, omit newly used addresses, or admit an address that is no longer used for the same function. Yandex’s crawler documentation specifically favors reverse-DNS filtering over managing access by IP addresses because DNS-based verification is more resistant to changes in its internal network.
That does not mean DNS is a reason to allow unlimited access. Keep ordinary rate limits, request validation, anomaly detection, and resource protections in place. DNS answers the identity question; it does not make a request harmless or guarantee that the requested URL is appropriate to serve.
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- Checking the wrong address: A proxy or CDN can make the nearest gateway appear in the log. Validate which field your infrastructure designates as the client address before querying DNS.
- Accepting a name containing “yandex”: Only the documented ending matters. A deceptive subdomain under another registrable domain is not a Yandex hostname.
- Stopping after PTR: The forward lookup is mandatory. Without the return-to-source match, the identity remains unconfirmed.
- Confusing an outage with a failure: A timeout or unavailable resolver is an indeterminate result, not proof that the client is fake.
- Freezing a browser-version string: Yandex says that portion can change. Use it for log grouping, not as a permanent signature.
- Equating Yandex ownership with indexing: A Yandex-leased address can serve other infrastructure, so read the Webmaster category and robot purpose carefully.
A repeatable verification workflow for logs and operations
- Filter logs for requests whose user-agent claims to be YandexBot or another Yandex robot.
- Extract the source IP recorded for each request.
- Perform a PTR lookup and normalize the returned hostname for comparison without changing its actual value.
- Require a hostname ending in
yandex.ru,yandex.net, oryandex.com. - Perform A or AAAA lookups for that hostname and require the original source IP among the answers.
- Classify the request as verified, unverified, or indeterminate when DNS is unavailable or contradictory.
- For important decisions, check the same IP with Yandex Webmaster and distinguish an indexing-bot result from a general Yandex result.
- Store the evidence and timestamp so later staff can see exactly why a request was accepted, challenged, or blocked.
Never silently convert an indeterminate DNS response into a “fake bot” verdict. A temporary resolver failure, timeout, or incomplete response is different from a confirmed suffix or forward-mapping failure. Your policy can still deny access when verification cannot be completed, but the log should say “unverified” rather than claim certainty you do not have.
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- The
User-Agentheader is a lead, not proof. - The source IP in your server log is the starting point.
- Require reverse DNS to a hostname ending in
yandex.ru,yandex.net, oryandex.com. - Require forward DNS to return the original request IP.
- Use Yandex Webmaster’s IP check as an additional classification, remembering that a Yandex IP is not necessarily an indexing bot.
- Prefer DNS verification to a hard-coded address list because Yandex says crawler addresses change frequently.
- Passing identity verification does not identify the robot’s purpose; YandexBot and other Yandex robots perform different jobs.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I verify that YandexBot is real?
Take the request IP from your server log, reverse-resolve it, require a hostname ending in yandex.ru, yandex.net, or yandex.com, and forward-resolve that hostname. The original IP must appear in the A or AAAA answers. You can then confirm the address in Yandex Webmaster’s IP-check tool.
Can a bot spoof the YandexBot user agent?
Yes. Any HTTP client can send a YandexBot user-agent. Treat it as a search hint for log filtering, not as proof of identity.
How do I check whether an IP address belongs to YandexBot?
Use the IP recorded for the connection, not an arbitrary header. Perform the reverse-and-forward DNS procedure, then use Yandex Webmaster’s IP check to see whether Yandex classifies the address as an indexing bot, Yandex generally, or neither.
What if the reverse hostname ends in yandex.net but does not resolve back to the IP?
The request fails Yandex’s documented identity check. A matching suffix is insufficient when forward DNS omits the original address; treat the source as unverified.
Does a Yandex IP result prove that YandexBot indexed my page?
No. Yandex says a leased address, including a Yandex Cloud address, may be identified as a Yandex IP without being an indexing bot. Check the specific category and the robot’s documented purpose.
Should I allowlist Yandex’s published autonomous systems?
Do not use AS13238, AS208722, or AS212066 as a complete bot allowlist. They identify networks, while Yandex says crawler addresses change frequently and recommends reverse-DNS filtering over a fixed IP list.
What should I do when DNS temporarily fails?
Classify the result as indeterminate, preserve the request and lookup details, and retry when appropriate. Your access policy may deny the request, but your records should distinguish an unavailable check from a confirmed fake hostname.
Does robots.txt verify a Yandex crawler?
No. robots.txt expresses access preferences. It does not authenticate the client; only the source-IP DNS checks and related IP classification address identity.
The Bottom Line
To verify YandexBot, start with the actual request IP, reverse-resolve it, require a yandex.ru, yandex.net, or yandex.com hostname, and forward-resolve that name back to the same address. Use Yandex Webmaster’s IP check as supporting evidence, remember that user-agent strings and robots.txt are not authentication, and avoid fragile fixed IP allowlists.
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