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Freedom251 › Blog › Copilot

How to Use Spreadsheet AI Features in Excel and Google Sheets

By Freedom251 Team · · 12 min read

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Excel and Google Sheets now offer several different kinds of AI help, not one universal “AI spreadsheet” button. Excel’s Copilot can analyze a workbook, explain formulas, and—when you choose edit mode—make changes. Google Sheets offers Gemini in a side panel for spreadsheet actions, a separate AI()/Gemini() cell function for text, and Enhanced Smart Fill for predictable text patterns.

Access depends on your Microsoft 365 or Google Workspace/Google AI plan, administrator settings, platform, language, and sometimes an experimental program. Check that the feature is available in your account before following a product-specific workflow, and verify every generated formula, classification, chart, or edit before using the result.

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Choose the right AI feature first

The fastest way to avoid a disappointing result is to match the task to the feature. Use a workbook assistant when you want analysis, formulas, charts, or structural changes. Use a cell function when you need text generated from a defined range. Use Smart Fill when you are extending a recognizable text pattern from examples.

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Need Best fit What it can do
Analyze a workbook or change its structure Excel Copilot or Gemini in the Sheets side panel Summaries, trends, outliers, formulas, tables, charts, filters, formatting, fills, and pivot-table work, depending on the product and account.
Generate text in individual cells Sheets =AI() or =Gemini() Summaries, categories, sentiment labels, and search-grounded text based on a supplied cell range.
Complete a text column from examples Sheets Enhanced Smart Fill Pattern-based text completion such as themes, topics, standardized addresses, or extracted phone numbers.

These tools are complementary. A side-panel assistant can work with workbook structure, while the Sheets AI function is deliberately narrower: it returns text and only receives the cells you pass as context.

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Before you start: verify access and prepare the file

Excel access

Copilot may not be included in every Microsoft 365 subscription. An organization can also restrict it through account or administrator settings. Microsoft’s current support documentation lists edit, plan, and chat modes on Windows, Mac, and the web. iPad support is more limited; iPhone and Android currently list chat mode, with some edit capability rolling out on mobile. Labels and availability can change, so use the current in-app help or Microsoft support information when a button is missing.

Google access

Gemini features in Sheets require an eligible Google Workspace or Google AI plan. Google also lists Workspace Experiments as an access route for some users. Administrator controls and language settings can affect which commands appear. If your file is an Excel workbook, Gemini works best after conversion to a native Sheets file: open it in Sheets, choose File > Save as Google Sheets, and use the new Sheets version for Gemini actions.

Prepare a clean working range

  • Give columns descriptive headers such as Region, Product, Revenue, and Cost.
  • Keep one record per row and avoid merged cells inside the data range you want analyzed.
  • Check that dates, numbers, and percentages use consistent formats.
  • Decide whether the AI should only explain information or is allowed to modify the workbook.
  • Save a copy before requesting broad edits so you can compare the original and changed versions.

How to use Copilot in Excel

Excel Copilot is a workbook assistant. It can surface summaries, trends, and outliers; create formulas and formula-driven columns or rows; explain existing formulas; build lookups; and work with charts and PivotTables. The mode you select determines whether Copilot merely analyzes or can change the workbook.

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1. Open Copilot and describe the task

  1. Open the workbook in Excel and select the Copilot icon.
  2. Describe the task in ordinary language. Name the relevant table, sheet, columns, or ranges.
  3. Specify the output you want: a written summary, a formula column, a chart, a PivotTable, a lookup, or an explanation.
  4. Read the response and inspect the referenced data before accepting anything.

Microsoft’s examples include these literal questions: Which region had the highest and lowest sales?, Are there any outliers or anomalies in this data?, Identify trends in this table., and How can I show regression and prediction of this data? Naming columns makes the request less ambiguous than saying only “analyze my data.”

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2. Select the mode that matches the risk

Mode Use it when What to expect
Chat You want an explanation or analysis without changing the workbook. Ask questions about the data, formulas, or possible trends and review the answer as text.
Plan The task is complex and you want to review the proposed approach first. Copilot lays out a sequence of steps for you to inspect before action is taken.
Edit You want Copilot to make a direct workbook change. It can create or modify formula-driven columns or rows and perform other supported edits. Inspect every changed range afterward.

For an inherited workbook, start in chat mode and ask Copilot to explain a selected formula. For a cross-sheet lookup, identify both the value to find and the inventory or reference sheet that contains the answer. For a new calculation, ask for the formula and the column where it should be placed rather than asking vaguely for “profit.”

3. Ask for formulas, lookups, and calculated columns

For a margin calculation, identify the inputs and the desired output: “Calculate each product’s profit margin from the Revenue and Cost columns, add a formula-driven Profit Margin column, and explain the formula.” If you need a lookup, name the key and destination: “For each product ID on the Orders sheet, find the stock quantity on the Inventory sheet and create a formula column showing the result.”

Copilot may generate a formula, fill a range, or propose a different workbook feature. Treat the proposal as a draft. Check that absolute and relative references point to the intended rows, that blanks and duplicate keys are handled appropriately, and that the formula returns the expected value for a row you can calculate manually.

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4. Request charts and PivotTables with a purpose

State the measure, grouping, and desired visual. For example: “Create a column chart of monthly sales by region and use the Month and Region fields as categories.” For a PivotTable, name the field to summarize and the dimensions to place in rows or columns. If Copilot suggests a chart type that obscures comparisons, change it rather than accepting it automatically; a chart can be technically valid while still communicating the data poorly.

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5. Review every edit

Microsoft Support gives the governing rule: “As with any AI-generated content, review, edit, and verify anything Copilot creates for you.” Compare generated totals with a known calculation, inspect formulas rather than only displayed values, and check that the chart or PivotTable includes the complete intended range. If an edit is wrong, undo it or restore your saved copy, then issue a narrower request with the exact columns and expected output.

How to use Gemini in the Google Sheets side panel

Gemini in Sheets is designed for spreadsheet actions from a side panel. You can ask it to create a table or formula, analyze data, create a chart, and perform supported changes such as formatting, filtering, sorting, filling a range, or creating a pivot table.

1. Convert an Excel file when necessary

Gemini works best with native Google Sheets files. In an Excel workbook opened by Sheets, choose File > Save as Google Sheets. Work in the converted file, because the original .xlsx document and the native Sheets copy are separate files.

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2. Open Ask Gemini and state the desired result

  1. Open the native spreadsheet in Google Sheets.
  2. Select Ask Gemini to open the side panel.
  3. Describe the operation, the relevant columns or range, and the output format.
  4. Review the proposed result or change and apply it only after checking the scope.

Useful requests include “Create a table that groups support tickets by priority,” “Add a formula that calculates the percentage change from last month,” “Filter the rows to show only North region,” or “Create a chart of revenue by month.” You can also use the documented wording Identify trends in this table. and ask How can I show regression and prediction of this data? when you want analysis or a suggested visualization rather than an immediate structural edit.

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3. Check the change before moving on

For a formatting request, confirm that only the intended range changed. For a filter or sort, make sure no rows were excluded from the working range accidentally. For a generated formula, test a row with a known answer. For a pivot table or chart, verify the source range, grouping fields, aggregation, and labels. Gemini suggestions can be inaccurate, so use the feedback controls and correct the sheet rather than assuming the first proposal is authoritative.

Use the Sheets AI function for text inside cells

The Sheets AI function is separate from the Gemini side panel. Enter either =AI("prompt", optional_range) or =Gemini("prompt", optional_range), provide a prompt, and optionally pass the cells that contain the context. After entering the formula, select the formula cells and choose Generate and Insert.

Example: summarize a row of feedback

  1. In a blank column, enter =AI("Summarize this feedback in one sentence", A2:D2).
  2. Select the formula cell or the set of AI-function cells you want to process.
  3. Click Generate and Insert.
  4. Read the generated sentence and correct labels that misrepresent the source text.

The optional range is essential context. The function does not see the entire spreadsheet or other files in Drive. It is intended for text generation, summaries, categorization, sentiment analysis, and search-grounded answers, not for general numeric calculations or a replacement for ordinary formulas.

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Limits you need to plan around

  • Responses are text-only.
  • You cannot nest the AI function inside another function.
  • Only the supplied range is visible; unrelated cells and other Drive files are out of scope.
  • The first 350 selected AI-function cells are generated at a time.
  • When referenced cells change, some prompt constructions do not automatically trigger a refresh. Regenerate deliberately when the source data has changed.

Use standard spreadsheet formulas for arithmetic, dates, totals, and values that must recalculate predictably. Use the AI function for language tasks such as “Classify this comment as billing, delivery, product, or other,” then review borderline categories and keep the original text beside the generated label.

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Use Enhanced Smart Fill for predictable text patterns

Enhanced Smart Fill is a different Sheets feature. It predicts text values from example rows instead of answering an open-ended prompt. Google’s examples include categorizing feedback by theme, organizing articles by topic, standardizing address text, and extracting phone numbers.

Requirements

  • Use the desktop version of Sheets.
  • The values must be English text.
  • The target column cannot be numeric or date data.
  • Provide at least three example rows and two distinct values in the example columns so Sheets can infer a pattern.

For example, place several feedback comments beside their intended themes, then invoke Smart Fill for the remaining text rows. If the examples are inconsistent, too few, or based on numbers and dates, use a normal formula or the AI function instead. Smart Fill is pattern completion, not a general-purpose data analyst.

A practical prompt pattern for either product

The following is author-created writing guidance, not a guaranteed result: name the task, identify the columns or range, define the output, and ask for assumptions or formulas to be explained.

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  • Task: “Find unusual monthly changes.”
  • Context: “Use the Month, Region, Revenue, and Units columns in the Sales table.”
  • Output: “Return a short list of the rows, the percentage change, and a chart.”
  • Checks: “State the comparison period and explain any formula you create.”

For the Sheets AI function, put the relevant context in the optional range. For Copilot or Gemini side-panel requests, name the table or sheet and the fields explicitly. Avoid combining unrelated operations in one request; create the analysis first, verify it, and then ask for a narrowly defined edit.

Verification checklist: treat AI output as a draft

  1. Confirm the scope. Check that the assistant used the intended sheet, table, columns, and rows rather than a similarly named range.
  2. Test known cases. Manually calculate at least one total, margin, lookup, category, or trend and compare it with the generated result.
  3. Inspect formulas. Look for shifted references, incorrect ranges, text treated as numbers, and divide-by-zero or blank-cell behavior.
  4. Check classifications and summaries against the source text. AI can miss negation, context, or mixed sentiments.
  5. Validate visuals. Confirm chart axes, units, filters, labels, date order, and the source range.
  6. Review edits before relying on the file. Look for accidental formatting, sorting, filtering, filled cells, or pivot-table changes outside the request.
  7. Regenerate intentionally. In the Sheets AI function, refresh after source cells change when the result does not update automatically; do not assume an old text response reflects new data.
  8. Keep an original copy. This is especially important before Excel edit-mode requests or broad Sheets changes.

Common problems and the practical fix

Symptom Likely reason Fix
The Copilot, Ask Gemini, or Generate and Insert control is absent. Your plan, organization, administrator, language, platform, or experiment status does not provide that feature. Check the account and current vendor requirements, update the app or browser where appropriate, and ask an administrator whether the feature is enabled.
Gemini gives weak results on an uploaded Excel workbook. The file is not a native Sheets document. Use File > Save as Google Sheets, then retry in the converted copy.
The Sheets AI function produces generic or incorrect text. The prompt lacks source context, or the optional range is too broad or too narrow. Pass the exact relevant range and specify the desired label, length, tone, or format.
A text result is stale after edits to source cells. Referenced-range changes may not automatically refresh every AI-function prompt. Select the AI-function cells and use Generate and Insert again after checking the new source data.
Smart Fill will not predict values. The column is numeric/date data, the values are not English text, or there are fewer than three examples with two distinct values. Provide qualifying text examples or switch to a standard formula or the AI function.
Copilot or Gemini changes more than intended. The request allowed an edit without a narrow range or explicit boundary. Undo or restore the saved copy, then specify the exact sheet, columns, rows, and output in a new request.

Excel Copilot or Google Sheets Gemini: which workflow fits?

Decision axis Excel with Copilot Google Sheets with Gemini
Main interaction Copilot pane with edit, plan, or chat mode; the mode determines whether the workbook may change. Gemini side panel for spreadsheet tasks, plus a separate AI cell function and Enhanced Smart Fill.
Documented spreadsheet tasks Workbook edits, insights, formulas, formula explanations, lookups, charts, and PivotTables. Tables, formulas, analysis, charts, formatting, filters, filled ranges, and pivot tables.
Context Works with the workbook, subject to account and platform capabilities. Side-panel features work best with native Sheets files; the AI function sees only the supplied range.
Access May not be included in a Microsoft 365 subscription and may be limited by organization settings. Requires an eligible Google Workspace or Google AI plan; some functions may also be available through Workspace Experiments.
Best verification habit Review, edit, and verify every Copilot-generated formula, analysis, and edit. Review suggestions, generated text, formulas, and workbook changes before relying on them.

This is a workflow comparison based on the documented feature sets, not a performance test. Neither product should be treated as automatically accurate.

Two safe end-to-end examples

Example A: investigate regional sales in Excel

  1. Ensure the sales table has clear Region, Date, Revenue, and Units columns.
  2. Open Copilot and start in chat mode.
  3. Ask: Which region had the highest and lowest sales? Then ask it to identify the rows and period used.
  4. Ask: Are there any outliers or anomalies in this data? Request the criteria or comparison behind each flagged row.
  5. If the explanation is useful, switch to plan mode and request a chart or PivotTable showing sales by region and month.
  6. Review the plan, apply it in edit mode if appropriate, and verify the totals against a manual aggregation or existing report.

Example B: classify customer comments in Sheets

  1. Keep the original comment in column A and reserve column B for a category.
  2. Use three or more representative examples if you want Enhanced Smart Fill, with at least two different category values.
  3. For more nuanced language, enter =AI("Classify this comment as billing, delivery, product, or other", A2) and choose Generate and Insert for the selected cells.
  4. Sample the generated categories, correct ambiguous cases, and retain the original comments for auditability.
  5. If comments change, regenerate the AI-function cells rather than assuming the previous labels updated themselves.

The safest pattern in both examples is the same: constrain the context, request a visible output, verify a sample against the source, and only then make the result part of the working spreadsheet.

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