Nano Banana 2.1 is Google’s image-generation and conversational-editing model. In the Gemini app, choose Create images, describe what you want, or upload an image and explain the change. For automated workflows, call the Gemini API with the model ID gemini-nano-banana-2.1.
The most reliable results come from a prompt that names the subject, action, scene, composition, visual style, quality target, and aspect ratio. You can refine an image through follow-up instructions, combine reference images, and request 1K, 2K, or 4K output where the product surface and account support those options.
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What Nano Banana 2.1 does
Google describes Nano Banana 2.1 as a high-efficiency image-generation and conversational-editing model, also identified in developer documentation as gemini-nano-banana-2.1. It can create an image from text, modify an uploaded image through a dialogue, combine several reference images, and use image or video context in supported API workflows.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteThe model reference lists 1K, 2K, and 4K output resolutions, with 1K as the default. It also lists Search grounding, configurable thinking, and multi-image fusion. Google positions Nano Banana 2.1 for speed and high-volume work, while describing Gemini 3 Pro Image as its choice for professional asset production. Those are Google’s product descriptions, not independent benchmark results.
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There are two practical ways to use it:
| Route | Best for | What you control | What to expect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gemini app | One-off creations, conversational edits, and quick experiments | Prompt, uploaded references, follow-up instructions, and the controls shown in the current interface | No coding; availability and limits depend on region, account, plan, and the Gemini surface you are using |
| Gemini API | Applications, batch generation, reusable pipelines, and video-to-image jobs | Model ID, response modalities, aspect ratio, image size, references, and application logic | Requires developer access and implementation work; request fields and entitlements can change |
Before you start: access, limits, and prerequisites
You need a Google account that can use Gemini, a supported country or language, and an account or plan with image generation enabled. Google says image generation is available in all languages and countries where the Gemini app itself is available, but the exact entitlement can change. The app’s current tools menu is the authority for your account.
Google AI Pro, Plus, and Ultra users are described as having access to the best image model in Gemini and the ability to redo an image with Nano Banana Pro. Product names, availability, and included usage can change, so treat the labels shown in your account as current.
Google Search Help publishes separate limits for image creation in AI Mode. The figures below are daily allowances in a 24-hour period, not a guarantee for every Gemini app workflow and not a measure of image quality or speed.
| AI Mode access | Google-published limit | Qualification |
|---|---|---|
| No Google AI plan | Up to 25 images | AI Mode limit; may change with capacity and demand |
| Google AI Plus | Up to 50 images | AI Mode limit; plan availability varies by region and account |
| Google AI Pro | Up to 100 images | AI Mode limit; may change with capacity and demand |
| Google AI Ultra | Up to 1,000 images | AI Mode limit; plan availability varies by region and account |
Do not assume these AI Mode numbers apply to the Gemini app, the API, or another Google product. If an image tool is missing or a limit appears lower, check the account, region, plan, and the usage notice in the product before changing your prompt.
How to create an image in the Gemini app
- Open Gemini and open the tools menu.
- Select Create images. If the option is absent, your account, region, plan, or current product version may not have access.
- Write a prompt with the subject, action, and scene. For example: Create an image of a cat napping in a sunbeam on a windowsill.
- Add composition instructions: camera angle, framing, subject position, foreground and background relationships, and what should remain outside the frame.
- Specify a visual style, lighting, medium, level of detail, quality target, and aspect ratio such as portrait, square, or landscape.
- Submit the request and inspect the result. If a detail is wrong, continue in the same conversation with one focused correction instead of rewriting every instruction.
- Save or export the result using the controls currently shown by Gemini, then review it at its final display size.
A prompt structure that is easy to control
Google’s starting formula is subject + action + scene. Expand it in this order when you need more control:
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Create an image of [subject] [doing what] in [scene].
Composition: [framing, viewpoint, subject position].
Style: [medium or visual language], [lighting], [colour direction].
Quality: [detail level, realism or illustration target].
Aspect ratio: [portrait, square, or landscape].For a product-style image, specify the surface, background, light direction, focal length impression, and whether the item must be shown completely. For an editorial illustration, state the intended audience, mood, colour palette, and empty space needed for a headline. Concrete constraints reduce the number of decisions the model has to infer.
Describe what matters most first
Put non-negotiable facts near the beginning: the identity of the main subject, the action, the setting, and any safety or brand-neutral requirements. Follow with details that can vary, such as texture, weather, props, or secondary colours. If the image must contain a particular number of objects, name each object and its position, but remember that the model may not follow an exact requested image count or every numerical arrangement.
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After the first result, issue a narrow instruction such as: Keep the person, camera angle, and background. Replace the blue jacket with a green raincoat and make the light warmer. Naming what must stay unchanged helps preserve continuity. Make one or two related changes per turn, inspect the output, and then continue. If the model drifts, restate the essential subject and composition before adding the next adjustment.
How to edit an existing photo
- Open Gemini’s Create images tool.
- Upload the source image when the interface offers an attachment control.
- Describe the exact change: what to remove, add, recolour, reposition, or restyle.
- State what must remain consistent, such as the person’s identity, pose, camera viewpoint, background, shadows, or product shape.
- Generate the edit and compare it with the original at the same crop and scale.
- Use a follow-up prompt for a single correction, such as restoring a missing object or reducing an unwanted change.
A useful edit prompt separates the operation from preservation requirements:
Edit the uploaded image. Change: [specific area or object].
Keep unchanged: [subject identity, pose, camera angle, background, lighting].
Blend the change naturally with the original perspective, shadows, and colour.Targeted edits and conversational masking
Google’s broader Gemini image guide describes defining a mask conversationally for targeted edits. You can identify an area in words, for example, Change only the sign in the upper-right corner; leave the building, sky, and people untouched. The documentation presents this as an instruction strategy, not a promise of perfect pixel preservation. Always inspect edges, reflections, text, and shadows around the edited area.
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Restyling without losing the subject
When changing a photograph into an illustration, name the visual treatment while explicitly preserving the subject’s defining features. Mention face, clothing, pose, silhouette, and viewpoint if they matter. A request such as Convert this portrait to a flat editorial illustration while preserving the person’s expression, hairstyle, pose, and clothing colours is more controllable than simply asking for an illustration.
Using reference images and keeping subjects consistent
Nano Banana 2.1 supports multiple reference images. Google’s model documentation describes workflows with up to 14 reference images, with character consistency for up to four characters and object fidelity for up to ten objects. These are documented workflow limits, not a guarantee that every reference will be reproduced perfectly.
| Reference need | How to label it in the prompt | Practical advice |
|---|---|---|
| Subject identity | Image 1 supplies the person or main object | State which facial, clothing, shape, or material details are essential |
| Style | Image 2 supplies colour, lighting, or medium | Tell Gemini to borrow the style, not the unrelated subject |
| Environment | Image 3 supplies the room, landscape, or architecture | Describe where the main subject should be placed in that environment |
| Object details | Images 4–n supply specific props or products | Name each object and its intended position to avoid accidental substitutions |
For a multi-reference request, identify the role of every image before describing the final scene: Use image 1 for the character, image 2 for the jacket, and image 3 for the studio lighting. Create one waist-up portrait with the character wearing that jacket under the lighting from image 3. Keep the final composition explicit so the model does not treat every reference as an equal subject.
Getting readable text and logos into an image
Text-heavy images need a verification pass. Google’s guide says Gemini works best when the desired text is generated first and then supplied when requesting the image. Prepare the exact wording, capitalization, punctuation, and line breaks before you ask for the final design.
- Write the copy separately and proofread it.
- Tell Gemini where each line belongs and how prominent it should be.
- Provide the approved wording in the prompt or as a reference when the workflow allows it.
- Inspect every character in the generated image at full size.
- Regenerate or finish the typography in a dedicated design tool if the text is not exact.
Do not publish an image with unverified spelling, dates, prices, legal notices, or accessibility text. A visually attractive result can still contain a one-character error.
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Choosing resolution, aspect ratio, and output settings
The model reference lists 1K, 2K, and 4K output, with 1K as the default. Use the smallest resolution that meets the immediate job while iterating, then request a larger size for the approved composition when your surface exposes that setting. A larger output does not fix a wrong layout or misspelled text.
Set the aspect ratio to match the destination: portrait for a tall cover or phone screen, square for a balanced tile, and landscape for a banner or presentation slide. State the intended crop in the prompt as well as in the setting, because a subject placed at the edge may be cut off when the image is repurposed.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Using Nano Banana 2.1 through the Gemini API
Developers select the model with the identifier gemini-nano-banana-2.1. The official image-generation guide documents sending a text prompt, requesting image output through response modalities, and configuring image options such as aspect ratio and image size.
- Set up Gemini API access and credentials according to Google’s current developer console requirements.
- Choose
gemini-nano-banana-2.1as the model. - Send the prompt in the request contents.
- Request image output in the response modalities.
- Set the aspect ratio and image size when those options are available in your SDK or request format.
- Decode and store the returned image data using your application’s normal asset pipeline.
- Check the response for missing or additional images before assuming a fixed count.
The request conceptually contains these fields; use the exact syntax required by the current Google SDK or REST documentation:
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{
"model": "gemini-nano-banana-2.1",
"contents": "Create a landscape illustration of a mountain observatory at dawn.",
"generationConfig": {
"responseModalities": ["IMAGE"],
"imageConfig": {
"aspectRatio": "16:9",
"imageSize": "2K"
}
}
}The example expresses the settings documented for the model; it is not a complete authentication or language-specific program. SDK field names and request wrappers can change, so verify them against the current API reference before deploying.
Reference images in an API request
Pass the reference images using the image-part format supported by the current API, then explain each image’s role in the text prompt. Keep the same discipline as in the Gemini app: identify which reference supplies the subject, which supplies style or detail, and what the final scene must contain.
Video-to-image generation
Nano Banana 2.1 supports video input in the documented API workflow. Google says a public YouTube URL or an uploaded video file can provide context for a thumbnail, poster, infographic, or artwork inspired by a scene. This is a developer-oriented workflow rather than a requirement for ordinary image creation. Audio input is not supported for image generation, so the visual content of the video must carry the relevant information.
Search grounding and external visual context
Search grounding can use Google Web Search and Image Search when the relevant product surface enables it. Google’s documentation says grounded image generation does not support real-world images of people from web search at this time. If a request depends on a specific person, use an eligible reference image instead of assuming a web result can be imported.
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Grounding supplies context; it does not remove the need to check facts, rights, or visual accuracy. Confirm names, dates, labels, and the final appearance before publishing an image that represents a real place, event, product, or person.
Troubleshooting common failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to try |
|---|---|---|
| Create images is missing | The feature is unavailable for the current account, region, language, plan, or product surface | Check the tools menu, account, plan, and current Gemini availability notice; do not infer access from another account |
| The composition is wrong | Important spatial instructions were implicit or buried | State viewpoint, framing, subject position, crop, and background separately; request one correction at a time |
| An edit changes too much | The preservation requirements were not explicit, or the requested change was broad | Name the exact area to change and list the subject, lighting, perspective, and background that must remain |
| Characters or products drift between images | References were not assigned clear roles or the consistency request exceeded documented limits | Label each reference, reduce the number of simultaneous changes, and keep essential identity details in every correction |
| Text is misspelled | Generated typography is not guaranteed to be exact | Supply approved wording, regenerate, and proofread at full size; finish typography separately when precision is required |
| The requested number of images is not returned | Google cautions that exact output count is not always followed | Process the actual response and request another generation if you need more candidates |
| The result looks soft | The request used the default 1K output or the source reference was low resolution | Fix composition first, then choose 2K or 4K where available and use a suitable source image |
| A video request fails | The workflow expects unsupported audio input or an invalid video source | Use visual video input through the documented API path; do not rely on audio-only instructions |
Watermark, provenance, and publication checks
Google’s API documentation says generated images include a SynthID watermark. Treat that as part of the asset’s provenance and check the terms that apply to your account and use case before distributing the image commercially or representing it as a photograph.
Before publishing, inspect the image for unintended people, readable text, extra limbs or objects, inconsistent reflections, distorted hands, and changes to a person’s identity. For an edit, compare the result with the original rather than judging it in isolation. For a reference-based composition, confirm that each supplied object appears with the intended shape, colour, and orientation.
Gemini app or API: which route fits?
- Choose the Gemini app when you want to explore an idea, upload a photo, and refine it conversationally without building software.
- Choose the API when generation must run inside a product, repeat on a schedule, process many assets, or use video-to-image automation.
- Use both when you want to develop prompts interactively in Gemini, then move the approved prompt structure into an application.
Neither route guarantees exact prompt compliance. The app is simpler but exposes only the controls available in its current interface; the API offers repeatable configuration but adds authentication, request handling, storage, and quota management.
Quick Recap
A repeatable production checklist
- Confirm that the account, region, plan, and product surface include image generation.
- Decide whether the task is a new image, an edit, a multi-reference composition, or an API/video workflow.
- Write the subject, action, and scene before adding style and technical details.
- Specify composition, aspect ratio, lighting, and what must stay unchanged.
- Assign a clear role to every reference image.
- Generate at 1K while solving composition, then choose 2K or 4K when the final surface supports it.
- Refine with focused follow-up instructions rather than changing every variable at once.
- Proofread text and inspect faces, hands, edges, shadows, and reflections.
- Check the actual number of returned images and retain the best approved version.
- Record the prompt, references, settings, and any required provenance information for future revisions.
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