You can screenshot an OTP-protected site with an AI agent by letting it open the site in a browser, completing the site’s normal one-time-password challenge yourself, and saving the authenticated browser state for a later run. The saved state is sensitive: it can contain cookies that let someone impersonate your session. This workflow reuses an authorized sign-in; it does not bypass multi-factor authentication.
The exact steps depend on the agent’s browser-control interface and the website. The example below uses Playwright, whose browser context can save and reload authentication state. Adapt it to an agent only if that agent supports the same browser operations.
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What the workflow does—and does not do
An OTP challenge is part of the site’s sign-in process. Stop at that challenge and complete it through the site’s intended flow: enter the code yourself, or use an identity integration explicitly approved for the account and site. Do not ask an agent to evade the challenge, intercept codes, or automate access in a way the site or account owner has not authorized.
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After sign-in, the browser can save cookies and local storage in a state file. A later run can load that file and visit a protected page without repeating the initial sign-in, as long as the site still accepts the session. This is session reuse, not a guarantee that OTP will never be required again.
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Set up an authorized Playwright browser session
Install Playwright and create a private state directory
-
In a new project directory, install Playwright:
npm install playwright. -
Create a directory for the state file and exclude it from version control. For example, add
private-auth/to.gitignorebefore saving any state there. -
Use a machine and account you are authorized to use. Keep screenshots private too; they may show account information even if the state file is protected.
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Complete the OTP challenge and save state
Run this setup script in a trusted local environment. It opens a visible Chromium window so you can sign in and enter the OTP yourself. Replace the login URL and the success condition with values appropriate to the site. The script deliberately waits for a page-specific signed-in marker before saving state.
const { chromium } = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await chromium.launch({ headless: false });
const context = await browser.newContext();
const page = await context.newPage();
try {
await page.goto('https://example.com/login');
console.log('Sign in in the browser. Complete the OTP challenge yourself.');
// Replace this with a selector that appears only after successful sign-in.
await page.locator('[data-testid="account-home"]').waitFor({
state: 'visible',
timeout: 0
});
await context.storageState({ path: 'private-auth/user.json' });
console.log('Authenticated state saved. Keep private-auth/user.json secret.');
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
})();[data-testid="account-home"] is an example selector, not a Playwright API or a guaranteed element on your site. Choose a stable element that confirms the intended account is signed in. Alternatively, wait for a known final URL with Playwright’s page.waitForURL(). Avoid treating a successful navigation alone as proof of authentication: some sites redirect back to login or display an error page.
Load saved state and capture the target page
After setup, this separate script loads the saved state, opens the target URL, verifies a page-specific marker, and saves a full-page image. Replace the URL and selector. If the page contains private fields you do not want in the output, mask them as shown.
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const { chromium } = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await chromium.launch({ headless: true });
const context = await browser.newContext({
storageState: 'private-auth/user.json'
});
const page = await context.newPage();
try {
await page.goto('https://example.com/account/report', {
waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'
});
// Replace with a marker that proves this is the expected signed-in page.
await page.locator('[data-testid="report-title"]').waitFor({
state: 'visible',
timeout: 15000
});
await page.screenshot({
path: 'page.png',
fullPage: true,
mask: [page.locator('[data-testid="private-account-number"]')]
});
console.log('Saved page.png');
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
})();If no information needs masking, remove the mask option. For a viewport-only capture, set fullPage: false or omit it. Playwright’s screenshot assertions, such as toHaveScreenshot, are a separate visual-testing feature for its test runner; they wait for consecutive screenshots to stabilize before comparison. Use an ordinary page.screenshot() when you simply need an image file.
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-
Handle the state file like a credential. Playwright warns that browser state can contain sensitive cookies and headers that could be used to impersonate a user or test account, and strongly discourages checking it into a repository. Keep it outside source control, restrict file access, and do not attach it to logs or public artifacts.
-
Protect secrets used during sign-in. Microsoft Learn’s Power Platform Playwright Samples say never to commit passwords to source control and recommend environment variables or a secrets manager. Do not hard-code credentials into a script or send them to an agent unless its handling is explicitly approved.
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-
Refresh expired state through normal sign-in. A site can expire or revoke a session, and sites differ in how they handle cookies and local storage. If the saved state no longer works, repeat the authorized login and OTP flow, save fresh state, and remove the old file securely.
-
Keep the screenshot separate from the state file. The image can expose personal or business data even though it cannot itself restore the browser session. Store, share, and retain it according to the site’s and account owner’s rules.
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Choose the right capture behavior
-
Use a page-specific URL or visible element to confirm the OTP transition completed and that the later run reached the intended page.
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-
Use
fullPage: truefor a long page when one image should include content beyond the viewport. For a visual regression test, use Playwright Test’s screenshot assertion rather than treating a raw capture as a comparison. -
Use locator masking to cover selected sensitive interface elements in the image. Masking changes the screenshot only; it does not remove information from the website or from the browser state.
Troubleshooting
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| The setup never reaches the state-save step. | The chosen success selector does not exist, is not visible, or the login did not finish. | Inspect the page after completing OTP, then use a stable element that appears only when signed in, or wait for the site’s known final URL. |
| The later run returns to the login or OTP page. | The site expired or rejected the saved session, or the saved state does not cover the site’s authentication behavior. | Complete the normal sign-in flow again and save new state. There is no universal OTP lifetime or guarantee that state will work on every site. |
| The screenshot is blank or captures the wrong page. | Navigation may have ended at a redirect, error, or intermediate page; the target content may not yet be present. | Check the current URL and wait for a target-specific visible marker before calling screenshot(). |
| A private field is visible in the image. | The screenshot includes the page as rendered; saving browser state does not redact screenshot pixels. | Mask the relevant locator in the screenshot call, or capture only a region that excludes it, then verify the resulting image before sharing. |
| A state file or screenshot was committed or shared accidentally. | These artifacts can expose access or personal information. | Remove the artifact from the repository and any shared locations, restrict access, and revoke or refresh the affected session if exposure could enable account access. |
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo provides a one-request screenshot API and an MCP server for AI agents. It removes cookie banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are not billed. It is suited to pages the API can access, but the documented call below does not complete an interactive OTP challenge or reuse the Playwright state file. Use the authorized browser workflow above for pages that require your signed-in session.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can an AI agent receive or enter the OTP for me?
Only use an integration explicitly authorized for the account and site. The general browser workflow described here pauses for the account holder to complete the site’s normal challenge.
Will the saved browser state work in a different browser or agent?
Not necessarily. State formats and site session behavior vary; validate the chosen agent’s current documentation and the target site’s behavior.
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