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Update Core Lightning by repeating the installation method that created your node: replace the release binary if you originally installed a release binary, or fetch and rebuild the source if you built from source. Before replacing anything, identify the executable actually used by your service, record its version, read the target release notes, and prepare backups that account for Lightning channel state. Treat any database migration as a possible point of no return: Core Lightning warns that downgrades are not generally possible after a database upgrade.
What a safe Core Lightning upgrade involves
A safe update is more than copying a new executable over an old one. You need to establish four facts first: how the existing node was installed, which daemon binary is running, which release you intend to install, and whether the new binary will require a database migration.
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- Installation method: release package or binary versus a build from source.
- Current version: obtained from the executable or the service that launches it.
- Target release: selected from the project’s current release information and release notes, not from an old example in an installation guide.
- Recovery position: wallet and channel-state backups prepared before stopping the node.
The project’s upgrade documentation states that “Upgrading your Core Lightning node is the same as installing it.” Follow that rule even if the replacement appears to be a small patch update: use the same packaging and build route as the original installation (Core Lightning upgrade documentation).
Identify the installation method and running version
Check how the node was installed
Look at the files and service definition used to launch the node. A release installation normally places a prebuilt lightningd executable in a chosen directory. A source installation usually has a checkout containing the Core Lightning source tree and a locally built executable. Distribution packages and service managers can place either type behind a wrapper, so do not assume that the first executable found in your shell is the one used by the node.
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- Inspect the service unit, startup script, container definition, or supervisor configuration that starts the daemon.
- Record the absolute executable path, data directory, network setting, plugin directory, and user account under which the node runs.
- Compare that path with the result of a shell lookup such as
command -v lightningd. If they differ, the service path takes precedence for this upgrade. - Determine whether the existing executable came from an official release artifact or from a source checkout. Keep this decision documented with the node’s maintenance records.
Record the installed daemon version
The configuration reference documents a version option that prints the version and exits (Core Lightning configuration reference). Invoke the version option on the exact executable path used by the service; a typical installation exposes it as lightningd --version, but packaging can change the command or location.
Save the complete output, including any commit identifier or build suffix. If the node is managed by a package, container, or service wrapper, verify the version through that same packaging path rather than checking an unrelated binary in your interactive shell. The purpose is to know what will be replaced and to detect a service that continues launching an older copy.
Choose a target release without relying on stale examples
Read the current official release information and the notes for the exact platform package or source tag you plan to use. The installation page displays v26.06 as an example checkout, but that example does not establish that it is the latest stable release on any particular publication date (Core Lightning installation documentation).
Confirm all of the following before downloading or building:
- the release tag or package version;
- the operating system and CPU architecture;
- the supported database and protocol changes;
- plugin or API compatibility notes;
- any required compiler, library, or packaging changes;
- whether the artifact is a release build or a development/non-release build.
Do not choose a version merely because a command in an old tutorial contains that number. Release availability and packaging instructions change, so use the project’s current release information immediately before the maintenance window.
Understand the database migration boundary
Core Lightning upgrades can change the node database. The upgrade guide warns that “once this is done, downgrades are not generally possible.” That warning matters more than whether the executable replacement itself is reversible: after the daemon has migrated its database, putting the old binary back may not restore compatibility.
Core Lightning normally refuses a database upgrade when the new executable is not recognized as a release build. The database-upgrade setting is a deliberate override for that situation, documented in the configuration reference. It is not a general-purpose way to force every update through.
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When the override is relevant
A source checkout, development commit, locally modified build, or other non-release executable may be rejected when its database format differs from the existing node. Enabling database-upgrade tells the daemon to proceed with the migration despite that status. Use it only when you have intentionally selected that build, reviewed its changes, and accepted the rollback consequences.
When not to use it
- Do not add
database-upgrade=truesimply because a normal release update fails. - Do not use it to bypass an unknown startup error or a mismatched executable path.
- Do not assume it creates a backup or makes a development build equivalent to a signed release.
- Do not plan to downgrade after a successful migration; treat the migration as potentially one-way.
If the daemon reports a compatibility or migration problem, stop and resolve the version, build, and release-selection issue before enabling any override. Preserve the error output so you can diagnose the exact database transition rather than repeatedly starting and stopping the node.
Prepare backups that reflect Lightning state
Core Lightning’s backup guidance distinguishes the wallet secret, emergency recovery material, and the live database (Core Lightning wallet-backup documentation). A seed or secret alone is not a complete backup of channel state.
Protect hsm_secret
Make sure the node’s hsm_secret is stored securely and can be recovered by the operator who will perform the upgrade. It controls key derivation, so protect it as sensitive material: restrict permissions, avoid leaving extra plaintext copies, and verify that the recorded location is the one used by this node.
Understand emergency.recover
Keep the emergency recovery information generated for the node according to the project’s instructions. Static channel recovery is a last-resort procedure and requires cooperation from peers; it is not an instant substitute for a complete operational backup.
Do not snapshot a live database casually
The documentation explicitly discourages snapshot-style backups of the lightningd database because loss of state can cause permanent loss of funds. A filesystem snapshot or copied database made without a state-consistent procedure may omit channel commitments or other information needed to recover safely. Do not represent a seed copy or an unverified live-directory copy as a full channel backup.
Make the maintenance window controlled
- Notify channel peers and any dependent applications that the node will stop.
- Finish or pause automated actions that could change channel state during the maintenance window.
- Record the data directory, configuration, plugin list, service command, current version, and available disk space.
- Ensure you can restore the original executable and configuration files if the new binary fails before any database migration begins.
Release binary versus source build
The two supported routes are not interchangeable. Match the update to the route used for the original installation.
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| Aspect | Release binary | Source build |
|---|---|---|
| How to obtain the update | Download the official artifact for the operating system and architecture. | Fetch the source, select the intended release or commit, and rebuild it. |
| What replaces the old executable | Install the new binary in the same service-visible directory, or update the service deliberately if the path changes. | Install the newly built executable where the existing service expects it, or change the service path as a separate, documented action. |
| Build prerequisites | Normally limited to the runtime libraries and permissions required by the package. | Requires the compiler, development libraries, build tools, and source-tree procedure specified for that release. |
| Integrity checks | Verify the project’s published checksum manifest and detached signature before installation. | Validate the source origin, selected tag or commit, and the resulting build procedure; a local build is not automatically a release artifact. |
| Plugin handling | Remove or update incompatible old plugin files as directed by the installation notes. | Rebuild or replace plugins that depend on the compiled interface or version-specific behavior. |
| Migration risk | Release builds follow the normal upgrade path, but a database change can still make rollback impossible. | A non-release or locally modified build may require the explicit database-upgrade override and carries greater compatibility and rollback risk. |
Update from an official release binary
1. Stop cleanly and record the baseline
- Stop the service through the same supervisor that normally starts it.
- Wait for a clean shutdown and confirm that no second
lightningdprocess is still using the data directory. - Save the previously recorded version, executable path, configuration path, and plugin list.
2. Obtain the matching artifact
Download the official release package for the node’s platform. Do not substitute a development archive or a binary built for a different architecture. Keep the downloaded files outside the live installation directory until verification is complete.
3. Verify the manifest and signature
Follow the project’s reproducible-build and release-checklist instructions for the exact artifact (Core Lightning reproducible-build guidance; Core Lightning release checklist). Verify the detached signature against the checksum manifest. The release checklist emphasizes that the manifest must be supplied as the second argument to gpg --verify: the signature file is first, and the manifest being signed is second.
After the signature is valid, check the downloaded binary against the signed manifest using the checksum utility appropriate to your operating system. A valid checksum proves that the file matches the signed manifest; it does not prove that you selected the release you intended, so compare the version and platform fields as well.
4. Replace the service-visible executable
Move the verified binary into the directory used by the node, preserving ownership and executable permissions. If you choose a new directory, update the service definition explicitly and record the change. Do not leave two plausible binaries in the search path and assume the daemon will choose the newer one.
Review the installation notes for plugin files. The installation documentation warns that old plugin files may need removal to prevent conflicts. Remove or replace only files identified as obsolete or incompatible; keep a record of what was changed so you can restore the prior plugin set if startup fails.
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5. Check the binary before starting the node
Run the version option against the newly installed executable and compare the output with the intended release. If the output still shows the old version, stop: the wrong path was replaced or the service will launch a different copy.
6. Start and observe migration behavior
Start the node using its normal service command. Watch the daemon’s startup output and service logs for database migration messages, schema errors, plugin failures, permission errors, and missing libraries. Do not interrupt a legitimate migration merely because startup takes longer than usual, but do not repeatedly restart a process that is reporting a fatal compatibility error.
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Update a node built from source
1. Preserve the existing build details
Record the source repository location, selected branch or tag, compiler and library versions, build options, installation prefix, and any local patches. A source node may not be reproducible from a bare directory name if the operator has changed build flags or applied local modifications.
2. Select and inspect the intended source
Fetch the upstream source and select the exact release tag or commit chosen during the release-review step. Read its release notes and migration notes before compiling. Do not treat the installation page’s example version as a target without confirming that it is still current.
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Compile the new version without deleting the currently installed executable. Confirm that all required development dependencies are present and that the build completes without silently disabling required components. Keep the resulting executable separate until its version output and, where applicable, build checks have been reviewed.
4. Decide whether the build is a release build
A tagged, unmodified release build follows a different risk profile from an arbitrary development commit. If the daemon refuses a database change because the executable is non-release, do not immediately enable database-upgrade. First verify that the source and commit are intentional, understand the migration, and ensure that your recovery plan accepts the possibility that the old binary will no longer work.
5. Install and handle plugins
Place the built executable where the service expects it, or make a deliberate service-path change. Rebuild or replace plugins that are tied to the previous binary or API. Old plugin files can cause startup conflicts even when the daemon itself was built successfully.
6. Start once and inspect the logs
Start the service normally and monitor the complete startup sequence. Pay particular attention to database-opening, migration, plugin-loading, and RPC-listening messages. If migration begins, do not plan a binary-only rollback afterward; preserve the logs and follow the project’s recovery guidance if the process fails.
Verify the version that is installed and the version that is running
Verify the installed executable
Use the daemon’s documented version option on the exact path you installed. A typical invocation is lightningd --version; package managers, containers, and service wrappers may expose a different path or command. Compare the output with the release you verified, including architecture or build suffix where shown.
Verify the service did not select an older copy
After startup, inspect the service command and startup log to confirm that the process uses the executable you checked. If the service exposes the daemon’s version through its normal status or RPC information, compare that value with the standalone executable check. A successful start is not proof that the intended binary was used.
Check node health after startup
- Confirm that the daemon reaches its normal ready state.
- Confirm that the expected data directory and network are loaded.
- Check that required plugins load without errors.
- Review channel and peer status for unexpected failures.
- Keep the pre-upgrade executable and configuration available until the node has operated normally for an observation period, but do not downgrade after a database migration unless the project explicitly provides a compatible recovery procedure.
Failure modes and safe responses
The reported version is unchanged
The service is probably launching another executable, or the replacement lacks executable permission. Recheck the absolute path in the service definition, run the version option on that path, and restart through the supervisor after correcting the path.
Signature or checksum verification fails
Do not install the artifact. Re-download the files from the official release source, ensure the signature and manifest belong to the same release, and repeat the verification exactly as documented in the release checklist. A failed integrity check is a stop condition, not a warning to ignore.
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Confirm whether the new executable is a release build, whether the intended target is correct, and whether the service is opening the expected data directory. Do not enable database-upgrade until you have consciously accepted the migration and rollback consequences.
Startup fails after replacing the binary
Capture the complete error and determine whether it concerns permissions, missing runtime libraries, an incompatible plugin, configuration syntax, or database compatibility. If no migration has occurred, restoring the previous executable may be possible after the cause is understood. If migration has occurred, assume that returning to the old binary may not work.
A plugin prevents startup
Use the recorded plugin list to identify the changed component. Follow the release notes and installation guidance for rebuilding, replacing, or temporarily removing that plugin. Do not delete unrelated node state while troubleshooting a plugin.
Quick Recap
A repeatable maintenance checklist
- Identify the installation route and service-visible executable.
- Record the current daemon version with the documented version option.
- Read the target release notes and verify the target is current; do not infer currency from the installation page’s
v26.06example. - Prepare secure wallet and recovery material, recognizing that a seed alone does not restore channel state.
- Stop the node cleanly and avoid casual snapshots of the live database.
- For a release binary, verify the signed manifest and checksum before installation.
- For a source build, preserve build details, select the exact intended source, and compile separately from the live executable.
- Replace the executable using the same method and service path as the original installation.
- Review and update incompatible plugin files.
- Start the node, watch migration and compatibility output, and do not treat
database-upgradeas a routine flag. - Verify the installed executable and confirm that the running service uses it.
- Retain logs and the prior installation details; do not attempt an unplanned downgrade after database migration.
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