Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteUse Selenium to launch Chrome in headless mode, set a deliberate viewport, wait for the page and its fonts, then save the browser’s current window as a PNG. For Hindi pages, verify the image itself: a successful file write does not guarantee Devanagari rendered correctly. The example below is a starting point for a page you are authorized to access; replace the sample government URL with your target.
Capture a Hindi website with Selenium and headless Chrome
This Python workflow waits for the document to finish loading and for available web fonts to settle before taking a viewport screenshot. It also checks Selenium’s return value and always closes the browser session.
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from pathlib import Path
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
url = "https://example.gov.in/" # Replace with the page you are authorized to capture.
output = Path("screenshot.png").resolve()
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--window-size=1365,1200")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
try:
driver.get(url)
WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(
lambda d: d.execute_script("return document.readyState") == "complete"
)
driver.execute_async_script("""
const done = arguments[0];
if (document.fonts && document.fonts.ready) {
document.fonts.ready.then(() => done());
} else {
done();
}
""")
if not driver.save_screenshot(str(output)):
raise RuntimeError(f"Could not save screenshot to {output}")
print(f"Saved {output}")
finally:
driver.quit()Install Selenium in the Python environment running the script with python -m pip install selenium. Selenium’s Chrome guide describes Chrome options and notes that Chrome and ChromeDriver major versions must match. Selenium 4 is compatible with Chrome 75 and later, according to that guide; compatibility still depends on using a matching driver and a functioning browser installation. See Selenium’s Chrome-specific documentation.
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The code uses --headless, a deliberate viewport size, driver.get(), explicit waits, and save_screenshot(). Selenium documents that save_screenshot() saves the current window to PNG and returns false if saving fails. It does not, by itself, promise a full-document capture. See the Python WebDriver API.
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Make sure Devanagari renders correctly
A PNG can be written successfully while Hindi text is still missing or malformed. The browser must have access to a font with Devanagari glyph coverage, either installed in the operating system or loaded by the page. Minimal Linux containers and CI images are common places to check font availability. There is no single font package established here as a universal fix for every Hindi website.
- Open the saved PNG and check for missing-glyph squares, disconnected vowel marks, unexpected fallback fonts, clipped text, and layout shifts.
- Wait for the page’s web fonts to load.
document.fonts.readyis a useful starting point, but it cannot ensure that every dynamically loaded component has finished rendering. - If content appears late, wait for a page-specific landmark or condition instead of relying only on
document.readyState. - When diagnosing a discrepancy, compare the result with headful Chrome on a known-good environment, and record the environment and viewport used.
Current Chrome Headless uses the same browser implementation as headful Chrome. Google describes the updated Headless mode as arriving in Chrome 112; since Chrome 132, the old Headless implementation is available only as the separate chrome-headless-shell binary. See Chrome Headless mode and the Headless Chrome shell documentation.
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Choose the right screenshot size and capture scope
The Selenium call above captures the current browser window, not automatically the entire page. The --window-size=1365,1200 argument sets a repeatable viewport; it does not guarantee that a long page will be captured from top to bottom. Check the output dimensions and visible content to confirm what was captured.
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Keep the browser environment reproducible
For a repeatable job, record the Chrome and ChromeDriver versions, operating-system or container image, available fonts, viewport, device scale factor if you control it, and target URL. Match the Chrome and ChromeDriver major versions as Selenium’s Chrome documentation advises. Verify the exact container image can launch Chrome and has suitable fonts; universal container flags or font-package names are not established by the cited documentation.
Government sites may have their own terms and service constraints. Check the specific site’s rules before repeated or authenticated capture. The Government of India’s GIGW portal provides government website and app guidance, including manuals, accessibility resources, and validation tools; that guidance does not determine whether a particular site permits automation.
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Use Chrome’s command line for a one-off capture
For a static page that needs no interaction or Selenium-specific waits, Chrome’s direct command-line screenshot option is simpler. Chrome documents that --screenshot saves a file named screenshot.png in the current working directory, and its CLI reference includes --window-size and --timeout.
chrome --headless --window-size=1365,1200 --timeout=5000 --screenshot https://example.gov.in/Replace the URL and confirm the installed Chrome binary’s command name for your system. Use Selenium instead when you need to interact with the page, wait for a site-specific condition, or integrate capture into a browser test suite. See Chrome’s Headless command-line reference.
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Troubleshoot common failures
- Chrome fails to start: Confirm Chrome is installed and runnable in the same environment as Selenium, then check that Chrome and ChromeDriver have matching major versions.
- The screenshot file is absent or saving returns false: Check that the output directory exists and is writable, and use an absolute path as in the example.
- Hindi appears as squares or broken marks: Check Devanagari font availability in the environment, wait for web fonts, and inspect the actual PNG rather than treating file creation as proof of correct rendering.
- The page is only partly loaded: Wait for a page-specific element or condition. Document readiness and font readiness do not necessarily cover delayed widgets or content loaded by later scripts.
- The bottom of the page is missing: The standard Selenium screenshot call captures the current window. Use a full-page capture technique designed for your browser or capture and stitch sections; verify the result.
- The output differs across machines: Compare Chrome version, driver version, fonts, operating-system image, viewport, and device scale factor. Change one variable at a time to identify the cause.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo provides a one-request screenshot API. It accepts an access key and URL and can return an image or PDF. For example, this cURL request saves a WebP capture of the target page:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.gov.in/ -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo documentation for request options. ScreenshotNeo says it removes cookie/consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are not billed. It also offers an MCP server so AI agents can take screenshots. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card required; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots. Learn more at ScreenshotNeo.
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FAQ
Does a saved PNG prove Hindi rendered correctly?
No. Inspect the image for missing or malformed Devanagari glyphs and layout problems.
Does Selenium’s ordinary screenshot method capture the full page?
No. It captures the current browser window; full-page capture requires a separate technique.
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