Quick wins for a faster PC:
Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Use Playwright to open each URL in a real browser, save a consistently named screenshot, and generate an HTML page that displays the images with captions and source links. Keep each original URL in a manifest beside its image so redirects, duplicate page titles, or repeated domains do not break the association.
What you need
- Node.js and a text file containing one URL per line, with each address including a scheme such as
https://. - Playwright and its browser runtime. The official Playwright Page API documents navigation, response information, and screenshot options.
- A local output folder where the screenshots and gallery HTML file will live together.
This example captures one viewport-sized PNG for each URL and creates gallery/index.html. It records navigation failures rather than stopping the whole batch. The gallery escapes URL text before inserting it into HTML.
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Set up the batch capture script
- Create a project and install Playwright:
npm init -y, thennpm install playwright. - Install the Chromium browser runtime with
npx playwright install chromium. - Save one URL per line in
urls.txt, for example:https://example.com https://www.wikipedia.org - Save the following as
capture-gallery.jsin the same directory.
const fs = require('node:fs/promises');
const path = require('node:path');
const { chromium } = require('playwright');
const inputPath = 'urls.txt';
const outputDir = 'gallery';
const width = 1365;
const height = 900;
const fullPage = false;
function escapeHtml(value) {
return String(value).replace(/[<>&"']/g, (char) => ({
'&': '&',
'<': '<',
'>': '>',
'"': '"',
"'": '''
})[char]);
}
function safeUrl(line) {
const url = new URL(line);
if (!['http:', 'https:'].includes(url.protocol)) {
throw new Error('Only http and https URLs are supported');
}
return url;
}
async function main() {
const lines = (await fs.readFile(inputPath, 'utf8'))
.split(/r?n/)
.map((line) => line.trim())
.filter(Boolean);
await fs.mkdir(outputDir, { recursive: true });
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const records = [];
try {
const page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width, height } });
for (const [index, input] of lines.entries()) {
const filename = `page-${String(index + 1).padStart(3, '0')}.png`;
const record = { input, filename, finalUrl: null, status: null, error: null };
try {
const url = safeUrl(input);
const response = await page.goto(url.href, {
waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded',
timeout: 30000
});
record.finalUrl = page.url();
record.status = response ? response.status() : null;
// Add a task-specific readiness check here if the page has delayed content.
await page.screenshot({
path: path.join(outputDir, filename),
fullPage
});
} catch (error) {
record.error = error.message;
}
records.push(record);
}
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
await fs.writeFile(path.join(outputDir, 'manifest.json'), JSON.stringify(records, null, 2));
const cards = records.map((record) => {
const source = escapeHtml(record.input);
const finalUrl = record.finalUrl ? escapeHtml(record.finalUrl) : '';
const status = record.status === null ? 'No response status recorded' : `HTTP ${record.status}`;
if (record.error) {
return `<article class="card failure"><h2>${source}</h2><p>Capture failed: ${escapeHtml(record.error)}</p></article>`;
}
return `<article class="card"><a href="${source}"><img src="${escapeHtml(record.filename)}" alt="Screenshot of ${source}" loading="lazy"></a><h2><a href="${source}">${source}</a></h2><p>${escapeHtml(status)}${finalUrl && finalUrl !== source ? ` · Final page: ${finalUrl}` : ''}</p></article>`;
}).join('n');
const html = `<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Screenshot gallery</title>
<style>
body { margin: 0; padding: 1.5rem; font: 16px/1.5 system-ui, sans-serif; color: #222; }
h1 { margin-top: 0; }
.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr)); gap: 1rem; }
.card { min-width: 0; padding: 1rem; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: .5rem; }
.card img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid #eee; }
.card h2 { overflow-wrap: anywhere; font-size: 1rem; }
.card p { overflow-wrap: anywhere; color: #555; font-size: .9rem; }
.failure { border-color: #b42318; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Screenshot gallery</h1>
<main class="grid">${cards}</main>
</body>
</html>`;
await fs.writeFile(path.join(outputDir, 'index.html'), html);
console.log(`Created ${path.join(outputDir, 'index.html')} for ${records.length} URL(s).`);
}
main().catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
process.exitCode = 1;
});Run it with node capture-gallery.js. Open gallery/index.html in a browser. Keep the HTML, manifest.json, and image files together when sharing the gallery; image references are relative paths.
Choose when the page is ready to capture
The sample waits for domcontentloaded, which indicates the initial document has been parsed; it does not guarantee every image, font, or delayed widget is ready. If a particular page needs time or a visible component to appear, add a targeted wait after navigation:
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await page.locator('.results-panel').waitFor({ state: 'visible', timeout: 10000 });Replace .results-panel with a selector that identifies the content relevant to your task. A fixed delay can work for a known site-specific delay, but it may waste time on fast pages and still be too short on slow ones. Playwright describes networkidle as 500 milliseconds without network connections and discourages using it as a general testing readiness signal; some pages keep connections active or render content later. See the Playwright Page API.
Pick viewport, full-page, and image settings
Viewport screenshots for comparison
The sample uses a 1365-by-900 CSS-pixel viewport and fullPage: false. A consistent viewport makes above-the-fold content easier to compare across sites and keeps gallery thumbnails a manageable shape.
Full-page screenshots for complete pages
Set fullPage to true in the script to capture the full scrollable page as if it fit on one very tall screen. Long screenshots can be unwieldy in a grid, so use them when the complete page matters rather than when side-by-side comparison is the priority. Playwright documents this behavior in its screenshot guide.
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Output format and scale
The example writes PNG files. Playwright also supports JPEG and WebP screenshots, with quality settings available for lossy formats; choose them when smaller files matter more than lossless output. Device scale settings can produce higher-resolution, larger files. Consult the current Playwright screenshot guide for option names and supported formats.
Keep records reliable across failures and redirects
The script assigns each input a numbered filename instead of using a page title or domain, avoiding collisions when titles repeat or several URLs share a host. The manifest stores the submitted address, resulting page URL when navigation succeeds, HTTP response status when available, and any error.
A navigation that returns HTTP 404 or 500 may still complete and yield a screenshot. Playwright’s Page API says The method will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 “Not Found” and 500 “Internal Server Error”.
Check record.status if only successful responses should count as usable captures. A redirect can also mean the final page URL differs from the input, which is why both are retained.
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Invalid addresses, SSL problems, unreachable hosts, and navigation timeouts can throw. In the example, those rows become visible failure cards and later URLs still run. Browser shutdown is in a finally block, so a capture error does not leave the launched browser open.
Security and sharing
- Use only URLs you are permitted to access. Treat authenticated pages and private content as sensitive, especially if the gallery will be shared publicly.
- Escape titles and URLs before inserting them into generated HTML. Do not place page-provided content into markup as trusted HTML.
- Keep the local gallery files together: the page uses relative image paths and will not contain the images themselves.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo can capture a URL with one request; its API documentation describes the available parameters and response behavior.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpFor a URL list, call the endpoint once per address and save each response under a distinct filename before building the same kind of HTML gallery. ScreenshotNeo removes cookie and consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; each cleanup step can be turned off. Bot checks and CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, and response headers identify the page verdict and billing status. Its MCP server includes screenshot tools for AI agents, and every plan includes the available features. The free plan includes 1,000 shots a month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots.
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Troubleshooting
The script rejects a URL
Each nonblank line must be a complete HTTP or HTTPS address, including the scheme. Check for missing https://, stray CSV separators, or text that is not a URL.
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domcontentloaded is only the initial document readiness point. Wait for a relevant selector or a site-specific condition before taking the screenshot. Avoid assuming that a generic network-idle wait guarantees that delayed visual content has rendered.
A screenshot is missing but the run continued
Open gallery/index.html to see the failure card and inspect gallery/manifest.json for the recorded error. Check whether the site is reachable from the machine running the script, whether the address is valid, and whether the navigation timeout needs adjustment.
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- Scanner type: Document
- Connectivity technology: USB
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- Digitize documents and images
The capture shows an error page or a not-found page
A valid HTTP error status does not necessarily throw from page.goto. Check the recorded HTTP status and decide whether to keep such screenshots or mark them as unsuccessful in your gallery.
The gallery image is broken after moving files
Keep each PNG beside index.html in the gallery directory, or update the relative paths generated by the script if you reorganize the output.
Performance and batch size
This script captures URLs sequentially using one page, which keeps the workflow simple and avoids opening many browser tabs at once. It does not establish a speed benchmark or an ideal concurrency level. For large lists, expect the run to depend on how quickly each site navigates and renders; use an explicit timeout and preserve per-URL records so one slow or unavailable site does not erase the rest of the batch. If you add parallel pages, limit concurrency deliberately and verify that your machine and target sites can handle it.
When to use Playwright or Puppeteer
Both libraries document navigating to a page and saving a screenshot. Choose based on the browser automation already used by your project, supported language and browser requirements, and dependencies you already maintain. The official Puppeteer screenshot guide provides its own screenshot workflow. The sources establish the core capture methods, not a performance winner.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use a CSV file instead of one URL per line?
Yes. Parse the CSV into URL records before the loop, retaining each row’s URL and any caption fields; keep the same escaping and unique filename approach when generating cards.
Can the gallery be opened offline?
Yes, if the HTML and screenshot image files are available locally together. The source links still require an internet connection to open their original pages.
Quick Recap
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