Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsUse Selenium’s Java API from Kotlin: open the page with ChromeDriver, cast the driver to TakesScreenshot, and save the returned temporary image file to a permanent path before the JVM exits.
Save a web page screenshot with Selenium in Kotlin
This example opens a page in Chrome and writes a PNG to ./image.png. It uses Selenium’s documented Kotlin workflow, with Java NIO to copy the temporary screenshot file.
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import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.io.File
import java.nio.file.Files
import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption
fun main() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
try {
driver.get("https://www.example.com")
val screenshot = (driver as TakesScreenshot)
.getScreenshotAs<File>(OutputType.FILE)
Files.copy(
screenshot.toPath(),
File("./image.png").toPath(),
StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING
)
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}Selenium’s Kotlin example likewise navigates, captures with TakesScreenshot, copies the result, and quits the driver. The imports and APIs are from Selenium’s Java API; the Kotlin syntax is usable in a Kotlin project with Selenium configured. See Selenium’s Kotlin screenshot example.
Why the temporary file must be copied
OutputType.FILE returns a temporary file. Selenium documents that it is deleted when the JVM exits, so copy it to your destination while the process is still running. The example replaces an existing image.png; change that path to a directory your process can write to. If your project already uses Apache Commons IO, Selenium’s example uses FileUtils.copyFile for the same persistence step. OutputType API reference.
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Choose the screenshot output type
Use the output representation that fits what the next step in your program needs:
| Output | Result | Use it when |
|---|---|---|
FILE |
Temporary image file | You want to copy or move the image to durable storage. |
BYTES |
ByteArray |
You want to process or store raw image bytes in memory. |
BASE64 |
Base64-encoded data | You need an encoded representation for transport or storage. |
For example, the return values can be assigned explicitly:
val file: File = (driver as TakesScreenshot)
.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE)
val bytes: ByteArray = (driver as TakesScreenshot)
.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES)
val base64: String = (driver as TakesScreenshot)
.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64)These forms are documented by Selenium’s OutputType API.
Capture the page, an element, or the full document
Current browsing context
The driver-level call captures the current browsing context. Do not assume it always means the entire scrollable document: Selenium’s API describes behavior according to whether the driver implementation conforms to the WebDriver specification, and notes browser-dependent best-effort behavior for implementations that do not. The actual result can depend on the driver and version your project runs. TakesScreenshot API reference.
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When you need just one element, use the screenshot capability on the WebElement rather than the driver. Selenium documents screenshot capture for both a driver and an HTML element in the same interface reference.
Full-page capture
For a complete scrollable page, check whether the browser driver you use offers a dedicated full-page method. Selenium’s Java API index lists FirefoxDriver.getFullPageScreenshotAs(OutputType) and HasFullPageScreenshot as a distinct Firefox full-page route. This does not establish a universal full-page API or compatibility across every browser and driver. Selenium OutputType usage index.
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Common problems and fixes
- The image disappears after the program ends: you kept the temporary
FILEresult instead of copying it. Copy it to the final path before JVM exit. - No image appears at the path you expected: confirm the destination path and that the process can write to it. The sample writes relative to the process’s working directory.
- The screenshot is missing content below the visible area: determine whether you need the current browsing context or the entire document, then use a full-page option supported by your driver. Do not treat the ordinary call as a universal full-page guarantee.
- The screenshot is of the wrong page or frame: navigate to the intended URL before capturing, and verify that the intended browsing context is active.
- The browser remains open after an error: keep
driver.quit()in afinallyblock so cleanup runs if capture or file copying fails.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo returns a screenshot or PDF from one GET request, without requiring you to start a Selenium browser for this capture. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use the screenshot bytes without saving a file?
Yes. Assign OutputType.BYTES to a ByteArray and pass those bytes to your in-memory processing or storage code.
Does Selenium’s standard screenshot call always capture a full web page?
No. Full-page behavior depends on the driver implementation; check for a dedicated method supported by the browser driver you run.
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