To loop a folder of product demo videos on YouTube Live, list the clips in playback order in an FFmpeg concat-demuxer file, then use -stream_loop -1 on that input to repeat the sequence indefinitely. Encode the combined output, send it to the RTMPS URL and stream key shown in YouTube Live Control Room, and verify the preview and stream health before leaving it unattended.
What you need before starting
- An FFmpeg build that includes the concat demuxer, your selected encoders and RTMPS support. Check the local build with
ffmpeg -version; if needed, inspect protocols and encoders withffmpeg -protocolsandffmpeg -encoders. Available components depend on the package you installed. - A folder of clips with compatible audio and video streams, codecs and time bases. The concat demuxer treats them as one virtual input, so mismatches or inaccurate durations can cause transition artifacts. See the FFmpeg Formats Documentation.
- A YouTube live event and its stream URL and key, available in Live Control Room. Keep the key private, like a password. YouTube’s encoder setup instructions explain where to find the connection details.
Prepare the playlist in playback order
Create a plain-text file named videos.txt beside the video clips. Put the header on the first line exactly as shown, then add one file line for each clip:
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ffconcat version 1.0
file 'demo-01.mp4'
file 'demo-02.mp4'
file 'demo-03.mp4'Paths are interpreted relative to the playlist file when written this way. Filenames with spaces or special characters need correct quoting or escaping. The concat demuxer applies safe-path checks by default; -safe 0 permits paths it would otherwise reject. Use that option only with a playlist you control, not an untrusted file. The required header and path rules are documented in FFmpeg’s concat demuxer reference.
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In YouTube Live Control Room, create or open the event and copy its RTMPS server URL and stream key. YouTube may show an ordinary RTMP URL by default; explicitly select or reveal the RTMPS URL if you intend to use encrypted transport. YouTube describes RTMPS as RTMP over TLS/SSL and recommends it in its RTMPS guidance.
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Use the current YouTube encoder settings page to select bitrate for your resolution, frame rate and codec rather than treating an example bitrate as universal. YouTube lists H.264, H.265/HEVC and AV1, supports up to 60 fps, recommends CBR, and specifies AAC or MP3 for audio. Its recommended keyframe interval is two seconds, with four seconds as the maximum. See YouTube’s live encoder settings.
The command below uses H.264, 30 fps, a two-second GOP and a 4,500 kb/s video bitrate as an illustrative starting configuration—not an official Google command or a tested setting for your files or connection. Adjust resolution and bitrate to YouTube’s current table and your reliable upload capacity. H.264 is a conventional compatibility choice; other listed codecs depend on your FFmpeg build and ingest path.
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Run FFmpeg and loop the sequence
Set the environment variables to the exact RTMPS URL and key provided for your event. Check whether YouTube’s URL already includes a path or expects the key appended; do not append it twice. This example assumes the key follows the URL after a slash:
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export YOUTUBE_STREAM_KEY='PASTE_THE_PRIVATE_STREAM_KEY_HERE'
ffmpeg -re -stream_loop -1 -f concat -safe 0 -i videos.txt
-c:v libx264 -preset veryfast -pix_fmt yuv420p
-r 30 -g 60 -keyint_min 60 -sc_threshold 0
-b:v 4500k -maxrate 4500k -bufsize 9000k
-c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100
-f flv "$YOUTUBE_RTMPS_URL/$YOUTUBE_STREAM_KEY"-stream_loop -1 belongs before the input it loops; -1 means repeat indefinitely. -re paces file input in real time. These option behaviors are described in the FFmpeg documentation. The command depends on your installed FFmpeg build providing libx264 and RTMPS support.
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If your clips have no audio stream, remove the audio output options or deliberately add a silent audio source, then validate the result on your installed build. If the clips do not have matching streams or time bases, standardize them first or build a filter-based pipeline suited to the actual files; this concat command cannot make incompatible inputs identical.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Test the event and monitor it
- Start FFmpeg and watch Live Control Room for the incoming preview. Check that picture, audio and transitions are correct.
- For a scheduled event, click Go live after the preview appears unless the event’s auto-start settings handle that action. See YouTube’s encoder instructions.
- Keep an eye on stream health while the loop runs. When finished, end the YouTube event and stop FFmpeg.
YouTube says streams shorter than 12 hours are automatically archived; consult its encoder instructions for the current archive behavior. Do not assume an indefinitely running stream will be preserved as one archive.
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Common problems and fixes
- Playlist fails to open: Check that
ffconcat version 1.0is the exact first line, filenames and relative paths are correct, and quoting is valid. Use-safe 0only for a playlist you created and trust. - Visible or audible glitches at clip boundaries: Confirm that all files have compatible streams, codecs and time bases, and that their durations are accurate. Standardize mismatched clips before concatenating.
- FFmpeg reports an unknown encoder or protocol: The installed build may lack
libx264, another selected encoder, or RTMPS support. Inspectffmpeg -encodersandffmpeg -protocols, then install a build that includes the needed components. - YouTube does not receive the stream: Re-copy the current RTMPS URL and key from Live Control Room, verify the URL/key arrangement, and ensure the key has not been revoked or mistyped. Never post it in a screenshot or commit it to a repository.
- Preview appears but YouTube reports stream-health issues: Check the selected resolution and bitrate against YouTube’s current recommendations and confirm that your upload connection can sustain the output. Reduce the output bitrate or resolution if it cannot.
- A scheduled stream remains in preview: Check whether the event requires you to click Go live after the incoming preview appears.
Copyright and product-demo content
Only stream video, music, narration and other material you have permission to use. A product demonstration can still contain copyrighted background music, footage, artwork or third-party material. A technical setup does not establish rights to the content; review YouTube’s applicable policies and your permissions before looping a recording.
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