The Tool Desk
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What WordPress needs before you create a database
WordPress stores posts, pages, users, settings, comments, plugin data, and other structured information in MySQL or MariaDB. The web files and the database are separate parts of the installation: uploading WordPress without preparing its database leaves the installer nowhere to save site data.
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WordPress Developer Resources’ current before-install guidance, updated October 14, 2026, lists these baseline requirements:
| Requirement | Minimum or condition | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| PHP | 7.4 or greater | WordPress and many current plugins require a supported PHP runtime. |
| Database server | MySQL 5.7 or greater, or MariaDB 10.3 or greater | The WordPress database schema and queries must run on a supported server version. |
| HTTPS | HTTPS support for the domain | It protects administrator logins, cookies, and data in transit. |
| Database account | A database plus a user that can access it | WordPress needs credentials to create and modify its tables. |
Check the PHP and database versions in your hosting panel or ask the provider before starting. On shared hosting, the provider may create the server and restrict which database names, users, and hosts you can use.
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Choose a database setup route
You can create the database through a hosting control panel, with the MySQL command-line client, or with WP-CLI. All three routes produce the same result, but they differ in control and in how much the provider automates.
| Route | Best for | What you supply | Important limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hosting control panel | Most shared-hosting installations | Database name, user name, password, and selected database | The panel may prepend your account name and may hide the actual database host. |
| MySQL client | VPS, dedicated servers, and administrators comfortable with SQL | SQL statements and the provider’s host value | You need permission to create databases and users on the server. |
| WP-CLI | Repeatable deployments where WordPress files and configuration already exist | A usable wp-config.php and a MySQL account allowed to create the database |
wp db create cannot overcome missing server privileges. |
A provider-managed panel is usually quickest for one site. SQL is more explicit and easier to reproduce. WP-CLI is useful when you provision several environments from scripts.
Create the database in a hosting control panel
Control panels use different wording, but the sequence is consistent. cPanel, Plesk, and DirectAdmin commonly provide a MySQL or database section.
- Open the database tool. Sign in to the hosting panel and choose its MySQL databases, databases, or database-management page.
- Create a database. Enter a short, descriptive name. Shared hosts often add your account username as a prefix, so a name entered as
sitemay become something likeaccount_site. Record the final name shown by the panel, not just the text you typed. - Create a database user. Give WordPress a separate user rather than reusing a control-panel or application-wide account. Generate a long, unique password and save it in a password manager.
- Assign the user to the database. Use the panel’s Add User to Database, Assign, or equivalent action. Select the database you just created and grant the permissions offered by the panel. During initial installation, the account must be able to create and modify WordPress tables; some panels expose this as all privileges.
- Record the connection values. Write down the exact database name, user name, password, and database host. The host is often
localhost, but the provider may specify a remote hostname instead.
Do not assume that the panel login name is the MySQL user name. Prefixes, capitalization, and provider-specific hostnames are common sources of a failed connection.
Create the database with SQL
If you have a MySQL account with permission to create databases and users, connect with the MySQL client supplied by your server or hosting provider. Replace every placeholder with your own value:
CREATE DATABASE databasename;
CREATE USER 'wordpressusername'@'hostname' IDENTIFIED BY 'strong-password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON databasename.* TO 'wordpressusername'@'hostname';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;The hostname in both statements must match the host from which WordPress connects. localhost is common when PHP and MySQL run on the same server, but it is not universal. A managed service may provide a DNS name, and a separate web server may need a specific client host or network range. Use the value supplied by the provider rather than guessing.
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Choose a database name that does not contain spaces. Keep the password unique to this database user. The GRANT statement applies privileges to every table in databasename; the account cannot use that grant for another database unless you add another grant.
Some servers automatically reload privilege tables, but FLUSH PRIVILEGES makes the change explicit. If CREATE USER or GRANT returns an access-denied error, your hosting account is not allowed to administer users; use the provider’s database panel or request the provider’s assistance.
Choose the database character set and collation
WordPress’s database guidance recommends the utf8 series and suggests utf8mb4_general_ci when an appropriate language-specific option is unavailable. In a control panel, select the closest UTF-8 or utf8mb4 option exposed by the host. If the panel does not offer a choice, the server default may be used.
Character set controls which characters can be stored; collation controls comparison and sorting rules. A language-specific collation can be preferable when your site has a particular linguistic requirement. Do not change these settings casually after tables contain data: changing them later can affect indexes, sorting, or stored text.
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WordPress reads its database connection from the file wp-config.php in the WordPress directory. Before editing, copy wp-config-sample.php to wp-config.php or rename the sample file. Set the four connection constants to the values recorded during database creation:
define( 'DB_NAME', 'database_name_here' );
define( 'DB_USER', 'username_here' );
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'password_here' );
define( 'DB_HOST', 'localhost' );- DB_NAME: enter the complete database name, including any hosting-account prefix.
- DB_USER: enter the complete MySQL user name, including any prefix.
- DB_PASSWORD: enter the exact password. Do not add an extra space before or after it.
- DB_HOST: enter the host supplied by the provider. Use
localhostonly when that is the correct value.
DB_HOST can include a non-default port or a Unix socket path when the server requires one. A port is commonly written as database.example.net:3307. A socket configuration uses the host format documented by the provider, such as a local host followed by the socket path. If you do not know which form applies, ask the host for the exact WordPress database-host value instead of trying random ports.
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The sample file also contains DB_CHARSET and DB_COLLATE. Leave those defaults unchanged unless you understand the consequences of changing them and have a specific encoding requirement. Keep the file outside public downloads where possible and set file permissions according to your host’s WordPress security guidance.
Use a separate table prefix when appropriate
The $table_prefix setting in wp-config.php determines the names WordPress gives its tables. A normal single-site installation can use the default prefix, while several sites sharing one database must each use a unique prefix so their tables do not collide.
For a shared database, assign a distinct prefix to every installation, such as siteone_ and sitetwo_. The prefix is not a substitute for separate database users or proper permissions: it only separates table names. A separate database per site is easier to administer and back up when your hosting plan permits it.
Upload WordPress and run the installer
After the database credentials are ready, upload the WordPress files to the domain’s document root or to a chosen subdirectory. Make sure the web server can read the files and that the domain points to that directory.
- Open
https://example.com/wp-admin/install.phpfor a root installation, replacing the domain with yours. - For a subdirectory installation, open the corresponding path, such as
https://example.com/blog/wp-admin/install.php. - Enter the site title, administrator username, administrator password, and administrator email requested by the installer.
- Submit the form and sign in at the administration URL when WordPress finishes creating its tables.
If wp-config.php is missing, WordPress can display a form asking for the database details and attempt to create the file. The web server must be able to write the WordPress directory for that automatic step. Creating and editing the file yourself is more predictable, especially on locked-down hosting.
Use WP-CLI to create the database
WP-CLI’s wp db create command runs a CREATE DATABASE statement using DB_HOST, DB_NAME, DB_USER, and DB_PASSWORD loaded from wp-config.php. From the WordPress directory, run:
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$ wp db create
Success: Database created.This command is useful when the MySQL account has database-creation rights and the configuration already contains the correct host and credentials. It does not create a user or grant privileges, so perform those steps first when necessary. If the command reports access denied, check the account’s server privileges or create the database through the provider’s panel.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Set privileges for normal operation
WordPress Developer Resources’ hardening guidance states that normal operations—publishing posts, uploading media, accepting comments, creating WordPress users, and installing plugins—need data read and write privileges: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
Initial installation and some maintenance tasks also change the schema. Creating tables, altering columns, or running a major update can require privileges such as CREATE, ALTER, INDEX, or DROP. A practical least-privilege workflow is:
- Grant the permissions required to create the initial WordPress schema.
- Finish installation and confirm the site works.
- Reduce the account to the normal data privileges when your operational process allows it.
- Temporarily restore the additional schema privileges before a plugin installation or core update that needs them.
- Remove the temporary privileges after the change and test the site.
Coordinate this with your host: some shared plans do not allow granular grants, and some update mechanisms expect the WordPress account to retain schema privileges. Never remove permissions blindly on a production site; take a database backup and verify the exact update requirements first.
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Troubleshoot a database connection error
When the installer says it cannot establish a database connection, work through the values and the server in this order.
Verify all four constants
Open wp-config.php and compare DB_NAME, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, and DB_HOST character by character with the values shown by your host. Check prefixes, capitalization, punctuation, and accidental whitespace. A password that works in the hosting panel is not necessarily the same as the MySQL password if you changed one after assigning the user.
Confirm that the user is assigned to this database
In the control panel, verify that the WordPress user is attached to the exact database named in DB_NAME. With SQL, inspect the grant for the same user-and-host combination used in CREATE USER. A grant for 'wordpressusername'@'localhost' does not automatically apply to 'wordpressusername'@'webserver.example'.
Check the host, port, and socket
If the provider uses a remote database server, replace localhost with its hostname. If MySQL listens on a non-default port or requires a Unix socket, include that information in DB_HOST using the syntax documented by the provider. A correct user and password still fail when the connection is sent to the wrong server.
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On a self-managed server, check the MySQL or MariaDB service status and its error log. On shared hosting, contact the provider if the service is unavailable. A stopped server, exhausted connection limit, or maintenance outage cannot be fixed by editing WordPress credentials.
Test outside WordPress
From the same server that runs PHP, use the MySQL client with the recorded host, user, and database. If the client cannot log in, solve the server, account, or network problem first. If the client connects but WordPress does not, inspect the PHP runtime, the exact wp-config.php location, and whether another configuration file is being loaded.
Separate connection errors from permission errors
A message that WordPress can connect but cannot create or alter a table indicates a grant problem rather than a bad password. Recheck the user’s privileges on databasename.* and temporarily grant the schema rights required for installation or the specific update.
Post-installation checks and maintenance
- Log in to the WordPress dashboard and open a page to confirm reads and writes work.
- Create a test post, upload a small image, and delete the test content to exercise the normal data privileges.
- Confirm that HTTPS is active for both the public site and the administration area.
- Take a database backup before core, plugin, or theme updates.
- Keep the database password out of public repositories, screenshots, support tickets, and client-side code.
- Document the database name, user, host, port or socket, table prefix, and backup location for future migrations.
- Review privileges after migrations and temporary maintenance work so unused schema permissions are not left permanently enabled.
A successful installation is the combination of a reachable MySQL or MariaDB server, an existing database, a user granted access to that database, and matching values in wp-config.php. If any one of those four pieces differs, WordPress cannot complete its setup.
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