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To self-host Redmine on Ubuntu, first pin a Redmine release and its supported Ruby and database versions, then install Redmine from source, configure a least-privilege database account, run the production bundle and migrations, generate Rails’ secret token, and verify the application locally. Add Gmail’s SMTP settings to config/configuration.yml, restart Redmine, and send a test notification before publishing the service behind a TLS-enabled web server.
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Choose a compatible stack before installing anything
Redmine’s current installation documentation covers Redmine 6.0 and higher. Start with that release documentation rather than copying an Ubuntu tutorial written for an earlier branch. Record four decisions in your deployment notes:
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- The exact Redmine release, such as the latest maintenance release in the 6.0 series.
- The Ubuntu release running on the server.
- The Ruby version supported by that Redmine release.
- The database engine and supported version, normally PostgreSQL or MySQL.
Redmine’s compatibility matrix ties Ruby, Rails and database support to each Redmine branch. A Ruby package that happens to be available in Ubuntu’s default repositories is not automatically suitable. If the versions do not match, Bundler may fail, native extensions may not compile, or the application may boot with errors that look like database or web-server problems.
Use a dedicated Ubuntu server or virtual machine, a DNS name if the site will be public, SSH access with administrative privileges, and enough storage for uploaded files, logs and database backups. Create a separate operating-system account for the Redmine process instead of running the application as root.
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Decide how you will deploy and serve Redmine
| Choice | Best fit | Important trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| Manual source installation | Administrators who need a current release and control over Ruby, gems and upgrades | You own dependency, service and upgrade maintenance |
| Ubuntu package installation | Teams that value distribution-managed files and familiar package updates | Packages can lag behind current Redmine releases; paths and service defaults differ from source installs |
| Puma behind a reverse proxy | New deployments using a modern application-server arrangement | You must configure the proxy, TLS, headers, process supervision and restart handling |
| Apache with Passenger | Sites already standardized on Apache and Passenger | Passenger, Apache modules and the application user must be aligned with the Redmine release |
The commands below describe a source deployment. Ubuntu package installations may use paths such as /usr/share/redmine and configuration under /etc/redmine; those paths come from older Ubuntu packaging conventions and should not be assumed for a current source checkout.
Prepare Ubuntu, Ruby and the database
Install build and runtime prerequisites
Update Ubuntu and install the compiler toolchain, Git, the database client development headers, an appropriate JavaScript runtime or asset tool required by your selected Redmine release, and the Ruby version specified by Redmine’s compatibility table. Install Bundler in the manner recommended for that Ruby version. Do not force a newer Ruby merely because it is the newest package in Ubuntu.
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sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install git build-essentialThe exact package names for database headers and JavaScript tooling vary by Ubuntu release and database choice. Add the PostgreSQL or MySQL client development package that corresponds to the server you selected, then confirm the versions before running Bundler.
Create a least-privilege database and account
Create a database used only by Redmine and an application account that has rights to that database. Do not use the database administrator account in config/database.yml. The following SQL illustrates the principle; choose a long, randomly generated password and store it in your deployment secret store.
CREATE USER redmine_app WITH PASSWORD 'use-a-long-random-secret';
CREATE DATABASE redmine_production OWNER redmine_app;For MySQL, create the account with privileges limited to the Redmine database and use the character set recommended by your Redmine release. For either engine, restrict network access so the database is not exposed publicly unless your architecture requires it.
Download Redmine and configure the production database
Place the application in a controlled directory
Download the archive or clone the exact Redmine tag you selected, and place it in a stable directory such as /opt/redmine. Keep the release identifier in the directory name or in your deployment notes so an upgrade can be reproduced. The account that runs Redmine should own the application files it must modify, while deployment-only files can remain owned by an administrator.
Edit config/database.yml
Redmine uses this file to select the database adapter gem as well as the connection details. Define the production section; do not accidentally put the settings only under development or test.
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production:
adapter: postgresql
database: redmine_production
host: 127.0.0.1
username: redmine_app
password: "use-a-long-random-secret"
encoding: utf8
pool: 10For MySQL, use the mysql2 adapter and the connection values appropriate to your server:
production:
adapter: mysql2
database: redmine_production
host: 127.0.0.1
username: redmine_app
password: "use-a-long-random-secret"
encoding: utf8mb4
pool: 10
variables:
transaction_isolation: "READ-COMMITTED"Redmine 5.1.1 and later requires READ-COMMITTED transaction isolation for MySQL deployments. Set it explicitly as shown, or verify that the server and connection defaults provide the same isolation. Without it, migrations or normal requests can fail even when the credentials are correct.
Protect this file because it contains a database password. Use restrictive permissions and avoid committing it to a public Git repository.
Install production gems and initialize Redmine
Install only the production dependency groups
From the Redmine directory, tell Bundler to omit development and test groups, then install the dependencies. Running Bundler from the Ruby version selected for the Redmine release is essential.
cd /opt/redmine
bundle config set --local without 'development test'
bundle installIf Bundler reports that a gem cannot be built, check the Ruby version, compiler and database development headers before trying random gem versions. Changing a gem by hand can create a combination that the Redmine release does not support.
Generate the Rails secret token
Redmine signs sessions and other application data with a Rails secret. Generate it once for this installation:
bundle exec rake generate_secret_tokenKeep the generated secret when restarting or upgrading the same installation. Replacing it unexpectedly can invalidate existing sessions and other signed data.
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Run migrations and load the default data
With the database reachable, initialize the production schema and load Redmine’s default data:
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake redmine:load_default_dataThe default-data task asks for a language in interactive installations. If a migration fails, fix the underlying Ruby, adapter or database issue and rerun it; do not skip migrations to make the web process start.
Set writable directories
The Redmine runtime user must be able to write the files, log, tmp and public/assets directories. A typical source deployment uses ownership rather than world-writable permissions:
sudo chown -R redmine:redmine /opt/redmine/files /opt/redmine/log /opt/redmine/tmp /opt/redmine/public/assets
sudo chmod -R u+rwX,go-rwx /opt/redmine/files /opt/redmine/log /opt/redmine/tmp /opt/redmine/public/assetsReplace the user and path with the account and directory used by your service. If uploads fail while pages load, check these four directories first.
Perform the local smoke test before exposing Redmine
Run Redmine on loopback while you are still troubleshooting the application itself:
cd /opt/redmine
ruby bin/rails server -e production -b 127.0.0.1 -p 3000On the server, open http://localhost:3000/ with a text browser or use an SSH tunnel from your workstation. The expected result is the Redmine welcome page. This test separates Rails, Ruby, Bundler and database problems from reverse-proxy, DNS and firewall problems.
Redmine documents the initial credentials as admin and admin. Sign in and change that password immediately, before making the service reachable from a network. Create named administrator accounts for ongoing work and reserve the built-in account for recovery.
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Stop the foreground server after the test. For production, supervise the application with your service manager and bind it only to the interface used by the reverse proxy. A typical service command is equivalent to:
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Put Redmine behind a web server and TLS
Do not publish the development-style Rails listener directly to the Internet. Place it behind a properly configured web server or reverse proxy that terminates TLS, forwards the original host and protocol, limits request sizes appropriately for attachments, and serves only the intended hostname.
Puma with a reverse proxy
Run Redmine’s application server on loopback and proxy HTTPS requests to it. Configure the proxy’s timeout and upload limits for the size of files your projects use. Forward the HTTPS scheme so Redmine generates secure links and notification URLs correctly. Reload the proxy after validating its configuration, then restart Redmine whenever application configuration changes.
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Apache and Passenger
Apache with Passenger can integrate Redmine into an existing Apache estate. Older Ubuntu HowTo instructions use /usr/share/redmine, symlink the public directory and restart Apache, but those examples target older package and Redmine branches. Use them only as historical deployment patterns: verify the Passenger-supported Ruby, application path, runtime user and asset permissions against your selected release before applying any command.
Configure Gmail SMTP in Redmine
Use the production section in config/configuration.yml
Redmine’s SMTP settings belong in config/configuration.yml, not in environment.rb. Add them under production:
production:
delivery_method: :smtp
smtp_settings:
enable_starttls_auto: true
address: "smtp.gmail.com"
port: 587
domain: "smtp.gmail.com"
authentication: :plain
user_name: "[email protected]"
password: "your_password"This is a template, not a real credential. Use the Gmail or Google Workspace account authorized to send the notifications, and store the password or app-specific credential through your deployment’s secret-management process whenever possible. Restrict the configuration file so other local users cannot read it.
In Redmine’s administration interface, set the notification sender address to an address the Gmail account is allowed to use. Gmail may reject mail when the authenticated account is not authorized to send as the configured From address. Account security policies can also require an app-specific credential or another approved authentication method; follow the policy for that Google account rather than repeatedly retrying a blocked password.
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Redmine reads SMTP settings when the application starts. Restart the Redmine service after editing config/configuration.yml; changing the file while an old process is running does not reload the settings. The Redmine installation guide explicitly warns to restart the application after changes to this file.
Google Workspace SMTP relay
Organizations that centralize outbound mail can use smtp-relay.gmail.com on port 587 instead of the account-level Gmail host. Workspace administrators must configure the relay policy, permitted sender addresses, authentication requirements and TLS rules in the Google Admin console. Relay has larger sending limits according to Redmine’s email-configuration documentation, but it is not a drop-in replacement: a policy mismatch produces authentication or relay-denied errors even when the Redmine YAML is syntactically correct.
Send and verify a real notification
- Confirm the application is running the
productionenvironment and that the restarted process has the new configuration. - In Redmine administration, verify the sender address and enable email notifications for a test user.
- Create a small test project or issue and perform an action that should notify the test account.
- Watch the Redmine production log while sending. Look for an SMTP connection, authentication result and final delivery response.
- Check the recipient’s inbox and spam folder, then inspect Gmail or Workspace mail logs if the message left Redmine but did not arrive.
A successful SMTP connection proves that Redmine handed the message to Google; it does not guarantee inbox placement. Domain authentication, recipient filtering and organizational policies can still affect delivery.
Troubleshoot the failures that occur most often
Redmine will not boot after installation
- Compare the running Ruby version with the exact Redmine release compatibility table.
- Run
bundle installagain from the same Ruby environment used by the service. - Check that the production database adapter in
database.ymlmatches the selected engine and that its client headers were installed. - Read the first exception in the production log rather than the final web-server error, which is often only a proxy symptom.
The database connection or migration fails on MySQL
Verify hostname, database name, account privileges and password first. On Redmine 5.1.1 and later, confirm that the connection uses READ-COMMITTED transaction isolation. A server-wide default may not apply to the Redmine connection, so the variables block in database.yml is the safer explicit setting.
Pages load but no email is sent
- Confirm the SMTP block is under
productioninconfig/configuration.yml. - Use
smtp.gmail.com, port587, STARTTLS and plain authentication for direct Gmail SMTP. - Check that the username, credential and From address are authorized by Gmail or Workspace.
- Restart Redmine after every edit.
- Check the production log for DNS, timeout, TLS and authentication errors separately.
Google reports authentication or relay denial
For direct Gmail, verify that the account is permitted to use SMTP and that its security policy accepts the credential type. For Workspace relay, ask an administrator to verify the source IP or authentication rule, allowed sender domains, TLS requirement and relay scope. Switching hosts without correcting the policy will not solve the denial.
Uploads, assets or logs fail with permission errors
Ensure the runtime user owns files, log, tmp and public/assets, and that the reverse proxy is not pointing at a different checkout. Avoid making the entire application world-writable; fix ownership on the directories that need runtime writes.
The public site fails while localhost works
Return to the local Puma smoke test. If it succeeds, inspect the reverse proxy’s upstream address, TLS certificate, forwarded headers, firewall and DNS. This staged approach prevents you from debugging two independent layers at once.
Operate and upgrade the installation safely
- Back up the Redmine database and the
filesdirectory; attachments are not contained in the database backup. - Keep
config/database.yml,config/configuration.ymland the generated secret outside public source control. - Record the Redmine, Ruby, Rails, Bundler, database and operating-system versions before each upgrade.
- Test a new Redmine release on a staging copy, run migrations there, and verify SMTP before changing production.
- Schedule a maintenance window for migrations and restart both the application and any process manager that caches the old Ruby environment.
- Monitor disk space, log growth, database availability, certificate expiry and failed notification rates.
When moving between major Redmine branches, read that branch’s installation and upgrade instructions rather than assuming that an existing bundle or database schema can be reused unchanged.
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| Decision | Choose this when | Watch for |
|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | Your team already operates PostgreSQL and has compatible backup and monitoring tools | Use the adapter and server version listed for your Redmine release |
| MySQL | MySQL is the established platform in your organization | Redmine 5.1.1 and later requires READ-COMMITTED isolation |
| Direct Gmail SMTP | A single project or small installation needs straightforward account-level sending | Sender authorization, account security policy and per-account limits apply |
| Google Workspace relay | An organization centrally manages senders or needs larger relay limits | Relay policy, authentication, TLS and allowed senders must all match |
| Source install with Puma | You want a current Redmine release and control over the runtime | You maintain Ruby, gems, service supervision and reverse-proxy configuration |
| Distribution package with Apache/Passenger | Your operations team standardizes on Ubuntu packages and Apache | Package versions and filesystem paths may reflect older Redmine branches |
The reliable sequence is consistent: match versions first, configure the database, install and initialize Redmine, verify it on localhost, publish it through a secured web server, then configure and test Gmail SMTP. Keeping those stages separate makes failures diagnosable and prevents an email or proxy problem from hiding a broken application install.
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