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To secure n8n, protect both the instance and the services its workflows can reach: use HTTPS, limit who can access and edit workflows, review credential exposure through sharing, and run n8n’s security audit regularly. Self-hosted operators must also manage transport and storage security; n8n Cloud handles those infrastructure controls for its service.
Put self-hosted n8n behind HTTPS
For a self-hosted instance, n8n recommends placing a reverse proxy—such as Traefik or a Network Load Balancer—in front of n8n to handle TLS. Configure the proxy to serve the instance over HTTPS and arrange certificate renewal there. See n8n’s SSL setup documentation.
n8n also documents passing a certificate and key directly to the application. With that arrangement, you are responsible for keeping the certificate current and renewed. Neither approach is universally best: choose based on your deployment and who will maintain the TLS endpoint.
HTTPS protects data in transit between users or integrations and the instance. It does not, by itself, encrypt stored data. n8n says self-hosters must handle encryption at rest—for example, by using encrypted storage for n8n and its database. The security statement’s description of managed TLS and encrypted storage applies to n8n Cloud, not automatically to self-hosted installations: n8n Security.
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Limit account access and understand two-factor enforcement
Give people only the access their work requires, and pay particular attention to who can edit or run workflows. Instance-wide security controls vary by plan and authentication method. n8n documents a setting to enforce two-factor authentication for users who sign in with email and password; that enforcement does not apply to SAML or OIDC single sign-on logins.
The documented enforcement control is listed for n8n Cloud Enterprise and self-hosted Business and Enterprise, and some security controls require specific licensed features. Check the current security policies documentation for your plan before relying on an instance-wide requirement. If users authenticate through SSO, review the identity provider’s authentication policies separately.
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Treat workflow sharing as credential access
Sharing a workflow can expose more than its canvas and logic. n8n states that editors of a shared workflow can use all credentials used by that workflow, including credentials that were not explicitly shared with them. In practice, sharing may give an editor the ability to operate the connected services through that workflow.
Before sharing, review the workflow’s connected accounts and decide whether each recipient should be able to use them. Limit editor permissions to people who need to change or operate the workflow, and revisit access when responsibilities change. See n8n’s workflow-sharing documentation.
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Run the security audit and investigate its findings
n8n’s built-in security audit checks for common issues; it is a recurring review aid, not proof that an instance is secure or a substitute for a penetration test. The report covers credentials; database-query expressions and parameters; file-system interactions; built-in risky, community, and custom nodes; and instance issues. The instance findings can include unprotected webhooks, missing security settings, and whether the instance is outdated.
The audit can also flag unused credentials, credentials unused in active workflows, and credentials not used in recently active workflows. Review each finding in context: remove credentials that are no longer needed, and investigate flagged workflows or nodes before deciding how to address them.
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Run the audit using any of these documented methods:
- In a terminal for the n8n instance, run
n8n audit. - Send an authenticated
POSTrequest to/auditas the instance owner. - Use the n8n node’s Audit resource and Generate operation.
For report scope and setup details, see the security audit documentation. Treat an unprotected-webhook finding as a prompt to inspect that endpoint’s intended access and protection, rather than assuming the audit has assessed every possible exposure.
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n8n’s security overview also identifies controls such as SSO, encryption-key rotation, task-runner hardening, execution-data redaction, disabling the public API, blocking specific nodes, SSRF protection, and restricting account registration to email-verified users. Which controls apply depends on the deployment and available features. Consult the current n8n security guide for the relevant configuration and availability.
If you use source control environments, keep the repository private unless you intend its contents to be public. n8n warns that workflows, tags, variable stubs, and credential stubs may otherwise be exposed. Its guidance is at Create environments with source control.
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