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Freedom251 › Blog › Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam

How to Save Daily Screenshots of an Indian Website as Evidence of Changes

By Freedom251 Team · · 6 min read

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Save the same page each day using a consistent capture method, preserve each untouched original, and log when and how it was captured. A SHA-256 hash can help show a file has not changed since the hash was made, but it does not prove when the screenshot was taken, where it came from, or that its contents are true. In an Indian legal proceeding, screenshots may also need to meet the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA), including the applicable certificate requirements; screenshots alone do not guarantee admissibility.

Set up a repeatable daily capture

Fix the page and capture conditions

Choose the exact URL and a daily capture time. Use the same browser or capture method, viewport, and approximate time each day when possible. Consistent conditions make visual differences easier to interpret; they cannot eliminate changes caused by personalization, experiments, geolocation, or other dynamic page behavior.

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Record the requested URL and the final URL after any redirects. Keep a note of the browser or capture tool and version if known, device or computer, viewport dimensions, operator, date and time, and time zone. Record errors, redirects, unavailable pages, and unusual content rather than silently omitting a day.

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Capture the relevant page area

A viewport screenshot records what was visible in the browser window; a full-page capture can include content farther down a long page. If a change may occur below the fold, save a full-page image or clearly labeled captures of the relevant sections as well as the viewport when useful. Note whether pop-ups, cookie banners, dynamic content, or personalization affected the result. If your workflow also produces source or rendered-page data, preserve it separately; an image may not retain that context.

Preserve originals and document each file

Use clear filenames and a contemporaneous log

Save original image files without cropping, annotating, or otherwise modifying them. A sortable UTC timestamp is one possible naming convention, such as 2026-10-03T21-29-29Z.png. This naming convention is not a trusted timestamp. If local time matters, record the local time and time zone in the log too.

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For each capture, keep a log entry with:

  • Filename and requested URL, plus the final URL after redirects.
  • Capture date and time, including time zone.
  • Capture method or tool and version if known; browser, device or computer, and viewport.
  • Operator and relevant page state, including errors, failed loads, pop-ups, or other deviations.
  • Whether the image is a viewport capture, a full-page capture, or a labeled section.

This is practical provenance documentation, not a daily log prescribed by the BSA.

Make and retain a hash manifest

Compute a SHA-256 digest for each original file and record the filename, digest, algorithm, time the digest was created, and operator in a manifest. Preserve the manifest with the images. A matching digest can help establish that a file has not changed since the digest was recorded. It does not independently authenticate the capture time, source, or truth of what the page displayed.

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Back up the archive and track changes separately

Keep a separate backup of the originals and manifest, such as on another storage device. Restrict edits to the originals. If you need to annotate or compare images, work on clearly labeled copies and keep a separate change log that refers to the original filenames and describes the observed difference. Storage and a hash are useful safeguards, but neither alone authenticates a screenshot.

Use a browser capture or ScreenshotNeo

Do it yourself in a browser

  1. Open the chosen URL in the same browser and viewport used for prior captures.
  2. Wait for the relevant content to load; note any incomplete load, redirect, error, or dynamic element that could affect the image.
  3. Capture the viewport, full page, or relevant sections as appropriate. Do not alter the original image.
  4. Save it with a sortable timestamp and add the capture conditions and page state to the log.
  5. Compute a SHA-256 digest, add it to the manifest, and back up the archive separately.

Or skip the browser setup

ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. A single GET request can return a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. For a daily archive, keep the resulting original file and record the requested and final URLs, capture time, response details, and settings in your own log; an API response does not replace your evidence-handling records.

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Example cURL request:

curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.in -o shot.webp

See the ScreenshotNeo documentation for API parameters. Cookie banners, pop-ups, and chat widgets are removed before the shot; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are never billed. Its MCP server lets AI agents take screenshots. The Free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month with no card, and paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month, with no card required.

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What Indian evidence law says about electronic records

Section 63 and computer outputs

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 was enacted on 25 December 2023 and came into force on 1 July 2024. It defines a “document” to include electronic and digital records. Section 63 concerns the admissibility of particular computer outputs from electronic records, subject to statutory conditions.

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Under section 63(2), relevant conditions concern regular use of the computer or communication device, information supplied in the ordinary course, proper operation, and reproduction or derivation of the information. Section 63(4) requires a certificate accompanying the electronic record when seeking to rely on that section. The certificate identifies the record and how it was produced, provides relevant device particulars, and addresses the subsection (2) conditions. It must purport to be signed by the appropriate person in charge or management and an expert.

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Section 57, hashes, and the schedule

Section 57 states: “Where an electronic or digital record is produced from proper custody, such electronic and digital record is primary evidence unless it is disputed.” That provision does not remove section 63’s terms or decide whether a particular screenshot is genuine, relevant, or admissible.

The statutory schedule form calls for record-source and device details, a hash value, and an algorithm; SHA-256 is among the listed options. Preserve completed hash reports and certificate materials with the record where applicable. The form is not proof that every screenshot automatically satisfies evidentiary requirements.

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The BSA does not prescribe the daily logging workflow described here. The section 63 certificate and other requirements depend on the record and proceeding. If a dispute is foreseeable or already underway, ask Indian counsel how to preserve the capture process and prepare the applicable certificate and supporting evidence. A parliamentary committee separately emphasized tampering risks and recommended secure handling and chain of custody during investigation; that recommendation is legislative-history context, not itself enacted law.

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Troubleshoot gaps and inconsistencies

  • The URL changed: Preserve the requested URL and record the final redirected URL. Do not treat a redirect as if the original address displayed the same page.
  • The page failed or was unavailable: Record the error, time, and relevant response or page state. Keep the failed-capture record rather than omitting that day from the timeline.
  • The page looks different for reasons other than an edit: Note viewport, time, browser, personalization, pop-ups, and dynamic content. Compare like with like and describe what is visible without claiming the screenshot establishes why it changed.
  • A file was edited or annotated: Preserve the untouched original if available, label the edited version as a working copy, and document the difference. Do not substitute the edited copy for the original.
  • A hash does not match: Do not overwrite the file or quietly update the manifest. Retain the file and existing records, document the mismatch and any known handling history, and seek advice if the record may be used in a proceeding.
  • You need to rely on the screenshots in court: A hash and a daily log are not a substitute for the applicable statutory certificate or legal advice. Have counsel assess the evidence and procedure for the specific proceeding.

Sources

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