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Review OAuth grants as a living access inventory, not as a list of app registrations. For every active authorization, record the application, publisher, API and scopes, whether access is delegated or app-only, who approved it, when it changed, and whether the business still needs it. Then investigate unusual grants, revoke unnecessary access, and monitor new consent on a defined schedule.
This guide focuses on Microsoft Entra ID because it provides distinct portal, Microsoft Graph, PowerShell, and audit-log controls. The same control objectives apply to Google Workspace and other identity providers, although menu names and revocation mechanics differ.
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What an organization-wide OAuth review must cover
OAuth creates a durable relationship between an application and an organizational account or API. A user can authorize an app to act on that user’s behalf, or an administrator can grant access that applies across the tenant. Some permissions require a signed-in user for every operation; others let the application call an API without a user present.
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These are separate risk dimensions. A familiar application with a narrow delegated scope may be lower risk than an unknown application with app-only directory or mail access. Conversely, a legitimate business app can become dangerous if its publisher, ownership, or required permissions change.
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- Delegated access: the app acts as a signed-in user and is limited by that user’s access and the granted scopes.
- Application (app-only) access: the app acts as itself, without a user interaction, through an application permission or app-role assignment.
- User consent: a grant associated with a particular user (and, in some policies, a group of users).
- Admin consent: an administrator approves permissions for the organization, potentially making them available to all users or principals covered by the assignment.
Do not use the enterprise-app or app-registration catalog as your complete inventory. It can omit the people who authorized an app, the individual delegated grants, and app-only assignments. The review target is the active authorization relationship and its history.
Set authority, scope, and evidence before changing anything
Use a role that can inspect without granting unnecessary power
Microsoft Entra permission-review instructions identify Cloud Application Administrator and Application Administrator as roles that can review application permissions. Viewing application activity logs is a separate operation; the documented roles include Reports Reader, Security Reader, Security Administrator, and Global Reader. Confirm the effective role and Microsoft Graph scopes in your tenant before running a write operation.
A service-principal owner who is not an administrator can have different capabilities and may invalidate refresh tokens while attempting remediation. Assign the least-privileged review role, use a separate change-approved identity for revocation, and record who performed each action.
Define the review window and population
Choose a start and end date for historical searches and state which identity providers, tenants, subsidiaries, and environments are included. Include:
- Third-party applications with active delegated or app-only grants.
- Applications no longer used or without a current business owner.
- Grants made outside the normal IT intake process.
- Permissions that do not match the application’s stated purpose.
- Grants affecting privileged users, executives, service accounts, or sensitive APIs.
Preserve a dated export of the inventory and relevant audit events before remediation. This gives reviewers a baseline for explaining what changed and avoids relying on a portal view that may change after a grant is removed.
Build the current-grant inventory in Microsoft Entra
Use the Enterprise applications permission views
- Open the Microsoft Entra admin center and go to Entra ID > Enterprise apps > All applications.
- Select an application and open Permissions.
- Use the Admin consent tab to inspect permissions that apply across the organization.
- Use the User consent tab to inspect grants associated with a specific user or group.
- Capture the application and resource details before making any change.
The two tabs answer different questions. Admin consent indicates an organization-wide approval, while user consent identifies a narrower authorization. Neither view alone replaces a historical audit search or an inventory of app-role assignments.
Record fields that make a grant review actionable
| Field | What to record | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Application identity | Display name, stable application/client identifier, service-principal identifier, and publisher | Names can be duplicated or changed; identifiers support reliable follow-up. |
| Publisher assurance | Whether the publisher is verified and how its identity was independently confirmed | A verified-looking name is not proof that a requested app is expected. |
| Resource and permissions | Target API plus every delegated scope or application permission | Risk depends on the data and operations each permission enables. |
| Grant type | Delegated/user context or application/app-only | App-only access can operate without a user session. |
| Consent scope | One user, a group, or the organization | Scope determines blast radius and who can be affected. |
| Actor and timing | Authorizing user or administrator, creation or last-change date, and recent usage context when available | These facts support attribution and incident timelines. |
| Ownership and purpose | Business owner, approved use case, and the feature that requires each permission | Unused or excessive access can be challenged against a concrete requirement. |
| Decision record | Disposition, reviewer, review date, reason, remediation owner, and follow-up date | It prevents the same question being reopened without context. |
The Cloud Security Alliance’s enterprise audit guidance calls for enumerating each third-party app, its permissions, the users who granted them, and the most recent authorization event across enterprise identity providers. Add resource API, consent type, and ownership so the record supports technical remediation as well as governance.
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Scale the inventory with Microsoft Graph and PowerShell
The portal is useful for an individual application, but a tenant-wide review needs an exportable dataset. Microsoft documents Microsoft Graph resources for both major grant classes:
oauth2PermissionGrantsrepresents delegated permission grants. Capture the client application, resource service principal, consent type, principal where present, and scope string.appRoleAssignmentsrepresents application permissions assigned to a service principal. Capture the client, resource, app-role identifier, and assignment target.
Use the corresponding Microsoft Graph list operations or documented PowerShell cmdlets to enumerate these objects, then join them to application and service-principal metadata. A practical export has one row per grant or assignment rather than one row per app, because a single app can have different scopes, resources, and principals.
Before deletion, save the object identifiers and a timestamped copy of the export. After a change, query the same objects again and record the result. Do not assume that deleting a visible portal entry removed every delegated grant or app-role assignment associated with the application.
Separate inventory, history, and remediation tooling
| Control | Best use | Limitation |
|---|---|---|
| Enterprise applications > Permissions | Human review of an application’s current admin and user consent | Not a complete historical record and not the fastest way to process many apps. |
| Microsoft Graph or PowerShell | Bulk inventory, export, and precise deletion of delegated grants or app-role assignments | Requires correct scopes, identifiers, and change controls. |
| Entra audit logs | Reconstructing who granted or removed access and when | Events can be delayed and retention depends on licensing and tenant settings. |
Assess each permission against purpose and blast radius
Use a consistent decision test instead of judging an app by its logo or display name. For every scope or app role, answer the following.
Is the application and publisher expected?
Identify a business owner and verify the publisher through an independent channel already trusted by your organization. Generic names, misspellings, newly appearing publishers, and apps with no owner deserve investigation. A consent event by itself does not prove that an app is malicious; it is a lead that must be checked against identity, purpose, and activity.
Does every permission support a required feature?
Ask the owner to map each scope to a user-visible function. If a narrower permission can support that function, prefer the narrower option. An app used to manage SharePoint sites may reasonably need site access, but that fact alone does not establish a need for broad mailbox access or directory impersonation.
How much data and authority can the grant reach?
- Mail, files, calendars, contacts, and messages contain high-value organizational data.
- Directory-read access can expose users, groups, devices, and organizational structure.
- Role-management, policy, or write permissions can change security controls.
- Broad site or tenant permissions increase the number of resources affected by a single compromise.
- Application permissions can continue operating when no user is signed in.
Classify the grant by both sensitivity and reach. A narrow permission granted to a privileged user may still warrant urgent review; a broad permission granted tenant-wide may require an owner, formal approval, and compensating monitoring.
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Is the access still used and still approved?
Compare recent sign-in or application-usage context with the approved purpose. An app that has not been used, whose owner left, or whose vendor relationship ended should not retain access merely because the grant is old. Record an explicit business decision to retain, reduce, suspend, or remove it.
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Current permissions tell you what an application can do now. Audit history tells you how that state came to exist. In Microsoft Entra, open Enterprise apps > Activity > Audit logs and search the relevant time range.
Important activities are recorded under Core Directory / ApplicationManagement:
Add app role assignment to the service principal— an app-only permission was granted.Remove app role assignment from the service principal— an app-only permission was revoked.Add delegated permission grant— delegated access was granted.Consent to application— a user-consent event occurred.
When investigating access to a particular resource API, such as Microsoft Graph, filter on the resource application. This helps show which client applications received permissions to that API. Inspect the initiating actor, target service principal, modified properties, timestamp, and whether the event represents admin or user consent.
Search Purview Audit for questionable consent
For suspected illicit consent, Microsoft’s investigation guidance directs reviewers to search Microsoft Purview Audit for questionable Consent to application activities and inspect the IsAdminConsent value. A new event may take 30 minutes to 24 hours to appear. Search the actual tenant’s available retention period before relying on older records; searchable retention varies with the assigned Microsoft 365 subscription.
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Investigate a suspicious grant without destroying evidence
- Preserve state: export the current permissions and relevant audit records, noting UTC timestamps and object identifiers.
- Identify the affected principals: determine whether access applies to one user, a group, the whole organization, or an app-only service principal.
- Establish the timeline: correlate consent, permission changes, sign-ins, token use, and material data activity for the relevant date range.
- Validate the application: confirm publisher identity, business owner, expected features, and whether the owner requested the exact scopes.
- Contain proportionately: remove unnecessary grants, suspend an unrecognized app where appropriate, and coordinate with the incident-response owner.
- Check persistence: verify that the grant and app-role assignments are gone and that no alternate client or duplicate service principal retains equivalent access.
Password reset or MFA enrollment alone does not remove an external application’s authorization. If the grant is implicated in compromise, revoke the app access, assess affected users and activity, and follow the organization’s token and incident-response procedures. Microsoft’s guidance includes invalidating refresh tokens as part of response; verify the effect in the current tenant and application because revocation does not, by itself, complete the investigation.
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Revoke or reduce access safely
Organization-wide admin consent
From the application’s Permissions view, use the Admin consent tab to revoke the organization-wide permission where the portal exposes that control. Confirm the business owner and downstream impact first, especially for mail, files, automation, and production integrations. If only one scope is excessive and the provider supports granular removal, remove that scope rather than disabling the entire integration.
User-consent grants
The portal does not revoke entries shown under User consent. Use the documented Microsoft Graph or PowerShell process for the relevant oauth2PermissionGrants object, and record the deleted object identifier. For app-only access, remove the corresponding appRoleAssignments assignment rather than treating a delegated grant as equivalent.
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Verify the result
- Re-read the application’s permission view and query the affected Graph objects.
- Confirm that the intended user, group, or service principal no longer has the grant.
- Check audit logs for the removal event.
- Ask the application owner to test a supported, non-destructive workflow.
- Record residual access, expected user impact, and any follow-up change.
Revoking an existing grant may not stop users from consenting again when user consent remains enabled. Treat removal and prevention as separate controls.
Prevent repeat exposure through consent policy and ownership
Decide who may consent to which permission classes. High-impact scopes should require administrator approval, a named business owner, and a documented purpose. Evaluate whether user assignment is required for the application so that even an approved app cannot be used by unassigned users.
Keep an approved-application catalog with maximum allowed scopes, owner, renewal date, and exception process. Route new consent and permission-change events to the owner close to the time they occur. Continuous OAuth visibility tooling can alert on grants near creation and identify permissions that exceed policy, but it should complement—not replace—provider audit logs and application-owner review.
Google Workspace and other providers
The Cloud Security Alliance reports that both Google Workspace and Microsoft Entra ID provide administrator-level views of active OAuth authorizations for all users. Apply the same inventory fields: application, publisher, API, scopes, authorizing user, consent scope, most recent authorization event, owner, and disposition.
Do not assume that an Entra menu path or revocation command maps directly to Google Workspace. Admin Console labels, required roles, API scopes, audit retention, and whether an authorization can be removed per user or organization can change. Verify the current provider-specific workflow in the tenant before issuing a write operation. Keep the cross-provider policy constant even when the interface differs: enumerate active grants, distinguish delegated from app-only access where the provider supports both, investigate high-impact or unexplained scopes, preserve history, and verify removal.
Set a review cadence that matches risk and scale
Microsoft recommends weekly consent-grant reviews for organizations with many registered Entra apps and a large user base. Smaller or lower-change environments can set a different interval, but the decision should reflect grant volume, privileged-user exposure, data sensitivity, and the speed at which new apps are introduced.
Between scheduled reviews:
- Alert on new consent, app-role assignments, permission changes, and removals.
- Require an owner and purpose before a grant is considered approved.
- Recheck high-risk scopes and privileged-user grants after organizational changes.
- Expire exceptions and unused integrations instead of allowing indefinite access.
- Compare each new export with the prior dated inventory.
Track measurable review outcomes: grants inventoried, grants without owners, excessive scopes reduced, stale grants removed, time from consent to detection, and re-consent attempts after revocation. These measures show whether the process is reducing standing access rather than merely producing a spreadsheet.
Troubleshooting common review problems
The portal shows an app, but no obvious user
Check whether the access is organization-wide admin consent or an app-only assignment. Delegated grants can also be associated with a principal that is not obvious in a summary view. Query the underlying oauth2PermissionGrants and appRoleAssignments objects and join them to user, group, service-principal, and resource metadata.
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Allow for the documented 30-minute-to-24-hour audit publication delay, then search the correct log source and time range. Confirm the tenant’s license-dependent retention window before concluding that the event never existed.
Revocation succeeded, but the app still works
Check for another grant to the same user, a group-level assignment, an organization-wide admin grant, a second service principal, or a separate resource API. Verify that the deleted object was the one used by the application and inspect post-revocation audit events.
Users immediately authorize the app again
Revocation removed the existing relationship but did not necessarily change user-consent policy. Restrict who can consent, require assignment where appropriate, and route a new request through the approval process.
The business owner says an apparently broad scope is required
Ask for the exact feature, data set, and operation that need it. Seek a narrower scope, resource restriction, service-account boundary, or compensating monitor. Record the exception, approving authority, expiry date, and review owner rather than treating an undocumented explanation as permanent approval.
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