The Tool Desk
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Render Mermaid source with Mermaid CLI
Mermaid CLI is the project’s command-line renderer. It accepts a Mermaid definition file and generates SVG, PNG, or PDF. Store diagrams as files in your repository, then run mmdc with an input and output path.
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mkdir -p build
mmdc -i docs/architecture.mmd -o build/architecture.png
mmdc -i docs/architecture.mmd -o build/architecture.pdfThe output extension selects the format. The commands above are renderer invocations, not a complete workflow for GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, or another provider. Add the provider’s own artifact-upload step if reviewers or later jobs need to retrieve the generated files.
Choose how to run the CLI in CI
The Mermaid CLI project documents installation through npm, use through npx, and Docker or Podman images. Select the method that fits the runner and pin its versions so the same job does not silently pick up a changed release.
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| Method | When it fits | CI checks |
|---|---|---|
| Local npm package | Your runner uses Node.js and project dependencies are managed with npm. | Pin the package and Node.js versions, and ensure the browser dependencies required by the selected release are available. |
npx |
You want to invoke the CLI without managing a project-local executable separately. | Specify a package version rather than allowing an implicit latest-version resolution. |
| Docker or Podman | Your CI environment can run containers and you want the renderer environment defined by an image. | Pin the image tag; check mounted paths, write permissions, and sandbox behavior. |
Install locally with npm
Add @mermaid-js/mermaid-cli to the project’s development dependencies using a pinned version, then run the project-local executable in the CI job. A typical invocation is:
npx mmdc -i docs/architecture.mmd -o build/architecture.pngUse the package version and runtime combination selected for your project; requirements change between releases. The current release notes surfaced Node.js 22.13 or later and Puppeteer 25 or later for a recent release, while the npm registry surfaced package version 11.17.0. Those details may refer to different release moments or tags, so verify compatibility against the exact CLI version you pin rather than treating either as a universal requirement.
Invoke through npx
For an isolated invocation, the README documents running the CLI via npx -p @mermaid-js/mermaid-cli mmdc. Pin the package version in that command in a reproducible pipeline, and avoid an unqualified command that can resolve differently over time.
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Run the documented container image
The project documents Docker and Podman usage, including mounting a diagrams directory. Mount the repository input and output locations where the container expects them, and make sure the container user can write to the output directory on the host. Pin a specific image tag rather than relying on a moving tag.
Set output appearance and PDF options
The CLI README demonstrates theme and background options for PNG output. For example, this creates a dark-themed PNG with a transparent background:
mmdc -i docs/architecture.mmd -o build/architecture.png -t dark -b transparentUse only flags supported by the pinned CLI version. Recent release notes report that --pdfFit was removed because PDF output is fitted by default, and that --pdf-paper-format is available to select a paper format. The notes also report replacement of width and height controls with --size, which affects viewport and PNG resolution. Older examples may therefore fail or behave differently with a newer release; check the release notes for your exact version before relying on PDF or sizing flags.
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Handle Markdown files with Mermaid fences separately
If diagrams are embedded in Markdown code fences, the Mermaid CLI README describes a Markdown mode that transforms the Markdown file and links generated SVGs. That is a separate workflow from exporting one standalone diagram directly to PNG or PDF. Use the direct .mmd input commands above when the required artifact is a single diagram image or PDF.
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- Keep diagram source files in the repository and use stable input and output paths.
- Create the destination directory before calling
mmdc, as in the example’smkdir -p build. - Pin the CLI package or container image, and use a compatible Node.js runtime if installing through npm.
- Configure the selected CI provider to preserve
build/architecture.pngorbuild/architecture.pdfwhen the job completes. - Check container mount paths and directory ownership if the renderer cannot write its output.
The Mermaid CLI documentation establishes how to generate the files, but does not prescribe artifact-upload syntax for a specific CI provider. Follow that provider’s current documentation for retention and downstream-job access.
Troubleshoot common CI failures
The command is missing or resolves to the wrong version
Make sure the job installs the package or uses the intended container image, and invoke the project-local binary or a version-pinned npx command. Confirm the version selected in the lockfile or image tag matches the version whose options and runtime requirements you are using.
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Chromium cannot launch in the runner
Mermaid CLI uses a browser-rendering setup, and the project lists Linux sandbox and Docker permission issues among known setup topics. Check the runner’s browser-launch restrictions, container configuration, and the setup guidance for an already-installed Chromium where relevant. Do not assume every runner needs the same workaround.
The output directory is empty or unwritable
Confirm that the input path exists, create the destination directory before rendering, and check write permissions. In a container, verify that the mounted output path maps to the expected host directory and that its ownership permits the container process to write.
A PDF or sizing flag is rejected
Compare the command with release notes for the pinned version. In particular, do not use the removed --pdfFit option with releases where PDF fitting is the default, and check current paper-format and size option names before copying an older command.
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Mermaid CLI is the direct choice for rendering Mermaid source in CI. If your pipeline instead needs to capture a rendered website, ScreenshotNeo provides a screenshot API and MCP server. A single GET request returns a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF; it is not a Mermaid-source renderer.
For a website screenshot, the one-call cURL form is:
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Can Mermaid CLI create SVG as well as PNG and PDF?
Yes. The CLI supports SVG, PNG, and PDF output.
Does Mermaid CLI provide the artifact-upload step for my CI provider?
The CLI generates the output file; artifact retention and upload must be configured using your CI provider’s own workflow.
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