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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesThe safest family plan is location-specific: identify every earthquake and tsunami hazard zone your household uses, choose destinations and walking routes with local officials, write down communication and reunion rules, prepare accessible supplies, and practice the actions before an emergency. During shaking, drop, cover and hold on. If you are in a tsunami hazard area and feel a strong or long earthquake, hear a roar from the ocean, or see unusual water movement, evacuate to high ground or inland as soon as it is safe—do not wait for an official alert.
1. Start with the hazards around your real daily locations
A plan made only for your home can fail when an earthquake or tsunami occurs while family members are at school, work, childcare, shopping, traveling or outdoors. Make a list of places each household member visits regularly, then check the current earthquake, tsunami-hazard and evacuation maps for each one.
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Inventory the places that need a plan
- Home and any second residence.
- Children’s schools, childcare centers and activity locations.
- Workplaces, campuses and regular customer or job sites.
- Routes used for commuting, school runs and recreation.
- Frequently visited beaches, harbors, rivers, bridges and waterfront facilities.
- Homes of relatives, caregivers and neighbors who may need assistance.
Local maps and emergency-management instructions take precedence over general advice. If an address, route or assembly area is unclear, ask the local emergency-management office. Record the map’s date and check for updates rather than assuming a familiar route remains valid.
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For each location, identify a destination outside the mapped tsunami evacuation zone. Depending on local guidance, that may be higher ground inland, a designated evacuation center or another named safe area. Do not select a destination solely because it is a tall building. Some communities publish vertical-evacuation plans; use only structures and floors that local officials have specifically designated.
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| Starting point | Primary destination | Backup destination | Route and constraints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Home | Write the locally designated safe area | Write a second approved area | Note stairs, gates, bridges, steep sections and flood-prone crossings |
| School or childcare | Use the institution’s designated assembly area | Record its alternate location | Follow the school’s release and reunification rules |
| Workplace | Use the employer’s evacuation destination | Record an approved alternative | Note which exits remain usable if elevators or roads fail |
| Regular waterfront location | Use the posted local evacuation destination | Record a route away from waterways | Identify signs, stairs and places where crowds may bottleneck |
Plan to walk, and map alternatives
Earthquake damage can block roads, disable traffic signals, damage bridges and create congestion. Plan a route that can be walked, and a second route if the first is blocked. Mark exits, stairways, bridges, narrow passages and places where fallen debris could slow movement. Keep a paper copy because a phone may be lost, damaged or unable to connect.
Walk each route with the people who will use it. Practice in daylight, at night and in poor weather when practical. Include routes from home, school, work and other regular locations—not just the route from your front door.
2. Put communication and reunion rules in writing
Family members may be separated when an event occurs. Decide in advance how they will exchange status messages, who will make decisions for children, and where they will meet if normal communications or transportation fail.
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- Choose an out-of-area contact who can relay information when local phone networks are congested. Ask that person in advance and write down their full name and several ways to reach them.
- List every household member’s mobile number, workplace or school number, medical contact and emergency contact.
- Agree on a short message format, such as name, location, condition and intended destination. Text messages may work when voice calls do not, but do not depend on a single service.
- Set a rule for when to stop trying to travel and shelter instead. Safety takes priority over immediate reunification.
- Choose reunion points outside the hazard zone: one close to home and one farther away. Use a location that is recognizable and accessible without entering a beach, harbor, river channel or other restricted area.
Coordinate with schools, childcare and workplaces
Ask each institution for its emergency plan, evacuation destination, notification method and child-release procedure. Learn who is authorized to collect a child and what identification is required. Make your household plan compatible with those procedures; do not instruct a child to leave school independently if the school’s policy requires supervised release.
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Ask workplaces how they account for employees, where they evacuate and how they communicate after a disaster. If a family member provides care for an older adult, disabled person or animal, include that person’s plan and a backup caregiver.
Keep the plan usable on paper
Print the contact list, maps, meeting points, medical information, medication list and instructions for pets. Give copies to household members, caregivers and trusted relatives. Store a copy in a waterproof sleeve at home and another in a work or vehicle kit. Update it after a move, new school, new workplace, change in custody, medical change, new pet or change in mobility.
A NOAA-hosted household handbook recommends discussing and practicing the plan annually. Treat that as a minimum review cycle, and review sooner after any major household change.
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During earthquake shaking: drop, cover and hold on
- Drop to your hands and knees before the shaking knocks you down.
- Cover your head and neck and, if possible, get under a sturdy table or desk. Stay away from windows, glass, tall unsecured furniture and objects that can fall.
- Hold on to the shelter until the shaking stops. If it moves, move with it while protecting your head and neck.
If no sturdy shelter is nearby, get low next to an interior wall or low furniture and cover your head and neck with your arms. Do not run outside during strong shaking; falling glass, masonry, signs and utility equipment can make exits dangerous. Expect aftershocks and repeat drop, cover and hold on whenever the ground shakes again.
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Different settings require small adjustments. In bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow unless something above you is falling. In a vehicle, stop when safe, set the parking brake and remain inside until shaking ends, avoiding bridges, overpasses, trees and power lines. Outdoors, move away from buildings, walls, signs, poles and overhead wires.
Recognize natural tsunami warnings
In or near a tsunami hazard zone, treat any of these as an immediate warning:
- A strong earthquake that makes it hard to stand, or an earthquake that lasts a long time.
- A loud roar or unusual sound from the ocean.
- Unusual water behavior, such as water rising rapidly, a fast-moving flood, a wall of water or a sudden drawdown that exposes the seafloor.
NOAA states that a natural tsunami warning may be the first, best or only warning that a tsunami is coming. Once shaking has stopped enough for you to move safely, go quickly to the locally designated high ground or inland destination. Do not wait for a siren, text, television report or official announcement when natural signs are present.
Apply the warning correctly outside the evacuation zone
If you are outside the mapped tsunami hazard or evacuation zone and receive a warning, the National Weather Service says to stay where you are unless local officials direct you to move. Do not create unnecessary traffic toward or away from the coast based only on rumors. If officials order evacuation, follow their route and destination instructions.
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Evacuate safely
- Follow local evacuation signs and maps, not an improvised shortcut toward the shoreline.
- Move inland or uphill and stay away from beaches, marinas, rivers, estuaries and other waterways that can carry tsunami waves inland.
- Walk when feasible so emergency vehicles can move and blocked roads do not trap your family.
- Help children, older adults, people with disabilities and anyone who needs medication or mobility equipment.
- Take only the portable bag you can carry without slowing the group. Do not return for possessions.
4. Build reliable alert and information channels
Natural warning signs and official alerts serve different purposes. A phone alert can be delayed, missed or unavailable, so it supplements rather than replaces your ability to recognize danger and act.
| Channel | Action before an event | Limitation to plan for |
|---|---|---|
| Local emergency alerts | Enroll every eligible phone and review the jurisdiction’s sign-up instructions | Registration methods differ by city, county, state and tribe |
| Wireless Emergency Alerts | Keep compatible phones powered and configured to receive them | A message is not guaranteed to arrive before a nearby tsunami |
| NOAA Weather Radio | Keep a battery-operated radio and spare batteries where it can be heard | Reception and alert coverage depend on location; test it periodically |
| Radio and television | Know which local stations carry emergency information | Power, transmitters or internet services may fail |
| Sirens and loudspeakers | Learn what local siren tones and announcements mean | You may not hear them indoors, in a vehicle or far from the warning system |
| Officials and trusted notifications | Follow instructions from local emergency managers and first responders | Social-media rumors can conflict with official directions |
Set up the household’s alert routine
- Subscribe to the current local emergency-alert service for home, school, work and other relevant jurisdictions.
- Enable wireless emergency alerts on each phone and keep operating systems updated enough to support them.
- Place a battery-operated NOAA Weather Radio where it is accessible during a power outage. Store spare batteries with it and check the volume and reception.
- Write down local radio stations and official websites or telephone lines used for emergency information.
- Assign one person to monitor official updates when the family is together, while everyone remains prepared to act on natural warning signs without waiting for that person.
5. Assemble portable supplies for people, pets and places
The National Weather Service recommends an easily accessible portable disaster-supplies kit and suggests considering kits for the car and workplace. A 2015 NOAA-hosted handbook notes that an emergency kit and an evacuation bag can be combined or kept separate. You do not need to buy new items if useful supplies are already at home; gather, label and maintain what your household actually needs.
| Category | Examples to tailor to your household | Where to keep it |
|---|---|---|
| Water and food | Water containers, ready-to-eat food, infant or medical diets and a manual can opener | Home kit and a portable bag; additional supplies where local guidance recommends |
| Light and communication | Flashlight, spare batteries, portable radio and whistle | Near exits and in kits that can be carried |
| Protection from debris and weather | Gloves, dust masks, eye protection, sturdy shoes, blanket and poncho | At the bedside, near exits and in portable kits |
| Health | Prescription medicines, first-aid supplies, glasses, hearing-device batteries and copies of medical information | Waterproof pouch in the home kit and a carryable backup where appropriate |
| Power and documents | Power banks, charging cables, identification copies, contacts, maps and cash if needed locally | Waterproof pouch in the home kit and a duplicate in a vehicle or workplace kit |
| Children | Age-appropriate food, comfort items, diapers, formula and a child information card | In the family bag and at the child’s regular care location if permitted |
| Pets and service animals | Food, water, medications, leash or carrier, waste bags, identification and vaccination records | With the portable kit; keep a carrier or leash immediately accessible |
Make supplies accessible, not merely abundant
Keep kits where adults and older children can reach them without crossing broken glass or opening a jammed cabinet. Avoid storing the only supplies in a basement or garage that could be inaccessible after structural damage. Use containers that one person can carry, and label medications, pet items and mobility equipment clearly.
Account for allergies, refrigeration-dependent medicines, oxygen, mobility devices, communication needs, language needs and assistance animals. Ask a clinician or pharmacist how to maintain a safe emergency supply of essential medicines; do not change a prescription schedule without professional advice.
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Check supplies on a regular schedule and refresh expired food, batteries, medications and pet products. Keep a smaller bag at work and in the car when feasible, but do not let a vehicle kit replace a walking plan.
6. Practice the plan as a sequence, not a discussion
A household can remember a plan under stress only if it has rehearsed the decisions. Practice at least annually and after major changes.
Run an earthquake drill
- Call out “earthquake” without warning family members in advance.
- Everyone drops, covers the head and neck, and holds on in the nearest safe position.
- After the simulated shaking stops, check for injuries and hazards without using elevators or entering damaged areas.
- Repeat the drill for a second aftershock.
Run a tsunami evacuation drill
- Start with a scenario in which a strong or long earthquake has occurred at a home, school or workplace in the hazard zone.
- Have each person identify the nearest safe route and take the portable bag, shoes, medication and pet equipment assigned to them.
- Walk the route to the designated destination, noting blocked paths, confusing signs, steep sections and places where a slower person needs assistance.
- Practice the alternate route and the family’s out-of-area contact procedure.
- Record problems and revise the written plan, maps, supplies or responsibilities.
Include nighttime conditions, rain, power loss and a scenario in which one adult is absent. Ask children to explain what they would do in their own words. Do not stage a drill in a way that causes people to enter an actual restricted area or puts anyone at risk.
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7. Plan for the first hours and the return decision
After an earthquake, avoid fallen power lines and damaged buildings, bridges and piers. Expect additional shaking and follow official instructions about fires, gas leaks, landslides, flooding and closed roads.
If a tsunami warning or natural warning has caused evacuation, stay outside the hazard or evacuation zone until local officials give the all-clear. The first wave may not be the largest, and dangerous waves and currents can continue for hours or days. Do not return to collect belongings, inspect property or help others unless authorities say the route is safe and your assistance is requested.
8. Fix the failure points families commonly miss
- One route: Add a walkable alternative from every regular starting point.
- One contact method: Combine local alerts, wireless alerts, radio and NOAA Weather Radio; retain paper contacts.
- Assuming the phone will warn you: Act on a strong or long earthquake and other natural tsunami signs without waiting for a message.
- Choosing a destination without checking maps: Use the current local evacuation zone and designated destinations.
- Leaving children’s schools out of the plan: Learn their evacuation and release procedures and keep authorization records current.
- Forgetting pets or medical needs: Assign a caregiver, transport method, medicines and supplies for every animal and person.
- Storing supplies where they cannot be carried: Divide heavy items and keep portable bags accessible.
- Returning after the first wave: Wait for the official all-clear, even if water appears to recede.
9. Keep a one-page household plan
Your full plan can include maps and inventories, but a one-page summary should be easy to grab. Include:
- Home, school, workplace and regular-location evacuation destinations.
- Primary and alternate walking routes.
- Meeting points inside and outside the local area.
- Out-of-area contact and every household member’s phone number.
- School, childcare, workplace and caregiver procedures.
- Names and needs of children, older adults, people with disabilities, pets and service animals.
- Locations of portable bags, medication, shoes, flashlights, radio and spare batteries.
- Local alert enrollment details and official information channels.
- The instruction: drop, cover and hold on during shaking; evacuate on natural tsunami signs; remain out until officials give the all-clear.
Review the page annually and whenever the household’s locations, responsibilities, health needs or local instructions change.
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