To monitor Amazon Bedrock Agents Runtime invocations, configure an AWS CloudTrail trail with an advanced data-event selector. Select AWS::Bedrock::AgentAlias for InvokeAgent, or AWS::Bedrock::InlineAgent for InvokeInlineAgent, and set the event category to Data. These runtime events are not included by default, so a trail that records only management events will not show agent invocations. Deliver the trail to Amazon S3 for ongoing retention, and account for CloudTrail data-event charges. The resulting records are useful audit evidence, but they are not a complete, chronologically ordered trace of every internal agent step.
What CloudTrail records for Bedrock agents
CloudTrail can record API activity associated with Amazon Bedrock. For this task, the important distinction is between management events and data events:
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| Event class | What it represents | Default behavior | Use in agent monitoring |
|---|---|---|---|
| Management events | Control-plane operations, such as creating, updating, or deleting resources and changing configuration. | CloudTrail trails log management events by default unless you change the trail configuration. | Useful for showing how an agent or alias was administered, but not sufficient to record runtime invocations. |
| Data events | Operations that access or use a resource during runtime. | Not logged by default. They must be enabled explicitly on a trail. | Required for Bedrock Agents Runtime calls such as InvokeAgent and InvokeInlineAgent. |
A common mistake is to inspect an existing trail, see Bedrock management records, and assume that agent conversations or invocations are being captured. Runtime calls are data events. Unless the trail has a matching advanced data-event selector, those calls will be absent. AWS documents the Bedrock mapping in Monitor Amazon Bedrock API calls using CloudTrail and explains the event categories in Understanding CloudTrail events.
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Configure the selector for the API and endpoint that your application actually calls. AWS documentation distinguishes the Bedrock Agents Runtime endpoint, generally formatted as bedrock-runtime.{region}.amazonaws.com, from the separate bedrock-mantle.{region}.api.aws endpoint. The selector instructions in this article cover the Agents Runtime operations InvokeAgent and InvokeInlineAgent. Calls made through another Bedrock API surface can have different event behavior and resource types. Review Monitor bedrock-mantle API calls using CloudTrail if your application uses the mantle endpoint.
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Identify whether the application invokes a deployed agent alias or an inline agent before editing the trail:
- Deployed alias invocation: the API operation is
InvokeAgent, and the CloudTrail resource type isAWS::Bedrock::AgentAlias. - Inline invocation: the API operation is
InvokeInlineAgent, and the resource type isAWS::Bedrock::InlineAgent.
If you are unsure, inspect the SDK or HTTP request used by the application and look for the operation name. Do not select both resource types automatically unless you need records for both call patterns, because broader selectors can increase event volume and charges.
Configure a CloudTrail trail for Bedrock data events
The following procedure applies whether you are creating a new trail or editing an existing one. Console wording can change, but the required concepts are the trail, an S3 destination, and an advanced event selector whose category is Data.
- Open CloudTrail and create or edit a trail. In the AWS console, open CloudTrail, choose Trails, then create a trail or open the trail that should receive the Bedrock records. An existing trail that only has management-event settings must be edited; creating a second trail is optional.
- Choose an S3 destination. Configure the trail to deliver its log files to an Amazon S3 bucket that your organization controls. S3 gives you an ongoing location for retention, access control, lifecycle rules, and downstream analysis. Check the bucket policy and ownership settings used by your account so CloudTrail can deliver files successfully.
- Open advanced event selectors. Add an advanced event selector rather than relying only on the management-event checkboxes. Set the selector field
eventCategorytoData. - Select the Bedrock resource type. For
InvokeAgent, setresources.typetoAWS::Bedrock::AgentAlias. ForInvokeInlineAgent, create a selector usingAWS::Bedrock::InlineAgent. You can add separate selectors when one trail must cover both invocation styles. - Save the trail and generate a controlled test call. After the configuration is saved, invoke the relevant agent from the application or an approved test client. Keep the approximate time, AWS Region, operation, and alias or inline-agent identity so you can locate the resulting log record.
- Verify delivery in S3. Allow time for CloudTrail delivery, then inspect the trail’s S3 prefix for a file corresponding to the account and Region used by the test. If the record is missing, use the troubleshooting branches below before widening the selector.
Selector for InvokeAgent
Use this pattern when the application calls a deployed Bedrock agent through an alias:
{"FieldSelectors":[{"Field":"eventCategory","Equals":["Data"]},{"Field":"resources.type","Equals":["AWS::Bedrock::AgentAlias"]}]}The decisive values are the Data category and the AWS::Bedrock::AgentAlias resource type. Omitting either one can produce a trail that appears correctly configured while still excluding invocation records.
Selector for InvokeInlineAgent
For inline-agent calls, use the same event category but change the resource type:
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{"FieldSelectors":[{"Field":"eventCategory","Equals":["Data"]},{"Field":"resources.type","Equals":["AWS::Bedrock::InlineAgent"]}]}Do not substitute AWS::Bedrock::AgentAlias for an inline invocation. The resource-type distinction is how CloudTrail matches the two documented Bedrock Runtime call patterns.
Optional narrowing with event name or ARN
A selector can be narrowed with additional field conditions. AWS documents optional filtering by eventName and by resources.ARN. For example, an organization that wants only deployed-agent invocations can add an eventName condition for InvokeAgent. You can also restrict records to one or more agent-alias ARNs when the ARN values are known and stable.
Narrowing is a trade-off: it reduces noise and potentially reduces data-event volume, but an incorrect operation name, Region, or ARN can make valid calls disappear. Start with the required category and resource type, verify a test event, and then add restrictions one at a time. Keep a record of each selector change so an audit reviewer can understand why a class of events is absent.
Where to retain and inspect the records
Amazon S3 for an ongoing record
A trail that delivers to S3 is the appropriate foundation for continuing retention. The bucket can be governed with your normal retention, encryption, access, and lifecycle controls, and its objects can be copied or analyzed by security tooling approved for your environment. CloudTrail writes log files under the trail’s S3 location; use the account, Region, and test-call time to find the relevant object.
Retention in S3 is separate from whether the CloudTrail console can show an event immediately. Decide how long your organization must preserve invocation evidence and apply that policy to the destination bucket. The Bedrock documentation describes trail delivery and data-event configuration in Monitor Amazon Bedrock API calls using CloudTrail.
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CloudTrail Event history is useful for viewing recent management-event activity in the console. It should not be treated as a complete viewer for Bedrock agent data events, and it does not remove the need for a trail that explicitly selects the Bedrock resource type. If the requirement is an ongoing audit record of invocations, configure S3 delivery before relying on the monitoring design.
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Understand the cost and coverage trade-off
AWS states that additional CloudTrail charges apply to data events. The charge is a reason to avoid an unnecessarily broad selector, not a reason to omit the events required for your audit objective. Before enabling selectors across many resources or Regions, check the current CloudTrail pricing and estimate the expected invocation volume. Record which Regions, resource types, and optional filters are enabled so the resulting bill can be explained.
Management-event logging remains valuable alongside the data selector. It can show control-plane changes to the agent and its alias, while the data selector records runtime calls. Treat these as complementary records rather than two interchangeable ways to capture the same activity.
What a Bedrock CloudTrail event can prove
A matching CloudTrail record can help establish that an AWS principal made a Bedrock API request, when the request occurred, the operation involved, and other request details captured by CloudTrail. Those facts support questions such as:
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- Which identity or calling service initiated the request?
- Did the request use
InvokeAgentorInvokeInlineAgent? - Which selected Bedrock resource was associated with the request?
- Does the invocation time align with an application alert or incident window?
Use the record as audit evidence for the API request itself. Correlate it with application logs, agent traces, model-provider telemetry, and tool-service logs when you need to understand the response, downstream actions, or user-visible result. CloudTrail is one evidence source in that chain, not a replacement for service-specific observability.
What CloudTrail cannot prove by itself
A CloudTrail log file is not a guaranteed transcript of an agent session. AWS explicitly cautions that CloudTrail log files are not an ordered stack trace of public API calls. Consequently, a set of records should not be presented as a complete, chronological reconstruction of every internal planning step, model thought, retrieval operation, tool call, retry, or streaming fragment.
The data-event selector also does not turn internal agent reasoning into separately logged events. It identifies matching API activity at the Bedrock resource boundary. If a compliance report requires the exact sequence of internal actions or the content of every intermediate operation, define and retain additional application- or service-level telemetry rather than inferring it from CloudTrail ordering.
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Likewise, the presence of an invocation record does not by itself prove that a particular business action completed successfully. It proves that the selected API request was recorded. Use the response status and downstream system records, where available, to establish outcome.
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The trail shows management events but no invocations
Check the advanced selectors first. A trail configured only for management events will not capture InvokeAgent or InvokeInlineAgent. Confirm that eventCategory equals Data and that the resource type matches the operation.
The selector uses the wrong resource type
Match the API name to the resource type exactly:
| Application call | Required resource type |
|---|---|
InvokeAgent |
AWS::Bedrock::AgentAlias |
InvokeInlineAgent |
AWS::Bedrock::InlineAgent |
Changing only the event name filter while leaving the wrong resource type will not fix the mismatch.
The application uses a different endpoint
Verify whether the client is calling bedrock-runtime or bedrock-mantle. AWS documents distinct logging guidance for the mantle API surface. Apply the instructions for the endpoint and API actually used; do not assume an Agents Runtime selector covers every Bedrock endpoint.
An optional filter is too restrictive
Temporarily remove the optional eventName or resources.ARN condition while retaining the required data category and resource type. Run one controlled invocation, confirm delivery, and then reintroduce filters individually. This isolates a spelling, ARN, Region, or alias-version mismatch without discarding the basic selector.
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The test call is in another Region or account
CloudTrail records are associated with the account and Region in which the API activity occurs. Confirm that the trail covers the Region used by the client and that you are inspecting the S3 location for the same account. A correctly configured selector in one Region will not explain a call made elsewhere.
The event exists but cannot be found quickly
Use the test invocation’s approximate time, operation, account, Region, and resource identity to search the S3 trail prefix. S3 delivery and console visibility are separate concerns; do not conclude that an event was never generated solely because it is not immediately visible in Event history.
Design a defensible monitoring setup
A small amount of documentation makes the configuration easier to operate and audit. Record the following with the trail change:
- The Bedrock endpoint and API operations used by the application.
- Whether the selector targets
AWS::Bedrock::AgentAlias,AWS::Bedrock::InlineAgent, or both. - The Regions and accounts covered by the trail.
- Any
eventNameorresources.ARNfilters and the reason for each. - The S3 bucket, prefix, access controls, and retention policy.
- The expected CloudTrail data-event cost and the owner responsible for reviewing it.
- The date and result of the last controlled test invocation.
Review the selector after changing an agent from an alias-based deployment to an inline invocation, or when moving an application to another endpoint. The API shape may change even though the user-facing feature is still described as a Bedrock agent.
Keep Bedrock Agents separate from AgentCore
AWS documentation and search results also contain a separate Amazon Bedrock AgentCore product family with its own services and event types. Those records are not interchangeable with the Agents Runtime selectors described here. If your architecture uses AgentCore, follow that product’s CloudTrail guidance separately; do not add unrelated AgentCore event types to a Bedrock Agents Runtime procedure.
Practical verification checklist
- Identify the exact runtime operation:
InvokeAgentorInvokeInlineAgent. - Confirm the endpoint and Region used by the client.
- Use a CloudTrail trail that delivers to an S3 bucket.
- Add an advanced selector with
eventCategoryset toData. - Choose
AWS::Bedrock::AgentAliasforInvokeAgentorAWS::Bedrock::InlineAgentforInvokeInlineAgent. - Run a controlled invocation and locate the resulting S3 log object.
- Only after verification, add optional event-name or ARN filters.
- Document retention, access, Region coverage, and data-event cost.
- Use CloudTrail to establish API activity, then correlate other telemetry for execution details and outcomes.
For the canonical Bedrock selector fields and supported resource types, consult AWS’s CloudTrail integration guide. For event-category behavior and CloudTrail’s ordering limitations, see Understanding CloudTrail events.
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