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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsMeasure an AI device with three separate questions: how much useful work it completes, how long a user waits, and how much power or energy the system consumes. There is no universal “AI device score.” A defensible result fixes the workload, model, quality target, software stack, benchmark scenario, measurement boundary, and test conditions, then reports throughput, latency, energy, and output quality together.
For an on-device language model, that normally means reporting model initialization, prompt-prefill time or time to first token, decode speed, and—if tools are involved—end-to-end agent completion time. For power, state whether the reading is at the wall, on a board rail, or from a component sensor. For energy efficiency, report energy per completed task or tokens per joule rather than treating a TDP or power-supply rating as a measurement.
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What the three measurements actually tell you
Performance is completed useful work
Performance describes work rate. Depending on the task, use completed images classified per second, audio samples transcribed per minute, requests served per second, or tokens generated per second. Always attach the workload and quality requirement to the number. A faster result that produces lower-quality answers, uses a smaller model, or processes a different input set is not an apples-to-apples improvement.
Throughput is usually measured under a declared load, such as a fixed batch size or concurrency. Record whether requests were run one at a time or in parallel; a device can gain throughput while making each individual user wait longer.
#1 Best Overall
- Various Monitoring Parameters: The power meter plug can monitor the power (W), energy (kWh), volts, amps, hertz, power factor, cost, minimum and maximum power (W), cumulative days and time of your appliances. By switching 7 display modes, you can easily know the various parameters while the appliance is working. The home energy monitor can also calculate and display how much power your appliance uses and how much electricity bill it cost in cumulative time
- Upgraded LCD Display: With large screen size 2.36 inch x 1.85 inch, clearer monitor backlit, our electrical usage monitor can display the data clearer and more visible no matter day or night. 180°full wide viewing angles is great for reading and recording the data in any angles. No need to stand on the front of the display and bend over to read the numbers
- Adjustable Backlight Time: Our upgraded watt meter has 5 options of backlight time. The default backlight time duration is 10 minutes(bL-0). If you want to change the backlight time, you can press and hold "UP" and "DOWN" button at the same time to enter backlight time setting, then press "UP" and "DOWN" to select the backlight time (bL-0 =10 minutes, bL-1=1 hour, bL-2=4 hours, bL-3=8 hours, bL-4=always on), finally press the "COST" to save the backlight time settings
- Overload protection: When the power of the appliance exceeds the overload power, the LCD will display “OVERLOAD” to warn the user. All the buttons will quit working and can only be workable when you lower or remove the load power. The default overload power is 3680W and is adjustable from 0 to 3680W. In general, you need to set the overload power to 1800W before using. Just press the "function" button for more than 3 seconds to enter the setting
- Data Memory Function: The wattage meter will record your power consumption data when you remove it from socket, or remove appliances from the electricity monitor. You can directly see the last data when you use it next time. This function can also automatically save the data when there is a sudden power failure
Latency is elapsed waiting time
Latency is the time from a defined start event to a defined result. “Average latency” alone can hide the stage that users notice or the occasional slow request. Run repeated trials and report a distribution, including at least the median and a tail statistic such as the 95th percentile, with the number of repetitions and any rejected runs disclosed.
Power and energy are different
Power is an instantaneous rate, measured in watts. Energy is power accumulated over time, measured in joules or watt-hours. A system drawing 100 W for one second uses less energy than one drawing 20 W for ten seconds, even though its instantaneous power is higher.
Useful efficiency measures include energy per completed task, joules per request, watt-hours per transcription, or tokens per joule. State whether idle or baseline consumption is included. “Peak power,” “average power,” and “energy for the task” answer different questions and should not be substituted for one another.
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Quality is a required fourth axis
Accuracy, word-error rate, answer quality, or another task-specific criterion belongs beside speed and energy. MLPerf benchmark definitions include quality targets, and MLPerf Tiny evaluates accuracy, latency, and energy together. A configuration that misses the quality target has not demonstrated useful efficiency, even if its speed or wattage looks attractive.
Start by fixing the workload and comparison
Write a short test specification before running anything. It should identify the task, model artifact and version, inputs, output rule, quality target, precision or quantization, runtime, and comparison set.
Define a representative task
- For vision, name the dataset, image dimensions, preprocessing, and required accuracy.
- For speech, specify the audio files, sample rate, language, decoding settings, and acceptable word-error rate.
- For an LLM, fix the model, tokenizer, system and user prompts, context length, maximum output tokens, sampling settings, and stopping rule.
- For an agent, define every tool, network or local service, data source, success condition, and allowed number of steps.
Use the benchmark’s documented workload when making a formal cross-platform comparison. Label a custom prompt set or private application trace as a custom measurement rather than presenting it as an official benchmark result.
Keep model and quality choices comparable
Record model release, weights, quantization, precision, compiler options, and any accelerator-specific kernels. The same named model can behave differently after a runtime update or conversion. If two devices cannot run the same model, disclose the substitution and compare quality rather than silently treating unlike workloads as equivalent.
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Rank #2
- Multi-function power monitor: Our electric usage monitor can monitor the power (W), electricity(kWh), voltage(V), frequency(Hz), current(A), power factor(PF), unit price($/kWh), total cost($) of your appliances. By switching 8 display modes, you can easily know the various parameters while the appliance is working. The “electricity” mode can calculate and display how much power your appliance uses. And the “total cost” mode will show how much electricity bill it cost in cumulative time
- Overload protection: When the loading power of the appliance is over the default overload threshold 1800W, the whole display with backlight and the word “OVERLOAD” will keep flashing to warn the users. Please turn off the appliance for safety concern
- Premium Material: The whole body of our energy meter is made of high-quality ABS material. It makes our home electricity usage monitor more long lasting, fireproof and anti-drop. The standard US socket and plug is suitable for all US standard appliances
- Backlight Display: With white backlight and black words, the LCD display of our home power monitor can display the data clearer and help you to read the data easier no matter day or night. The backlight will only lights up when the device is connected to AC power. If no button is pressed, the backlight turns off automatically after 10 minutes. You can also press the "UP" button to turn off the backlight manually, and press any button to turn on backlight again
- Easy to reset: No reset tool needed, our appliance power usage meter is easy to reset. You can press the “M” button for 5 seconds directly to reset the device. After reset, all cumulative data (electricity quantity, cost) will be cleared, and all settings will be restored to factory settings
Understand closed and open benchmark divisions
MLPerf Inference: Edge has a closed division intended for apples-to-apples use of the reference model and an open division that permits different models or retraining. Identify the division in any result. Official result rows also identify the submitter, software, system, processor, accelerator, and benchmark results; systems may be listed as available, preview, research/development, or internal. MLCommons notes that submitted results can be modified or invalidated, so preserve the benchmark release and result status with your records.
Choose metrics that match the user experience
Throughput
Calculate throughput as completed, quality-valid items divided by the measurement interval. Exclude setup time only when the benchmark definition does so, and say so. For a service handling concurrent requests, report the concurrency or batch size alongside throughput and show how latency changes as load rises.
Interactive latency
For an interactive application, measure from the user-visible request event to the user-visible response. Break that interval into stages instead of publishing one opaque number. Include model loading when a user may encounter it, and distinguish cold-start from warm operation.
Energy efficiency
Integrate the measured power over the task interval:
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For sampled readings, approximate the integral by summing each power sample multiplied by the sampling interval. Report the interval boundaries, sampling rate, and whether baseline or idle power was subtracted. Tokens per joule is useful for generation, but only when tokenization, output length, model, and quality are fixed.
Memory and completion
Record peak memory and whether every trial completed successfully. A device that is faster on successful runs but frequently runs out of memory is not equivalent to one that completes the workload reliably.
Measure an on-device LLM in stages
LLM timing is especially easy to misreport because “tokens per second” usually describes only one part of the interaction.
Rank #3
- Various Monitoring Parameters: The power energy meter can monitor the power (W), energy (kWh), volts, amps, hertz, power factor, cost, minimum and maximum power (W), cumulative days and time of your appliances. By switching 7 display modes, you can easily know the various parameters while the appliance is working. The home energy monitor can also calculate and display how much power your appliance uses and how much electricity bill it cost in cumulative time
- Upgraded LCD Display: With large screen size 2.36 inch x 1.85 inch, clearer monitor backlit, our electrical usage monitor can display the data clearer and more visible no matter day or night. 180°full wide viewing angles is great for reading and recording the data in any angles. No need to stand on the front of the display and bend over to read the numbers
- Adjustable Backlight Time: Our upgraded watt meter has 5 options of backlight time. The default backlight time duration is 10 minutes(bL-0). If you want to change the backlight time, you can press and hold "UP" and "DOWN" button at the same time to enter backlight time setting, then press "UP" and "DOWN" to select the backlight time (bL-0 =10 minutes, bL-1=1 hour, bL-2=4 hours, bL-3=8 hours, bL-4=always on), finally press the "COST" to save the backlight time settings
- Overload Protection: When the power of the appliance exceeds the overload power, the LCD will display “OVERLOAD” to warn the user. All the buttons will quit working and can only be workable when you lower or remove the load power. The default overload power is 3680W and is adjustable from 0 to 3680W. In general, you need to set the overload power to 1800W before using. Just press the "function" button for more than 3 seconds to enter the setting
- Data Memory Function: The wattage meter will record your power consumption data when you remove it from socket, or remove appliances from the electricity monitor. You can directly see the last data when you use it next time. This function can also automatically save the data when there is a sudden power failure
1. Initialization
Start the timer before loading the model and its required artifacts, then stop when the runtime is ready to accept the first prompt. This captures model initialization. Report cold initialization separately from a warm run in which weights and caches are already resident.
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Send a fixed prompt and measure prompt processing until the first output token is available. Google’s AI Edge terminology calls this prefill speed and describes it as processing the prompt up to the first output token. Report either elapsed prefill time or prompt tokens per second, plus prompt length and runtime settings.
3. Decode speed
After the first token, measure generation of a fixed number of additional tokens under a declared stopping rule. Decode speed is the generation rate after prompt processing; do not mix the first-token delay into the steady-state rate without labeling the calculation.
4. End-to-end agent time
An agent may call search, code, storage, or other tools between model turns. Measure the complete user-visible task from request submission to successful completion, then report the portion spent in model inference and the portion spent in tool execution. A faster model does not necessarily produce a faster agent if its tools or orchestration dominate elapsed time.
5. Quality and failure rate
Use a fixed evaluation set or explicit success checks. Record malformed outputs, tool-call failures, timeouts, and incomplete tasks rather than averaging only successful generations.
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Set the power measurement boundary before testing
Whole-system wall power
A plug-in AC meter or power analyzer at the wall measures the complete system: compute device, memory, storage, display or peripherals that remain powered, cooling, and conversion losses. MLPerf Edge reports average AC power for the complete system measured at the wall during the benchmark performance interval. MLCommons states that “The measured power is only valid for the accompanying benchmark.” It also says that a TDP configuration or power-supply rating is not a measured or validated result.
Use this boundary when the question is how much electricity a user’s complete setup consumes. State the wall outlet location, voltage conditions if relevant, meter model and accuracy, sampling rate, and exactly when the interval begins and ends.
Rank #4
- ✓ Backlit LCD Display: The watt meter features an upgraded backlit LCD display with a 160° wide viewing angle, providing clear and distinct data readings from any angle, day or night. (Note: To conserve energy, the backlight will automatically turn off after 15 seconds of continuous use.)
- ✓ 9 Types of Data Display: This energy meter plug accurately monitors a wide range of electrical parameters, including power (W), apparent power (VA), energy consumption (kWh), usage time (hours), power frequency (Hz), power factor (PF), voltage (V), current (A), and electricity cost. The user-friendly interface allows you to easily read and navigate through 9 types of data with a single button.
- ✓ Save Money and Energy: By toggling through the 9 display modes, you can gain insights into various operational parameters of your devices. The home energy monitor also calculates and displays the electricity consumption and cost over time, helping you save on your electricity bills by monitoring and managing energy usage.
- ✓ Data Storage: The plug-in electricity meter stores all non-real-time data, ensuring no information is lost in the event of a sudden power outage. If data exceeds the screen’s maximum display range, the screen will flash as a reminder. Pressing and holding the reset button for 3 seconds will reset the cumulative data to zero.
- ✓ Safe to Use: Rated voltage 125VAC, 60Hz, 15A maximum 1875W resistor and tungsten wire, 1/2HP. Clean and tidy interface, very simple to use.
Board, rail, or component power
Embedded developers may need a board rail or accelerator-only reading. Use an external analyzer or an instrumented rail suitable for the expected range and sampling speed. This can isolate a component, but it excludes other system consumption and cannot be compared directly with a wall measurement unless the boundaries are reconciled.
Low-power devices need special care
MLPerf Tiny covers systems where energy and latency must be evaluated at very low power levels. Tiny devices can make sensor resolution, shunt placement, sampling rate, and measurement overhead significant. Record the instrument range, connection point, calibration approach, and whether the analyzer itself affects the supply.
Separate active, idle, and transition energy
Measure an idle baseline if you intend to report incremental task energy. Also note sleep, wake, model-load, thermal, and charging states. A phone connected to a charger, a laptop on battery, and a board powered from a lab supply are different electrical conditions; do not merge them into one “device power” figure.
Control conditions so runs can be repeated
- Fix the software environment. Record the operating system, driver, framework, runtime, compiler, delegate or backend, model conversion tool, and versions.
- Fix hardware state. Identify the device, processor, accelerator, memory, firmware, clock or power mode, and thermal profile.
- Control temperature and background activity. Record ambient conditions, cooling, fan state, battery or charging state, and background processes. Thermal throttling can turn an early fast run into a later slow one.
- Warm up deliberately. State how many warm-up runs occur, what they initialize, and whether they are excluded from reported statistics.
- Repeat enough times. Use a fixed repetition count, preserve every raw result, and report median, tail, mean when useful, and variability. Never select the fastest run as the headline number.
- Keep inputs identical. Use the same files, prompts, ordering, random seeds where applicable, and output-length rules.
- Synchronize clocks and boundaries. Use a monotonic timer for software events and align power samples with the same start and stop events.
Benchmark and tool choices
| Benchmark or service | Best fit | What it measures or provides | Important qualification |
|---|---|---|---|
| MLPerf Inference: Edge | Standardized edge inference comparisons | Four scenario-specific load patterns, metrics, datasets, and quality targets; closed and open divisions | Understand the scenario before comparing rows. Power is whole-system AC at the wall for the accompanying benchmark only; results may be modified or invalidated. |
| MLPerf Client | Personal computers from laptops through workstations | Currently described workloads include LLM, image-generation, and agentic tasks; agentic tests report end-to-end work with inference and tool-execution breakdowns | Confirm the current release and workload list before making version-specific claims. |
| Google AI Edge Portal | Android-device LLM benchmarking | CPU and GPU benchmarking for LiteRT-LM LLMs, with initialization, prefill, decode, and peak-memory metrics on a physical lab | Google’s May 20, 2026 announcement described more than 120 representative Android device types. At that date, access was a private preview for allowlisted Google Cloud customers, offered at no charge during preview subject to its terms. |
| MLPerf Tiny | TinyML and embedded systems | Accuracy, latency, and energy across keyword spotting, visual wake words, image classification, and anomaly detection workloads | The 2021 paper says development involved more than 50 organizations; that figure describes collaboration, not current adoption. |
| ITU-T benchmark work | Standards-oriented chip and cluster evaluation | Methods including throughput per watt; TR.FRES (2025) addresses power efficiency for foundation-model training and inference systems | This is standards work, not a consumer-device benchmark result. |
| IEEE MLPerf Power paper | Research context for power measurement | The 2025 abstract reports 1,841 reproducible measurements from 60 systems | Attribute those figures to the paper and year; they are not consumer-device averages, and the full text was not available in the cited material. |
Compare devices without hiding trade-offs
Use the same task, quality threshold, and measurement boundary for every candidate. A useful comparison table includes:
| Axis | What to record | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Latency | Cold and warm initialization, first-token or first-result time, median, and tail | Shows both normal interaction and occasional slow responses. |
| Throughput | Completed valid items per second at stated batch or concurrency | Indicates capacity under the declared load. |
| Energy | Joules per task, watt-hours per task, or tokens per joule | Reveals the cost of completing useful work, not just instantaneous draw. |
| Quality | Accuracy, task success, word-error rate, or judged output score | Prevents a fast but unusable configuration from winning. |
| Memory and reliability | Peak memory, failed runs, timeouts, and thermal throttling | Shows whether the workload can run consistently. |
| Reproducibility metadata | Model, runtime, versions, scenario, instrument, sampling, and test conditions | Allows another person to repeat the measurement. |
Interpret the results as a set of trade-offs. Higher throughput can require higher power. Lower energy per task can come with longer latency. A result is useful only if the device completes the required workload at the required quality.
Common mistakes and how to correct them
Using TDP as measured consumption
TDP and a power-supply rating describe design or capacity, not what the tested workload drew. Replace them with a timed measurement and identify the boundary.
Mixing wall and chip readings
A wall meter includes the complete system; an accelerator sensor may exclude memory, conversion losses, cooling, and the rest of the board. Label both and do not rank them as though they were identical.
Best Value
- Various Monitoring Parameters: The power meter plug can monitor the power (W), energy (kWh), volts, amps, hertz, power factor, cost, minimum and maximum power (W), cumulative days and time of your appliances. By switching 7 display modes, you can easily know the various parameters while the appliance is working. The home energy monitor can also calculate and display how much power your appliance uses and how much electricity bill it cost in cumulative time
- Upgraded LCD display: With large screen size 2.36 inch x 1.85 inch, clearer monitor backlit, our electrical usage monitor can display the data clearer and more visible no matter day or night. 180°full wide viewing angles is great for reading and recording the data in any angles. No need to stand on the front of the display and bend over to read the numbers
- Adjustable Backlight Time: Our upgraded watt meter has 5 options of backlight time. The default backlight time duration is 10 minutes(bL-0). If you want to change the backlight time, you can press and hold "UP" and "DOWN" button at the same time to enter backlight time setting, then press "UP" and "DOWN" to select the backlight time (bL-0 =10 minutes, bL-1=1 hour, bL-2=4 hours, bL-3=8 hours, bL-4=always on), finally press the "COST" to save the backlight time settings
- Overload protection: When the power of the appliance exceeds the overload power, the LCD will display “OVERLOAD” to warn the user. All the buttons will quit working and can only be workable when you lower or remove the load power. The default overload power is 3680W and is adjustable from 0 to 3680W. In general, you need to set the overload power to 1800W before using. Just press the "function" button for more than 3 seconds to enter the setting
- Data Memory Function: The wattage meter will record your power consumption data when you remove it from socket, or remove appliances from the electricity monitor. You can directly see the last data when you use it next time. This function can also automatically save the data when there is a sudden power failure
Reporting only tokens per second
Separate initialization, prefill or time to first token, and decode. Include end-to-end time for agents and disclose output length.
Comparing unlike scenarios
MLPerf Edge’s scenario-specific load patterns mean that two rows are not automatically comparable merely because both say “edge.” Check the scenario, dataset, quality target, and division.
Ignoring thermal drift
Long runs can throttle. Record run order and temperature, use warm-up consistently, and report whether later repetitions differ from early ones.
Hiding failures behind an average
Count out-of-memory errors, timeouts, invalid outputs, and failed tool calls. Report completion rate with performance.
Changing several variables at once
Do not attribute a gain to hardware when the model, quantization, runtime, prompt, or quality target also changed. Change one controlled factor at a time or label the result as a system-level configuration comparison.
What to publish with every result
A reproducible report should include:
- Device, processor, accelerator, memory, firmware, operating system, and power mode.
- Model name and version, artifact format, precision or quantization, tokenizer, and runtime or framework versions.
- Dataset, prompts, input dimensions, output-length rule, random-seed policy, and quality metric or target.
- Benchmark name, release, division, scenario, batch size, concurrency, and load-generator settings.
- Definitions of initialization, prefill, decode, end-to-end completion, throughput, and task boundaries.
- Power boundary, instrument, range, accuracy, sampling interval, calibration, wall or rail location, and baseline treatment.
- Ambient and device conditions, charging state, cooling, background load, warm-up count, repetition count, summary statistics, and variability.
- Peak memory, successful-completion rate, failures, and any throttling or access restrictions.
For a custom test, explicitly call it custom. For a published benchmark result, preserve the official result status and release because benchmark rules, available systems, and product access can change.
A compact repeatable procedure
- Write the task and quality target in one paragraph.
- Freeze the model, inputs, output rule, precision, runtime, and versions.
- Choose the benchmark scenario or document why the test is custom.
- Select metrics: throughput, latency distribution, energy per task, quality, memory, and completion rate.
- Choose one power boundary and an instrument appropriate to its range and sampling needs.
- Control thermal, battery, charging, background, and warm-up conditions.
- Run repeated trials, retain raw data, and report median and tail behavior rather than the best run.
- Integrate power over the same task interval used for latency and energy calculations.
- Publish the complete metadata so another tester can reproduce the result.
This procedure keeps the three headline questions separate while showing how they interact: what work was completed, how long it took, how much energy it required, and whether the output met the required quality.
Quick Recap
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