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Build your hurricane kit around three things your household may lose first: safe water, food that needs no refrigeration, and reliable information. FEMA’s baseline is one gallon of water per person per day for three days and at least a three-day supply of nonperishable food. Then adapt that baseline for medical conditions, infants, children, pets, dietary restrictions, mobility needs, and the possibility that you will have to leave home.
Store the supplies where they can be carried quickly, keep a smaller kit in each vehicle or workplace when practical, and make a communication and evacuation plan at the same time. A kit cannot replace local emergency instructions, prescription care, or a safe evacuation decision.
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Start with the three-day baseline, then personalize it
FEMA’s hurricane guidance says, “Have at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food and water for your family.” Its basic-kit checklist is deliberately not a finished, one-size-fits-all package. As FEMA puts it, “This list is only a starting point.” Use the baseline to calculate quantities, then add what your household actually needs.
Water calculation
The FEMA Ready Responder Toolkit (2025) uses one gallon per person per day for three days. That is a planning baseline, not a guarantee that every household, climate, medical condition, or disruption will be covered. It includes drinking and basic needs; hot conditions, illness, nursing, sanitation, or a longer outage may require more.
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| People in household | Three-day baseline | How to calculate |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 gallons | 1 person × 1 gallon × 3 days |
| 2 | 6 gallons | 2 × 1 gallon × 3 days |
| 3 | 9 gallons | 3 × 1 gallon × 3 days |
| 4 | 12 gallons | 4 × 1 gallon × 3 days |
| 5 | 15 gallons | 5 × 1 gallon × 3 days |
| 6 | 18 gallons | 6 × 1 gallon × 3 days |
| 8 | 24 gallons | 8 × 1 gallon × 3 days |
Calculate pets separately rather than assuming the human allowance covers them. Add water for formula preparation, medically necessary hydration, or anyone who cannot safely consume the household’s ordinary food. If officials advise evacuation or a longer shelter-in-place period, follow that instruction and increase supplies when you have warning.
Food calculation
Plan at least three days of food that can be eaten without refrigeration and with little or no cooking. Canned meats, peanut butter, bars, and dry cereal or granola are examples in FEMA’s toolkit. Include enough calories for children and adults, and choose familiar foods that household members will actually eat under stress.
- Count servings for each person for every day, including snacks for children.
- Choose low-preparation foods if electricity, gas, and clean water may be unavailable.
- Pack a manual can opener whenever your plan includes cans.
- Account separately for allergies, diabetes-related dietary needs, texture restrictions, and infant feeding.
- Add pet food rather than diverting human food to animals.
Make the core checklist
Water and food
- Sealed drinking water or clean, food-grade containers filled and stored according to the container maker’s instructions.
- Three or more days of shelf-stable meals and snacks.
- Manual can opener, disposable utensils, cups, and a small amount of salt or other essentials your meals require.
- Infant formula, bottles, and feeding supplies if needed.
- Pet food and a separate pet-water allowance.
Keep food in a cool, dry place away from floodwater, chemicals, and direct sunlight. Put items with expiration dates where you can see them. Do not rely on a refrigerator, freezer, microwave, or electric pressure cooker as the only way to prepare meals.
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Power and communications can fail even when a phone still displays a signal. FEMA’s checklist calls for a battery-powered or hand-crank radio that receives NOAA Weather Radio alerts, a flashlight, extra batteries, and a portable phone battery or charger.
| Choice | Useful when | Limitation to plan for |
|---|---|---|
| Battery-powered NOAA Weather Radio | You can store spare batteries and want simple operation. | It depends on batteries; keep replacements with the radio. |
| Hand-crank NOAA Weather Radio | You want a way to generate limited power when batteries are depleted. | Cranking is manual and does not guarantee phone service or unlimited runtime. |
| Flashlight | You need focused light for moving safely or checking equipment. | It is useless when its batteries are dead; store spares. |
| Portable phone battery or charger | You need to preserve a phone for alerts and family contact. | It stores finite energy and cannot create a cellular signal. |
Keep a printed contact card with names, phone numbers, an out-of-area contact, meeting locations, medication information, and the phone numbers for local emergency management. If a family member relies on a phone for accessibility, translation, health monitoring, or work, plan how that device will be charged.
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First aid and medical supplies
- First-aid kit appropriate to the people in the home.
- Prescription medicines, including a practical reserve when your prescriber and pharmacy allow it.
- Over-the-counter medicines that household members already use, stored in original labeled packaging.
- Glasses, contact-lens supplies, hearing-aid batteries, mobility-device accessories, and other daily medical items.
- Copies of medical records, medication lists, allergies, and clinician or pharmacy contact details.
A generic first-aid kit does not substitute for prescribed treatment. Ask a clinician or pharmacist how to protect temperature-sensitive medicines and how to manage a potential interruption in refills. Pack supplies for the actual people in your household rather than assuming a standard kit covers every condition.
Sanitation and personal protection
- Moist towelettes, hand sanitizer, soap, toilet paper, and menstrual supplies.
- Heavy garbage bags and plastic ties for waste, wet clothing, or temporary sanitation.
- Dust masks for airborne debris and gloves for handling damaged materials.
- Protective footwear, warm clothing, and blankets, as FEMA’s hurricane guide suggests.
- Diapers, wipes, and changing supplies for infants or dependent adults.
Keep sanitation supplies in waterproof bags inside the larger container. Floodwater can contain sewage and debris; do not treat ordinary household gloves or a dust mask as complete protection for hazardous cleanup.
Basic tools and safety items
- Whistle to signal for help.
- Non-sparking wrench or pliers for shutting off utilities only if you know the correct procedure and local guidance permits it.
- Sturdy work gloves, basic hand tools, and a small amount of duct tape.
- Matches or a lighter stored safely and away from children, fuel, and leaking containers.
- Copies of emergency instructions and a paper map for your area.
Never operate a generator, grill, camp stove, or fuel-burning device indoors, in a garage, or near doors and windows. A hurricane kit should support safe decisions, not encourage improvised indoor combustion.
Protect documents and money
Place important records in a waterproof, portable container so they remain accessible if your home is damaged or you must leave. FEMA specifically recommends a waterproof container for important documents.
- Government identification and copies of household members’ identification.
- Insurance policies, policy numbers, and claims contact information.
- Bank-account information and other records needed to access funds.
- Medical, prescription, school, custody, and disability documentation when relevant.
- Property, lease, vehicle, and pet records.
- A small amount of cash in denominations useful for local purchases if electronic payment systems are unavailable.
Keep originals protected and carry copies when evacuation is likely. A password manager or encrypted digital copy can supplement paper records, but do not make a phone or cloud account your only copy when power and connectivity may be interrupted.
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Adapt the kit for children, infants, older adults, and disabilities
Infants and young children
- Formula, bottles, safe water for preparation, diapers, wipes, and diaper-rash supplies.
- Age-appropriate shelf-stable foods and familiar snacks.
- Comfort items, a change of clothes, and activities that do not require electricity.
- Child-size medicines only if already used safely and labeled for that child; ask a clinician about dosing.
Children may not understand why routines changed. A familiar blanket, book, game, or comfort object can make sheltering or evacuation more manageable without adding much weight.
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- Mobility aids, spare batteries, charging cables, transfer equipment, and backup communication methods.
- Hearing aids, glasses, communication boards, and service-animal supplies.
- Medication schedules in large print and a written list of assistance needs.
- Food and water containers that the person can open and use safely.
Ask the person what assistance is genuinely useful. A heavy container that cannot be carried or opened is not an accessible supply. If evacuation requires transportation, arrange it before a storm threatens roads.
Prepare for pets
Pack pets’ food and water separately, plus medications, medical records, and identification. FEMA’s National Preparedness Month 2025 toolkit highlights pet food and water, medications and records, first aid, and identification and leash or harness supplies. Its pet-preparedness material discusses a seven-day food and water supply; treat that as pet-planning context, not a replacement for the general three-day human baseline.
- Food in a waterproof, resealable container and a manual can opener if needed.
- Water, bowls, treats, and a familiar feeding routine.
- Medication, vaccination records, microchip information, and a recent photo.
- Collar with identification, harness, leash, carrier, and waste bags.
- Crate bedding, a towel, and a familiar comfort item.
Identify shelters, hotels, boarding options, or relatives that accept animals before an evacuation order. Do not assume a public shelter will accept every species. Keep pets secured during a storm; frightened animals can escape through damaged doors or windows.
Use the right container and storage layout
Choose containers you can lift and move. A single giant tote may hold everything but become impossible to carry, while several labeled bins let one person grab the most important supplies first.
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| Container | Contents | Design goal |
|---|---|---|
| Water and food bin | Water, meals, snacks, can opener, utensils | Heavy, stable, easy to inventory |
| Health bin | First aid, medicines, glasses, medical records | Quick access; protect from heat and moisture |
| Light and communication pouch | Radio, flashlight, batteries, charger, contact card | Grab immediately; keep electronics dry |
| Document pouch | Identification and insurance copies, bank records | Waterproof and portable |
| Pet or infant bag | Food, water, diapers, leash, bottles, comfort items | Ready to carry during evacuation |
Store the full kit above expected flood levels and away from windows that may break. Everyone old enough to help should know the location. Mark the outside of each container and keep a written inventory inside and on paper elsewhere.
Build portable kits as well as a home kit
FEMA recommends considering a full home kit plus smaller portable kits for work, vehicles, or other places family members spend time. A portable kit does not need the entire home supply; it should cover the period until the person can reunite with the household or reach a safe destination.
Vehicle or workplace kit
- Water and ready-to-eat food sized for the likely delay.
- Small flashlight, spare batteries, phone charger, whistle, and first-aid supplies.
- Medication doses, glasses, contact information, and a paper map.
- Season-appropriate clothing, sturdy shoes, sanitation supplies, and a small blanket.
Do not leave medicines, aerosols, batteries, or food that can spoil in a hot vehicle for long periods. Rotate vehicle supplies more often and follow each product’s storage instructions.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Make the family communication and evacuation plan
Supplies work better when every person knows what to do. Ready.gov advises knowing where to go if told to evacuate quickly and how the family will get there. Local officials determine routes, shelters, curfews, and pickup points, so use current local alerts rather than a generic route saved from an earlier storm.
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- Select an out-of-area contact. Everyone should know how to send that person a short status message if local lines are congested.
- Assign responsibilities. Decide who collects children, pets, medicines, documents, and the light-and-radio pouch.
- Plan transportation. Identify the vehicle, accessibility equipment, alternate driver, and a backup destination.
- Monitor official instructions. Use NOAA Weather Radio, local emergency alerts, and local emergency-management announcements for evacuation or shelter directions.
- Leave early when ordered. Do not wait until floodwater, wind damage, or traffic makes the planned route unusable.
Write the plan down. Include arrangements for relatives who live elsewhere, household members who work night shifts, and anyone who may be separated at school or work when an alert arrives.
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Assemble the kit in one session
- Count household members, pets, and the number of days you are planning to cover.
- Calculate the water baseline and list additional water needs for pets, infants, and medical care.
- Choose three days of no-refrigeration food and check allergies and preparation requirements.
- Gather radio, flashlight, batteries, charger, first aid, medicines, sanitation items, tools, and protective clothing.
- Copy identification, insurance, medical, financial, and pet records into the waterproof document pouch.
- Pack child, infant, disability, and pet supplies in clearly labeled bags.
- Put the bins where they are protected from likely floodwater but can be carried quickly.
- Test the radio, flashlight, and charger; replace missing or expired batteries and supplies.
- Review the communication and evacuation plan with everyone who may need to act.
Maintain and test the kit
Set a recurring reminder to inspect the kit. Replace expired food, medicines, batteries, formula, diapers, and pet supplies; update documents and contact numbers; and resize clothing or child supplies as children grow. Test the radio on both battery and hand-crank power if it has both options. Confirm that everyone can find the flashlight and open the food containers.
- After each storm or drill, record what was used, damaged, or difficult to carry.
- Rotate food into ordinary meals before it expires, then replace it.
- Check water containers for leaks, bulging, or contamination and follow the container maker’s replacement guidance.
- Recheck prescription quantities and medical-device charging needs with the appropriate professional.
- Update evacuation destinations when relatives move, shelters change, or pets’ needs change.
Common kit mistakes and fixes
Buying only a preassembled box
A commercial box may omit prescriptions, infant supplies, pet equipment, accessible containers, or foods your family can eat. Use any ready-made components as a starting point, then fill the gaps with a household-specific checklist.
Counting on a phone for every alert
A phone may lose power, a charger may be unavailable, or networks may be congested. Keep the NOAA Weather Radio, printed contacts, and a flashlight together, and conserve phone power for essential communication.
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Check every canned item and add a manual opener. Verify that meals need little or no water and that your total water calculation includes the whole household and pets.
Putting documents in a drawer or on a phone only
Use a waterproof portable container with paper copies. Digital copies are useful backups, but they may be inaccessible during a power or connectivity outage.
Leaving evacuation planning until the storm arrives
Routes, fuel, shelters, and transportation become harder to arrange under pressure. Decide destinations, contacts, responsibilities, and pet arrangements while conditions are calm.
How to judge whether your kit is ready
Your kit is ready when you can answer “yes” to all of these questions:
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Quick Recap
- Do we have at least the calculated three-day water baseline and food that needs no refrigeration?
- Can we receive weather information and see safely if electricity fails?
- Are prescriptions, glasses, medical records, and accessibility supplies included?
- Can infants, children, older adults, people with disabilities, and pets use the supplies they need?
- Are identification, insurance, and other critical records protected and portable?
- Can one person locate and carry the most important bins quickly?
- Does everyone know the meeting places, contact method, destination, and evacuation responsibilities?
- Have we checked local officials’ current alert, route, and shelter instructions?
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