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How screen sharing works on Plasma Wayland
On an X11 session, many applications can capture windows through longstanding display-server APIs. Wayland deliberately removes that unrestricted access. A browser, meeting client, recorder, or Electron application normally follows this path:
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- The application requests
org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCastfrom the user-session desktop portal. - The portal invokes the KDE backend and presents a consent dialog where you choose a monitor or window.
- After approval, the portal creates a PipeWire session and gives the application access to the selected stream rather than to the entire display.
Keyboard, pointer, and touchscreen injection are not included automatically. An application must also request the org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop interface, and you must approve the requested input devices. Clipboard transfer is another capability that can be enabled or denied independently. A complete remote session therefore combines ScreenCast, RemoteDesktop, and, where supported, clipboard access.
This design explains why a single broken component can look like an application bug. A missing portal interface produces no picker at all; a PipeWire or WirePlumber problem can produce a picker followed by a black image; a denied RemoteDesktop request leaves a visible desktop that cannot be controlled.
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Match the symptom to the layer
| What you see | Most likely boundary | First check |
|---|---|---|
| No sharing dialog, or Share is disabled | Application portal support, portal service, or KDE backend | Test a second portal-aware application and inspect the user-session portal. |
| Picker is empty | KDE portal backend, desktop-session environment, or permission state | Confirm the session is Plasma Wayland, then restart the portal services or log in again. |
| Monitor/window is selectable but the receiver sees black | PipeWire or WirePlumber stream setup | Check both user services and their logs; update the portal and PipeWire stack together. |
| Chromium or an Electron client reports a missing interface | Portal implementation or application packaging | Look for the exact org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast error and compare with a native or differently packaged client. |
| Desktop is visible but keyboard or pointer does nothing | RemoteDesktop consent, server policy, or view-only mode | Approve input devices and disable View Only in the client. |
| Connection cannot be established | Hostname, port, firewall, VPN, credentials, or protocol plugin | Verify the server is running and reachable before changing desktop settings. |
1. Confirm the session and record versions
Start by establishing whether the affected login is Plasma Wayland or Plasma X11. In a terminal, echo "$XDG_SESSION_TYPE" normally prints wayland or x11. The login screen may also offer separate Plasma entries. Reproduce the problem in the same session type in which it occurs; an X11 workaround does not repair a Wayland portal stack.
Record the Plasma, KDE Frameworks, xdg-desktop-portal, xdg-desktop-portal-kde, PipeWire, WirePlumber, and sharing-application versions. Use the version dialog in your distribution’s package manager or each project’s documented version command; package and executable names differ across distributions. Also note whether the application is a native package, Flatpak, Snap, or another sandboxed build. Sandboxing changes which portal path and permissions are available.
Version alignment matters. Plasma 6 release notes describe improvements to Wayland screen mirroring, clipboard sharing in the RDP server, and portal-based application permissions. Update Plasma, the KDE portal backend, PipeWire, WirePlumber, and the sharing client as a coordinated set before relying on old browser flags or workarounds. A partially updated stack can retain the exact failure an update was intended to fix.
2. Separate an application failure from a portal failure
Try the same action in a second application that is known to use portals. For example, compare a browser meeting tab with a different browser, or compare an Electron client with a native recorder. If one application fails while another can select a monitor and transmit it, concentrate on the failing application’s portal support, sandbox permissions, or regression. If every application has an empty picker or no dialog, investigate the desktop portal and KDE backend first.
A KDE community report records Chromium’s failure as:
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Failed to request session: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownMethod: No such interface "org.freedesktop.portal.ScreenCast" on object at path /org/freedesktop/portal/desktop
This message means the application reached D-Bus but the ScreenCast interface was not available at the expected object. Reinstalling or changing the graphics driver will not create that interface. Check that the user-session xdg-desktop-portal service and the KDE backend are installed, running, and selected for the current Plasma session. Then log out and in so the desktop-session environment is rebuilt.
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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchFor a Flatpak, inspect the application’s permissions in your distribution’s Flatpak settings and make sure it is allowed to use desktop portals. Do not grant broad device or host access as a first response: the portal is intended to provide narrowly scoped capture and input consent. Testing a native package can identify a sandbox-specific problem without weakening the permanent security model.
3. Verify the portal, PipeWire, and WirePlumber boundary
The portal must perform two jobs: show the source-selection dialog and open a PipeWire remote after approval. PipeWire must then expose a live stream, while WirePlumber manages the session policy and nodes. A fault in either half can be reported by the application as “screen sharing failed.”
Use your distribution’s user-service manager to inspect the components. On systems that use systemd, these commands are useful examples, but unit names and packaging vary:
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systemctl --user status xdg-desktop-portalsystemctl --user status xdg-desktop-portal-kdesystemctl --user status pipewiresystemctl --user status wireplumber
Read the corresponding user-session journal or log viewer for errors at the moment you click Share. A service can be enabled yet still fail to start because of a missing library, an invalid configuration, or an environment inherited from an older login. If your distribution uses another init system, use its service and log tools instead of copying these unit names.
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After installing or upgrading portal, PipeWire, or WirePlumber packages, restart the affected user services through the distribution’s supported method, or log out completely and sign in again. A full relogin is often the safest way to reload WAYLAND_DISPLAY, D-Bus activation variables, and portal backend selection. Reboot only when your distribution’s update requires it; restarting unrelated graphics services can obscure the original fault.
4. Approve a source and the requested capabilities
A working portal does not automatically share anything. When the dialog appears, select the intended monitor or window and confirm the request. If you select a window, keep that window open; closing it or moving it to a state the compositor cannot expose can end the stream. Some clients remember a previous denied request, so reopen their sharing dialog and explicitly approve it again.
Remote control requires a second approval. When prompted, allow only the keyboard, pointer, or touchscreen devices the session actually needs. If you approve video but deny input, the remote viewer will correctly remain view-only. Clipboard is separate: both the client and server must support it, and policy may disable it even while video and input work.
5. Fix a black screen or an empty picker
Black stream after a successful selection
- Confirm that the receiver is connected to the same stream and that the application did not lose its PipeWire permission after a suspend or session lock.
- Inspect PipeWire and WirePlumber user-session logs while starting a fresh share.
- Restart the portal and media services, then log in again if package changes were made.
- Test a single window and a whole monitor separately. If one works and the other does not, report the capture scope, compositor, and application versions rather than treating it as a general failure.
Empty monitor or window list
An empty list usually means the KDE backend cannot enumerate the current Wayland session or the portal was started outside that session. Confirm that the application and portal run as the same logged-in user, that XDG_SESSION_TYPE is wayland, and that the KDE backend is installed. Log out and back in after changing display-manager or portal configuration. Do not assume an X11-only capture helper can populate a Wayland portal picker.
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No dialog at all
Check whether the application actually supports the portal on your release. A browser or Electron build may ship an outdated portal integration, and a sandbox may block the D-Bus request. Compare with a second application, then update or replace only the failing client. If all clients fail, return to the portal service and backend checks instead of changing application-specific flags.
6. Use KDE’s remote-desktop tools correctly
KRFB is the server
KRFB provides a VNC server for the current Plasma desktop. Configure it on the machine whose screen is being shared, set its authentication and view/control permissions, and keep the server running for the duration of the session. It shares the existing logged-in desktop; it is not a headless display manager.
KRDC is the client
KRDC connects to another machine. KDE documents support for VNC, RDP, and SPICE through protocol plugins. Choose the protocol that the remote server actually provides, enter its hostname or address and port, and supply the credentials expected by that server. If a plugin was installed or removed, restart KRDC before testing; the client may not discover plugin availability until it is relaunched.
| Tool or path | Role | Capture/control model | Typical prerequisite |
|---|---|---|---|
| ScreenCast portal | Application capture request | Monitor or window; interactive user approval | Portal service, KDE backend, PipeWire, WirePlumber |
| RemoteDesktop portal | Application input request | Keyboard, pointer, or touchscreen after approval | Application support and user consent |
| KRFB | VNC server | Current Plasma desktop; server policy controls input | Logged-in Plasma session and VNC configuration |
| KRDC | VNC, RDP, or SPICE client | View-only or interactive according to client and server | Matching protocol plugin, network path, credentials |
7. Diagnose KRDC connection failures as network problems first
If KRDC cannot connect, work from the outside in. KDE’s troubleshooting guidance calls out the remote hostname, port, network or VPN, running server, firewall, credentials, proxy or gateway settings, and enabled protocol plugins. Verify each item before changing Plasma permissions.
- Confirm the remote hostname or address and the protocol’s port. A correct hostname with the wrong protocol port still fails.
- Check that the server process is running and listening on the expected interface, not only on localhost.
- Test the route across the LAN or VPN and inspect both host firewalls. A successful VPN login does not guarantee that the desktop protocol is routed.
- Re-enter the username, password, and, for RDP, any required domain or gateway values. Avoid embedding credentials in screenshots or bug reports.
- Review KRDC proxy, gateway, or SSH-tunnel settings if your network requires them. Disable an obsolete proxy only when you know the direct route is intended.
- Confirm that the matching KRDC protocol plugin is installed and restart KRDC after changing plugin packages.
When reporting a reproducible failure, include the KRDC version, protocol, local operating system, remote server software, network arrangement, and exact reproduction steps. Never include passwords, private keys, or public exposure of an internal address.
8. Restore input and clipboard when video works
Visible desktop, no keyboard or pointer
In KRDC, turn off View Only. Then verify that the server permits control and that the RemoteDesktop request for the necessary input devices was approved. If the remote application requested only ScreenCast, no client-side setting can manufacture input permission; reconnect through a client that supports RemoteDesktop or use the server’s own control mechanism.
Copy and paste does not work
Enable Clipboard Sharing where the client and server expose that option, keep View Only disabled when the protocol requires an interactive session, and test plain text before rich text or file transfer. Clipboard support is protocol- and version-dependent; a working video stream does not prove that clipboard synchronization is implemented on both ends. Plasma 6 release notes include clipboard-sharing improvements in the RDP server, so updating both sides can matter.
9. Understand unattended and headless limitations
Wayland’s portal model is intentionally user-mediated. A connection that starts while nobody is logged in, or that needs input before anyone can approve a dialog, has no normal ScreenCast or RemoteDesktop consent path. KDE’s Plasma/Wayland known-significant-issues page, updated 15 April 2026, explicitly lists “No headless RDP”.
This limitation is architectural rather than a missing checkbox. For unattended administration, choose an arrangement that provides an already-authorized service, use a supported X11 session where its security model is acceptable, or redesign the workflow around an authenticated management channel and an active user session. Each alternative changes the security trade-off: pre-authorized access can bypass the protection that prevents arbitrary applications from capturing the desktop or injecting input. Document who can connect, how credentials are rotated, and how the service is disabled when not needed.
10. Choose a solution by the requirement, not by the symptom
| Requirement | Best-fit path | Authorization expectation | Important caveat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Share one window in a meeting | Application using ScreenCast portal | User selects and approves a window | Client must support the portal and PipeWire stream. |
| Share an entire monitor interactively | ScreenCast portal with monitor source | User approves each session or remembered policy | Compositor and portal versions affect source enumeration. |
| Control the current Plasma desktop | ScreenCast plus RemoteDesktop, or a VNC/RDP server configured for control | User approval or server authentication and policy | View Only, denied input, or unsupported client features leave video-only access. |
| Connect to another machine over VNC | KRDC with its VNC plugin | Server credentials and server-side permissions | Firewall, port, and plugin availability must match. |
| Connect over RDP or SPICE | KRDC with the corresponding plugin | Protocol authentication; Wayland host limitations still apply | Do not assume a logged-out Plasma host can provide headless RDP. |
| Unattended access before login | Authorized service architecture or an X11-based design where acceptable | Pre-authorized rather than portal-mediated | KDE currently identifies no headless RDP on Plasma Wayland. |
11. A repeatable recovery checklist
- Confirm
waylandversusx11and record all relevant versions. - Reproduce in a second portal-aware application to classify the fault as client-specific or system-wide.
- Check the user-session portal, KDE backend, PipeWire, and WirePlumber services and logs.
- Restart those services using your distribution’s supported method, or log out and back in after package changes.
- Approve a monitor or window in ScreenCast and separately approve input devices in RemoteDesktop.
- For Flatpak or Electron clients, inspect sandbox and portal support before granting broad host access.
- For KRFB or KRDC, verify the server/client role, protocol plugin, View Only state, hostname, port, firewall, VPN, credentials, and gateway settings.
- Update Plasma, portals, PipeWire, WirePlumber, and the client together when release notes indicate Wayland, RDP, clipboard, or permission changes.
- If the requirement is unattended, stop looking for a portal toggle and redesign around the documented headless limitation.
What to include in a useful bug report
Provide the Plasma session type, Plasma and KDE Frameworks versions, portal and KDE backend versions, PipeWire and WirePlumber versions, application name and packaging format, protocol, capture scope, whether the picker appeared, the exact error text, and timestamps from the user-session logs. State whether a second application works, whether the failure is black video or no connection, and whether input or clipboard is the only missing capability. Include network topology for KRDC failures and the server software version. Remove passwords, tokens, private keys, and personal meeting links.
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