MULTIPLE_IRP_COMPLETE_REQUESTS is Windows bug check 0x44. It means a kernel driver tried to complete an I/O request packet (IRP) after that packet had already been completed. The reliable fix is to identify the driver that mishandled ownership of the IRP, then update, roll back, disable, or replace that driver. Changing ordinary Windows settings or repeatedly running a cleanup tool will not correct a driver completion defect.
Start by preserving the crash dump and the 0x44 parameters. Parameter 1 is the IRP address, which lets a debugger inspect the request’s stack locations and device objects. Driver Verifier’s I/O checks can then expose the faulty path, especially when the failure depends on cancellation or asynchronous timing.
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What MULTIPLE_IRP_COMPLETE_REQUESTS means
An IRP is a kernel data structure that carries an I/O request through a chain of drivers. A storage, network, USB, audio, graphics, filter, or security driver may receive the request, process it, pass it to a lower driver, and later participate in completion.
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Windows raises 0x44 when IoCompleteRequest is called for an IRP that has already reached completion. Microsoft describes the condition as: “A driver has called IoCompleteRequest to ask that an IRP be completed, but the packet has already been completed.” The usual scenario is not one driver simply calling the routine twice. More often, two drivers each believe they own the same packet: the first completion succeeds and the second triggers the stop error.
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This is a kernel-mode ownership or synchronization failure, not normally a user-mode application setting. A blue screen can cause unsaved work to be lost, and repeated crashes can corrupt files if they occur during writes, so treat recurring 0x44 failures as urgent even when Windows starts normally afterward.
What the code does and does not identify
- It identifies: an already-completed IRP being completed again.
- It does not automatically identify: the first driver that mishandled the packet. The module named at the end of a dump may be the second participant whose completion exposed the earlier error.
- It does not prove: that every trace containing several
IoCompleteRequestframes is faulty. A completion routine can stop completion temporarily and resume it later with another legitimate call.
Preserve evidence before changing drivers
Do not begin by deleting drivers or installing several replacements at once. Each change can erase the evidence needed to determine which component owns the completion path.
- Record the stop screen. Write down
MULTIPLE_IRP_COMPLETE_REQUESTS,0x00000044, the four parameters if displayed, the suspected module name, and the workload that preceded the crash. - Note recent changes. Include Windows updates, graphics or chipset packages, VPN and security filters, storage utilities, USB devices, dock firmware, and any newly installed hardware.
- Check that a kernel or complete memory dump is being written. Press
Win+R, entersysdm.cpl, open the Advanced tab, select Startup and Recovery > Settings, and choose Kernel memory dump or Complete memory dump under Write debugging information. Leave Automatically restart enabled only if you do not need to read the blue-screen details in place. - Confirm free space. The system drive must have enough room for the selected dump. Keep the paging file on the boot volume with a system-managed size unless your organization’s dump policy requires another arrangement.
- After the next crash, copy the dump. Kernel dumps are normally in
C:WindowsMemory.dmp; smaller minidumps are inC:WindowsMinidump. Preserve the original before opening or compressing it.
Inspect the 0x44 dump with WinDbg
Use WinDbg with Microsoft symbols and open the dump that was created at the time of the crash. The important evidence is the IRP address and the stack of drivers that handled it.
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- Open the dump and run
!analyze -v. - Find the bug-check parameters and copy parameter 1, the IRP address. It will look like a kernel address such as
ffff.... - Run
!irp <IRP-address>, replacing the placeholder with the address from parameter 1. Review every stack location, completion routine, pending flag, and device-object pointer. - For each device object shown, run
!devstack <device-object-address>. This displays the device stack so you can see filter drivers above and lower drivers beneath the physical device. - For a suspect module, run
lmvm drivername. Record its file version, provider, timestamp, and image path. A module’s presence in the stack is evidence to investigate, not proof that it caused the first completion.
The second completion attempt can obscure the trail left by the first driver. Compare all stack locations and device objects instead of blaming only the last module named by !analyze -v. Look for two components registering completion handling for the same request, a driver that forwards an IRP and later completes it itself, or a cancel path that can run concurrently with normal completion.
Questions to answer from the dump
- Which driver received the IRP first, and which driver was executing when the second completion occurred?
- Was the IRP marked pending, canceled, or already completed at the point shown?
- Do the device-object pointers form a plausible stack for the affected hardware?
- Does a third-party filter sit between the function driver and the bus or storage driver?
- Does the same module appear in several dumps under the same workload?
Use Driver Verifier to catch the bad path
Driver Verifier can turn a timing-dependent ownership error into a more specific verifier stop. Its I/O verification checks the paths used by IoCallDriver, IoCompleteRequest, and IoFreeIrp. A violation is commonly reported as DRIVER_VERIFIER_IOMANAGER_VIOLATION, bug check 0xC9.
Enable it only for a targeted group of suspect third-party drivers. Verifying every driver can make Windows slow, cause additional intentional crashes, or create a boot loop before the useful driver is isolated.
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Graphical setup
- Press
Win+R, typeverifier, and press Enter. - Choose Create custom settings (for code developers), then continue.
- Select I/O verification. If the crash appears only under asynchronous timing, also select Force pending I/O requests. Microsoft recommends using Force Pending I/O Requests together with I/O Verification.
- Choose Select driver names from a list and check only the suspected non-Microsoft drivers. Include a related filter and function driver only when the dump shows both are part of the same device stack.
- Finish, restart Windows, and reproduce the workload that normally causes the crash.
- Collect the new dump and inspect the verifier report. The more specific failing driver, call stack, or I/O-manager violation is usually more useful than the original 0x44 module name.
Command-line setup and status
From an elevated Command Prompt, the I/O Verification flag is 0x10 and Force Pending I/O Requests is 0x40. For a single suspect driver, you can use:
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The second command combines both checks. Replace suspect.sys with the actual file name; do not copy a name guessed from an unrelated dump. Check the active configuration with verifier /querysettings.
Turn Verifier off after testing
Driver Verifier is a diagnostic mode, not a permanent performance setting. When testing is complete, open an elevated Command Prompt and run:
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verifier /resetRestart Windows. If the machine crashes before you can log in, boot into Windows Recovery Environment, select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart, choose Safe Mode, and run verifier /reset there. If Safe Mode is unavailable, use System Restore from Recovery Environment or restore the system’s previous verifier configuration from an offline administrator Command Prompt.
Understand the driver completion rules
A dispatch routine should complete an IRP when it cannot continue processing, when it handles the requested operation without passing the packet down, or when the request has been canceled. If none of those conditions applies, the routine must either pass the IRP to the next-lower driver or continue handling it.
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- Forward-and-complete: a driver calls
IoCallDriverto pass the IRP down, then later callsIoCompleteRequestas though it still owned final completion. - Double completion in one driver: normal completion and an error or timeout path both reach the completion call.
- Cancel/completion race: a cancel routine completes the packet while the ordinary I/O path completes it at nearly the same time.
- Incorrect ownership transfer: two filter or function drivers each assume the other one will complete the request.
- Use after forwarding: code accesses or completes the IRP after forwarding it without correctly arranging a completion routine and ownership rules.
Seeing multiple completion frames is not enough to prove any of these defects. A completion routine may temporarily stop completion and later resume it, so interpret each frame in the context of the IRP stack, pending state, and device-object chain.
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Apply the fix once the responsible driver is identified
| Evidence | Recommended action | How to validate |
|---|---|---|
| A newer package from the hardware or software vendor changes the I/O, cancellation, or completion path | Install that package for the exact device and Windows build. | Repeat the original workload with Verifier disabled, then monitor for new dumps. |
| The crash began immediately after a driver update and the previous release was stable | Use Device Manager’s Properties > Driver > Roll Back Driver, or install the vendor’s known-good package. | Confirm the old version is active and reproduce the same workload. |
| A nonessential filter or virtual device is implicated | Disconnect or disable the related device temporarily in Device Manager, or uninstall the filter through its vendor’s supported uninstaller. | Check whether the 0x44 disappears without changing unrelated drivers. |
| The physical device repeatedly causes the same verifier violation and no corrected driver exists | Replace the device, dock, adapter, or peripheral, or use a different driver-supported model. | Test the replacement under the same load and compare dump results. |
Install or roll back safely
- Identify the hardware instance in Device Manager, including its exact model and connection type.
- Download the driver from the device maker or system manufacturer for your Windows edition and build. Avoid driver packages intended for a similar but different revision.
- Create a restore point or confirm that recovery media is available.
- Install one candidate version at a time. Reboot when requested.
- Run the workload that previously reproduced the crash. Compare recurrence, verifier findings, and the IRP path rather than merely checking whether the last named module changed.
For a Microsoft-supplied driver with no third-party filter in the stack, install current Windows servicing updates and check whether an optional driver update addresses the device. If the crash persists, collect a fresh dump instead of repeatedly reinstalling the same package.
When the crash occurs only under asynchronous timing
Some defects never appear during a simple, synchronous test. Force Pending I/O Requests makes selected calls return pending so that drivers must correctly wait, mark, forward, and complete the IRP. This can expose an illegal event wait, an access to the IRP after IoCallDriver, or a missing pending-status path. Use it with I/O Verification, reproduce the exact workload, and turn Verifier off after collecting evidence.
Recovery if Windows will not start
- Interrupt startup two or three times to enter Windows Recovery Environment, or boot from Windows installation media and choose Repair your computer.
- Select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings, restart, and choose Safe Mode.
- Run
verifier /resetin an elevated Command Prompt. - If the offending driver was just installed, use Device Manager in Safe Mode to roll it back or uninstall the device, then restart normally.
- If Safe Mode still crashes, use System Restore or restore the latest known-good system image. Do not delete random
.sysfiles fromC:WindowsSystem32drivers; that can make Windows unbootable and removes evidence.
How to compare candidate driver versions
Choose a replacement by evidence, not by the date printed on the file alone. Compare each candidate on these axes:
Quick Recap
- Hardware match: exact device, revision, bus, and firmware combination.
- Windows support: the stated Windows edition and build, including 32-bit or 64-bit requirements where applicable.
- Crash recurrence: results under the same workload, connection state, and power-management settings.
- Verifier findings: whether I/O Verification stops naming the same driver or completion path.
- Path change: whether the version actually changes the IRP completion or cancellation logic implicated by the dump.
Prevent another 0x44
- Keep chipset, storage, network, graphics, and peripheral drivers aligned with the system manufacturer’s supported releases.
- Be cautious with low-level filter software that inserts itself into storage, networking, USB, audio, or security stacks.
- Keep a recent restore point and ensure crash dumps can be written before troubleshooting.
- When testing a driver, change one component at a time and record the version, device, Windows build, and reproduction steps.
- After remediation, retain the original and corrected dumps so a recurrence can be compared quickly.
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