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Rename the word that JavaScript is rejecting if it is being used as a variable, parameter, function, class, or other binding name. First check the token identified by the error and its role: the same spelling can be invalid as a binding but valid as an object property. The exact message and the words restricted also depend on context, including strict mode, modules, async functions, and generators.
What “Unexpected reserved word” means
JavaScript has words with language-defined roles that cannot be used freely as identifiers. Ecma International’s ECMAScript 2026 language specification defines a reserved word as “an IdentifierName that cannot be used as an identifier.” In practice, the parser has encountered a word in a position where the grammar does not allow it as a name.
Engines phrase the error differently. V8 may report SyntaxError: Unexpected reserved word; Firefox and Safari may instead identify a particular word or say it cannot be used as a variable name. The wording varies, but the useful clues are the token and where it appears.
Find the cause and fix it
- Read the full error. Note the file, line, column, and token the parser reports. That location is a starting point: sometimes parsing became impossible at that token because of a syntax mistake just before it.
- Check the token’s grammatical role. Is it being declared as a variable, parameter, function, class, or another binding? Or is it an object property name? A spelling may be allowed in one role and forbidden in another.
- Check the code context. Determine whether the code is a module, strict-mode script, async function, or generator. These contexts affect which names are restricted.
- Rename an invalid binding. Choose a clear ordinary identifier that does not have a special language meaning in that context.
- Parse or run the code again. If the error remains, use the new location and check nearby syntax, parser settings, and any source transformation that runs before the code is parsed.
Example: rename the binding
This declaration uses enum as a variable name, so the parser rejects it:
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const enum = { RED: 0 };Rename it to an ordinary identifier:
const colorEnum = { RED: 0 };Example: distinguish a property from a binding
Do not assume that a word is forbidden everywhere just because it is forbidden as a binding. For example, a reserved spelling can be used as an object property name in a context where it cannot name a variable:
const settings = { class: "compact" };If a property access or object literal is involved, inspect its exact syntax and role before changing the name. The parser’s complaint concerns how the token is being used, not just the spelling by itself.
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Words and contexts to check
Reserved words
Words such as class, const, function, return, and var have language-defined grammatical roles and cannot be used as ordinary variable or function identifiers.
Context-sensitive restrictions
letis restricted in strict mode and in declaration contexts.yieldis restricted in strict mode and within generator bodies.awaitis restricted in module code and async function bodies.- Strict mode also restricts names including
implements,interface,package,private,protected,public, andstatic.
The applicable restriction depends on the actual syntactic context. If a name works in one file but fails in another, compare whether the files are modules, strict-mode scripts, async functions, or generators.
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Escaped spellings do not bypass the check
Writing a reserved word with identifier escape sequences does not make it a different identifier for this check. JavaScript compares the decoded identifier value, so an escaped spelling that decodes to a reserved word remains restricted.
Common troubleshooting mistakes
- Changing the wrong occurrence: Confirm whether the reported token is a binding or a property, then edit the invalid use rather than every matching spelling.
- Assuming the reported column is the original mistake: A missing delimiter or other syntax problem immediately before the highlighted token can make the parser fail there. Check the preceding expression and declaration.
- Assuming the same name is legal everywhere: Recheck strict mode, module status, async and generator context, and declaration position.
- Trying to escape the word: Escapes that decode to the same reserved spelling do not evade reserved-word checks.
- Disabling strict mode as a workaround: This is not the routine fix. It can change program semantics and does not make generally reserved keywords available as bindings. Rename the invalid binding instead.
- Ignoring a changed error location: After each correction, parse again and diagnose the current reported token; one edit may reveal a separate syntax error.
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