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How to Detect CR and CRLF in a PHP String—and What `fopen()` `t` Mode Does

Use strpos() to detect PHP string line-ending bytes, test CRLF before lone CR, and read files in binary mode when original bytes matter. Learn what Windows fopen() text mode changes—and why it is not a detection method.
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Use byte-level checks on the string itself: strpos($string, "rn") detects CRLF, while strpos($string, "r") and strpos($string, "n") detect carriage return and line feed bytes. Check CRLF first when you need to distinguish newline conventions. fopen() text mode does not inspect an existing PHP string; on Windows it translates line endings while a file stream is read or written.

Check for CR, CRLF, and LF in a PHP string

PHP strings are byte buffers without an intrinsic text encoding. In a double-quoted string, r is carriage return (byte 0x0D) and n is line feed (byte 0x0A). Byte-oriented functions such as strpos() can therefore search for these sequences directly. See the PHP string documentation.

$hasCR = strpos($string, "r") !== false;
$hasCRLF = strpos($string, "rn") !== false;
$hasLF = strpos($string, "n") !== false;

The strict comparison with false matters because a match at position zero is valid.

Classify the newline convention

A CRLF ending contains both a CR and an LF. Independent checks can therefore report all three flags as true for the same data. Test the two-byte CRLF sequence before testing individual bytes:

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if (strpos($string, "rn") !== false) {
    $style = 'CRLF';
} elseif (strpos($string, "r") !== false) {
    $style = 'CR';
} elseif (strpos($string, "n") !== false) {
    $style = 'LF';
} else {
    $style = 'none';
}

This reports the first convention found, not whether the entire string is uniform. A file containing mixed endings needs an additional policy: reject it, normalize it, or count each sequence.

Detect a lone CR

To find a carriage return that is not part of CRLF, remove or skip CRLF pairs before searching for r:

$hasCRLF = strpos($string, "rn") !== false;
$withoutCRLF = str_replace("rn", '', $string);
$hasLoneCR = strpos($withoutCRLF, "r") !== false;
$hasLF = strpos($string, "n") !== false;

Use this distinction when legacy Mac-style CR line breaks must be treated differently from Windows-style CRLF.

Reading a file without changing its original bytes

If the bytes come from a file and you need to inspect the original line endings, read it without text translation, then apply the same checks:

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$data = file_get_contents($path);
if ($data === false) {
    throw new RuntimeException('Could not read file');
}

$hasCRLF = strpos($data, "rn") !== false;
$hasCR = strpos($data, "r") !== false;
$hasLF = strpos($data, "n") !== false;

For an explicit stream, use binary mode (for example, fopen($path, 'rb')) when byte preservation is required. The PHP fopen() manual recommends explicit line endings and binary mode for portable handling.

Scanning a large file in chunks

file_get_contents() is convenient for manageable files but loads the whole file into memory. A chunked scanner must retain a trailing CR from each chunk: the next chunk may begin with LF, forming a CRLF pair across the boundary. Without that carry-over byte, the pair can be misclassified as separate data.

For line-oriented reads, fgets() reads through a newline. However, the old auto_detect_line_endings setting was deprecated in PHP 8.1; if CR-only lines matter, handle r explicitly instead of relying on that setting. See the fgets() documentation.

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What does fopen($path, 't') do?

The t modifier requests Windows text-stream translation. It affects file I/O, not a string already held in memory. On Windows, text mode can translate LF to CRLF when writing and CRLF to LF when reading. This behavior is described in the PHP fopen() manual and Microsoft’s C runtime fopen documentation.

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Why t is not a detection method

  • It cannot reveal which bytes were originally present in an in-memory string.
  • Reading through translation may change the bytes before your PHP code sees them.
  • Text translation can damage binary data.
  • Behavior is platform-specific, so it is unsuitable for portable byte inspection.

For portability, the PHP 8.1 deprecations RFC says: “For portability, it is also strongly recommended that you re-write code that uses or relies upon the ‘t’ mode so that it uses the correct line endings and ‘b’ mode instead.” Read the PHP 8.1 deprecations RFC.

Choose the mode based on your goal

Goal Recommended approach Reason
Inspect an existing PHP string strpos($string, "rn"), strpos($string, "r"), and strpos($string, "n") Checks the bytes already in memory
Preserve file bytes for inspection fopen($path, 'rb') or file_get_contents() Avoids text translation
Write portable text output Choose and write the desired n or rn explicitly Makes the output convention intentional
Read ordinary text where platform translation is deliberately wanted Use text mode only with a Windows-specific requirement t changes stream bytes and is not portable

Common mistakes

  • Searching for the literal characters backslash-plus-r instead of the carriage-return byte. Use double quotes: "r".
  • Checking for r before rn when classifying styles, which labels CRLF as CR.
  • Using fopen() to inspect a string that is already in memory.
  • Reading a file through translation and then assuming the result represents its original bytes.
  • Assuming one detected sequence proves every line uses that convention.

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