For ordinary in-page links, add scroll-behavior: smooth to the scrolling element—usually html. Use JavaScript’s scrollIntoView() when a control needs to choose a target or alignment, and jQuery’s .animate() when your project already uses jQuery and you want a set duration or easing. Each approach must act on the element that actually scrolls, and each should respect reduced-motion preferences.
Choose the right smooth-scrolling method
| Method | Best for | Control | Dependency |
|---|---|---|---|
CSS scroll-behavior |
Ordinary links to page sections | Browser chooses timing and easing | None |
JavaScript scrollIntoView() |
Buttons or dynamic actions that scroll to an element | Choose behavior and alignment | None |
jQuery .animate() |
Existing jQuery projects needing a configured duration or easing | Set duration and easing | jQuery |
MDN marks CSS scroll-behavior “Baseline Widely available” across browsers since March 2022, while noting that smooth timing and easing are user-agent-defined. Check your required browser matrix if it includes legacy browsers. MDN: scroll-behavior.
Use CSS for anchor-link navigation
Keep navigation as real links with matching fragment targets. The browser updates the URL fragment and can still navigate if JavaScript is unavailable.
<nav aria-label="On this page">
<a href="#features">Features</a>
</nav>
<main>
<section id="features">
<h2>Features</h2>
<p>Section content goes here.</p>
</section>
</main>html {
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
/* Keep the target below a fixed header. */
section[id] {
scroll-margin-top: 5rem;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
html {
scroll-behavior: auto;
}
}Apply scroll-behavior to the scrolling box. For typical document scrolling, authors commonly set it on html. For a nested scrolling panel, put it on that panel instead. CSS does not provide an author-set duration or easing curve for this property; those are browser-controlled, and the property is not itself animatable. MDN documents the scrolling-box behavior and browser-defined timing.
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Use JavaScript to scroll to a chosen element
scrollIntoView() scrolls the target into view without requiring a hand-built animation loop. Its behavior options are smooth, instant, and auto; auto follows the computed CSS scroll-behavior. The block alignment can be start, center, end, or nearest. MDN: Element.scrollIntoView().
<button type="button" id="go-to-features">Go to features</button>
<section id="features">
<h2>Features</h2>
</section>const button = document.querySelector("#go-to-features");
const target = document.querySelector("#features");
const reduceMotion = window.matchMedia("(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)");
button?.addEventListener("click", () => {
target?.scrollIntoView({
behavior: reduceMotion.matches ? "instant" : "smooth",
block: "start"
});
});If the target sits under a fixed header, set scroll-margin-top on the target rather than adding a different pixel offset to every JavaScript call. If coordinates—not an element—are the right target, the Window and Element scroll()/scrollTo() methods also accept a behavior option. Use the Element method when a nested container should move. MDN: Window.scrollTo().
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Use jQuery when the project already depends on it
jQuery can animate the scroll position using scrollTop or scrollLeft. This example moves the document viewport to the target; it assumes the page has loaded jQuery and that #features exists.
<a class="scroll-link" href="#features">Features</a>
<section id="features">
<h2>Features</h2>
</section>$(function () {
const reduceMotion = window.matchMedia("(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)");
$(".scroll-link").on("click", function (event) {
const target = document.querySelector(this.hash);
if (!target) return;
event.preventDefault();
if (reduceMotion.matches) {
target.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "instant", block: "start" });
return;
}
$("html, body").stop().animate({
scrollTop: $(target).offset().top
}, 500);
});
});The duration above is explicitly 500 milliseconds. jQuery’s documented .animate() default is 400 milliseconds, and its default easing is swing; built-in easing choices are swing and linear. Other easing needs a plugin. The method animates numeric properties, including scrollTop and scrollLeft. jQuery .animate().
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For a nested panel, animate that panel—not html, body. For example, with a scrollable element #panel and a target inside it:
const $panel = $("#panel");
const $target = $("#panel #features");
$panel.stop().animate({
scrollTop: $panel.scrollTop() + $target.position().top
}, 500);Check that the panel has a constrained height and vertical overflow, such as overflow-y: auto. jQuery’s .scrollTop() reads or sets an element’s vertical scroll position; an element that is not scrollable reports zero. jQuery .scrollTop().
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Respect reduced-motion preferences
Some visitors ask their operating system or browser to reduce motion. CSS can turn off smooth scrolling for those users with @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce), as in the CSS example above. For JavaScript calls, check matchMedia("(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)") and choose instant instead of smooth. MDN: prefers-reduced-motion.
Prefer native anchor links for navigation. They preserve keyboard access and fragment behavior while providing a no-JavaScript path. Add scripting only when the interaction needs a dynamic target, custom alignment, or timing control.
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Troubleshoot scrolling that does not behave as expected
- Nothing scrolls smoothly: Confirm the rule is on the scrolling box, not just on a child element. For the page, start with
html; for a panel, set it on that panel. - The heading is hidden behind a fixed header: Set an appropriate
scroll-margin-topon the destination. The value depends on the actual header and layout. - A JavaScript call does nothing: Check that the selector matches an element after it exists in the DOM. Use a real element reference and handle a missing target, as in the optional chaining example.
- The wrong area moves: Identify which element has the scrollable overflow. Call
scrollIntoView()for an element target or scroll the relevant panel’s position; do not assume the document viewport is the container. - jQuery animation does not move a panel: Confirm that the panel has scrollable overflow and animate its
scrollTop, rather than the document’s. A non-scrollable element may report zero. - Motion still occurs for a reduced-motion user: Apply the media query to CSS behavior and check
matchMediabefore script-driven smooth scrolling, including jQuery paths. - Timing differs by browser: That is expected for CSS smooth scrolling because the browser defines the easing and duration. Use JavaScript or jQuery when a configured duration is a requirement.
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