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Freedom251 › Blog › Australia

How to create a bushfire survival plan for your household

By Freedom251 Team · · 10 min read

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Create your bushfire survival plan before the fire season: decide exactly when your household will leave, where you will go, which primary and backup routes you will use, what each person will do, and how pets or people needing assistance will travel. Leaving early is the safest general choice. The Country Fire Authority (CFA) states, “Leaving early is ALWAYS the safest option,” while NSW guidance says you do not need to wait for an official warning before leaving. Write the plan down, keep an emergency kit ready, practise it, and check current local warnings and road conditions when fire risk rises.

Why an agreed plan matters

A bushfire can make ordinary decisions difficult: people may be at work or school, roads can change quickly, and a household may include children, older adults, people with disability or medical needs, pets, or assistance animals. Deciding for the first time during an emergency creates avoidable uncertainty. NSW Government guidance recommends agreeing in advance what the household will do, and CFA planning material divides preparation into actions before the season, before high-risk days, and during a fire.

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Your plan is not a substitute for official directions. A destination or road chosen in advance must be checked again when you act. If emergency services direct you to leave, shelter, or use a particular route, follow the current local instruction rather than an old household assumption.

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Guidance and alert names differ between states and territories. The examples below come chiefly from NSW Government, NSW Rural Fire Service (RFS), and Victoria’s CFA; use your own jurisdiction’s emergency service for current warnings and procedures.

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1. Have the household conversation

Include everyone who may need to act

Bring together household members, caregivers, relatives, neighbours, and other people who provide regular support. Discuss what happens if members are separated at work, school, on a trip, or during an appointment. Identify who can make the leaving decision if the usual decision-maker is unavailable, and who can collect children or dependants.

Talk through likely complications rather than relying on a general promise to “leave early.” Consider illness or injury, reduced mobility, medication schedules, communication needs, transport access, and the time required to load animals and equipment. NSW RFS specifically advises that children, older people, people with disability, and people with medical problems should always leave early.

Choose a clear leaving trigger

Write down the conditions that mean the household leaves, and who has authority to act. A trigger might be a forecast high-risk day, an official warning, a nearby fire, worsening smoke, or a local emergency-service instruction. The exact trigger must suit local advice and your household’s travel time and support needs.

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CFA advises leaving before a fire starts on Extreme or Catastrophic fire-risk days. NSW says people do not have to wait for an official warning before leaving. The practical principle is to depart while roads and conditions are still safe, not after a fire is already threatening the property.

Record the decision for people who are away

Write the trigger, the decision-maker, and the agreed action in the plan. Tell household members how they will receive the decision and what they should do if they cannot reach anyone. A plan should not depend on every person seeing the same alert at the same time.

2. Pick a destination and two routes

Primary and backup destinations

Choose a location away from the fire area where the whole household can stay, such as a suitable friend or family member’s home. Confirm that the host agrees, can accommodate everyone and any animals, and can be reached by your available vehicles. Select a backup destination in a different direction or area in case the first is affected, inaccessible, or full.

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Write full addresses, contact details, access instructions, and any restrictions for both destinations. Include a place that can accept assistance animals or pets if they are travelling with you. The backup is a real alternative, not merely “somewhere safe.”

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Primary and alternate routes

Map a primary route and at least one alternate route to each destination. Note fuel stops, gates, bridges, steep or narrow sections, and places where a vehicle could turn around. Keep paper directions with the emergency kit in case a phone is unavailable or its battery is depleted.

When you are ready to leave, check current emergency and traffic information. A route selected during quiet conditions may be closed, smoky, congested, or within the fire area. NSW Government points households to local alerts and ABC radio; CFA’s planning guidance also requires a safe destination and a backup plan. Current official information overrides the route written in your plan.

3. Assign tasks and communications

Make every responsibility specific

List a named person and a backup for each job. Useful assignments include:

  • Gathering children, older people, or anyone needing assistance.
  • Collecting medications, mobility devices, communication aids, and essential documents.
  • Handling pets and assistance animals, including carriers, leads, food, and water.
  • Checking rooms, bathrooms, sheds, and outdoor areas so everyone is accounted for.
  • Loading the vehicle and confirming that every person and animal is inside before departure.
  • Closing or securing the property only if doing so does not delay departure or create danger.

Give each person a short written checklist. Do not assign a task that forces someone to stay behind or return to a dangerous area. Early departure takes priority over recovering possessions.

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Choose a contact outside the immediate household

Tell a trusted relative or friend where you intend to go and how you will report your arrival. NSW RFS leave guidance emphasises accounting for household members and pets and telling a relative or friend the destination. Record that contact’s name and more than one phone number in the plan and in the emergency kit.

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Agree on what happens if people arrive separately. For example, the first vehicle can continue to the destination while the contact keeps a list of who has arrived. Do not publish your travel details publicly; share them with the chosen contact and relevant support people.

4. Prepare an emergency kit before fire season

Store the kit in a waterproof container or another accessible place known to everyone. It should be possible to grab it quickly without searching through a shed or attic. Keep critical medication, assistive devices, phones, and chargers where they can be added immediately.

Core equipment

Item Purpose or official guidance
Portable battery-operated radio NSW RFS includes one for receiving information if other channels are unavailable.
Waterproof torch and spare batteries Provides light during evacuation or a power outage; keep spare batteries with it.
First-aid kit and manual Use a stocked kit and include the manual listed in NSW RFS emergency-kit advice.
Emergency contact numbers Keep printed numbers for household members, the agreed contact, medical providers, destinations, and local emergency services.
Waterproof document pouch Protect identification, insurance and medical information, property details, and other important records.
Phone and charger Pack the phone, charging cable, and any battery pack you normally rely on.

Personal supplies for at least three days

CFA advises planning what household members and pets need for at least three days. Before departure, add clothing, toiletries, food, infant supplies, special-needs items, medications, and documents. NSW RFS recommends “at least three litres per person per day” of drinking water in its leave-kit advice. This is an agency recommendation for drinking water, not a study result or a guarantee that one quantity suits every climate, medical condition, or journey. Carry additional water when local authorities or your circumstances require it.

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Keep prescriptions, glasses, hearing-device batteries, continence supplies, and essential medical information together. Back up important documents as CFA recommends, but retain a usable offline copy in the waterproof pouch.

Vehicle loading order

  1. Place the kit, water, medications, documents, and communication equipment where they can be reached without unloading the vehicle.
  2. Load mobility equipment and other items that a person cannot travel without.
  3. Secure children’s equipment and seat everyone according to the vehicle and restraint requirements that apply to you.
  4. Load pet carriers, leads, food, and water so animals cannot escape while doors or boots are opened.
  5. Check fuel, tyres, lights, and the planned route before leaving; use current official road information.

5. Plan for children, older adults, disability, and health needs

For each person needing extra support, record mobility, communication, cognitive, sensory, and medical requirements. Note medication names and schedules, prescriber or carer contacts, allergies, equipment, and the person who can provide assistance. Keep medicines and assistive devices in the vehicle rather than in a room that might be inaccessible during a fast departure.

Arrange transport that can accommodate wheelchairs, walkers, oxygen equipment, service animals, or other aids. Ask a trusted support person to be the backup driver or carer. Include a familiar comfort item and a simple explanation of the plan for children or anyone who becomes distressed under pressure.

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NSW RFS says higher-risk groups should always leave early. CFA provides planning material for people with additional needs and recommends preparing an emergency bag in advance. Do not ask a person with limited mobility, a child, or an older adult to remain while another household member completes a task.

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6. Include pets and assistance animals

Decide where animals will go

Confirm that the primary and backup destinations accept your animals. If a destination cannot, identify another safe location and the transport needed to reach it. Decide which person catches each animal, who carries the supplies, and how animals are checked off before departure.

Build an animal kit

CFA’s pet guidance identifies these useful supplies:

  • Food and drinking water, with bowls.
  • Collar, lead, harness, and a carrier or crate where needed.
  • Pet first-aid supplies and prescribed medication.
  • Current identification, health records, and veterinarian details.
  • Familiar bedding or toys to reduce stress.
  • Cleaning supplies and waste bags.

Keep identification current and practise getting each animal into its carrier or vehicle. Never stay home or return for a pet if doing so places a person’s life in danger. Human safety takes priority; arrange the animal plan so leaving does not depend on a last-minute rescue.

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7. Monitor official information

Use the fire danger ratings, warnings, emergency-service channels, and road information for your jurisdiction. NSW Government identifies Hazards Near Me NSW, RFS information, and local ABC radio as examples. Victoria’s CFA plan directs people to VicEmergency. These are state-specific examples, not a single national app recommendation.

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Check information before a forecast high-risk day, again when a fire is reported, and immediately before travelling. Confirm both the destination and route. If information conflicts, follow the current direction from the relevant emergency service and do not wait for every household member to agree once the agreed trigger has been met.

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8. Practise and review the plan

Run a household drill

CFA advises practising household roles and loading the car. Walk through the plan before fire season: sound the alert, collect the kit, secure children and animals, load the vehicle, account for everyone, and identify the departure time. Practise the alternate route only when conditions are safe and current road rules permit it.

After the drill, fix practical failures. A carrier that does not fit, a missing medication, an inaccessible document pouch, or a child who cannot reach the vehicle is a plan defect, not a minor inconvenience.

Review before every fire season and after changes

Update the plan when someone moves, a child starts school, a person’s health or mobility changes, a pet joins the household, a vehicle changes, or a destination becomes unavailable. Replace expired batteries, food, medication, and water. Reconfirm the support contact and destination hosts.

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CFA’s planning process calls for ongoing practice and review. NSW Government’s online My Fire Plan is described as taking 15 minutes on its page; that is the page’s stated estimate, not an independently verified preparation time. Use the tool or a written plan, then add the household-specific details that a generic form cannot know.

A decision checklist for leaving

Use this checklist while conditions are still safe:

  • Has the agreed leaving trigger been reached, or have emergency services directed you to act?
  • Is everyone accounted for, including children, dependants, and animals?
  • Are medications, mobility aids, documents, phones, chargers, water, and the emergency kit loaded?
  • Can the primary destination and route currently be reached safely?
  • Has the backup destination or route been checked if the primary option is affected?
  • Has the trusted contact been told where the household is going?
  • Have you left before fire, smoke, or road conditions make travel dangerous?

If the primary option is no longer safe, use the current official direction and the backup plan. Do not delay departure to collect non-essential property or to return for an animal.

Common planning mistakes and corrections

Mistake Correction
Waiting for an official warning before deciding. Set a trigger in advance; NSW says you do not need to wait for a warning to leave.
Treating a saved route as permanently safe. Check current road and emergency information when leaving.
Keeping the kit somewhere only one person knows. Store it in an accessible, waterproof location and show everyone where it is.
Leaving pets out of the transport plan. Assign an animal handler, carrier, supplies, destination, and backup destination.
Assuming a person with additional needs can leave without extra time. Arrange transport, medication, equipment, and a backup helper; leave early.
Relying only on a phone. Keep printed contacts, paper directions, a portable battery radio, torch, and spare batteries.
Practising only the conversation. Practise loading the car, handling pets, accounting for people, and using the alternate plan.

State-specific starting points

For NSW, start with the NSW Government household-plan guidance at Make your household bushfire plan, the NSW RFS Emergency survival kit advice, and Prepare yourself and family. NSW risk and travel information is available at Understand your risk of bushfires.

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For Victoria, use CFA’s Bushfire plan, Make your fire plan, Pets and bushfires, and What to take with you. Residents and travellers elsewhere in Australia should use their state or territory fire and emergency-management agency for the equivalent warnings, apps, evacuation centres, and road information.

One-page household plan template

Plan field Write your household’s answer
Leaving trigger and decision-maker State the conditions and the person authorised to decide.
Primary destination Full address, host, phone, access details, and animal arrangements.
Backup destination Full address, host, phone, access details, and animal arrangements.
Primary route Route, hazards, fuel point, and current-information source.
Backup route Alternative route and conditions that make it preferable.
Household roles Names for children, dependants, medications, documents, pets, loading, and headcount.
Support contact Name, phone numbers, and when to report arrival.
Special needs Medicines, equipment, transport, communication, and backup helper.
Kit location Where the waterproof kit, water, documents, and pet supplies are stored.
Review date Date before each fire season and after any household change.

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Australiabushfire safetyemergency preparednessevacuationhousehold planningpet safety

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