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Choose the destination before choosing a command
“Connect to the BMC over serial” can describe three different paths. They do not provide the same prompt or require the same equipment.
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| What you want | Transport | Typical command or method | What you reach |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMC management shell | SSH, TCP 22 | ssh USER@BMC_HOST |
The OpenBMC Linux command line |
| Host serial console through the BMC | SSH, TCP 2200 | ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOST |
The server or host UART console |
| Host console from an existing BMC shell | Local OpenBMC console client | obmc-console-client |
The host UART console attached to OpenBMC |
| BMC’s own physical console | Board-level serial interface | Terminal program and hardware-specific cable | The BMC console, and possibly bootloader output |
| Host console through management protocol | Optional IPMI SOL | Platform-specific IPMI commands | The host UART, when firmware and policy enable SOL |
OpenBMC’s interface documentation labels port 22 “ssh – shell” and port 2200 “ssh – host console.” Port 2200 is therefore not an alternate BMC shell; it is a connection to the host UART path when the platform has configured and exposed that path.
What you need before connecting
- The BMC management hostname or IP address, supplied by the administrator or the platform documentation.
- Network reachability from your client to the BMC management network.
- A username and password, key, or other credential provisioned for that BMC.
- SSH enabled on the image, with the host-console service enabled if you need port 2200.
- For a physical serial link, the exact server or board manual, because OpenBMC does not define a universal connector, pinout, voltage level or baud rate.
The OpenBMC project documents the SSH services, but network addressing, account policy and service enablement vary by platform and image. Do not assume that credentials shown in a development example exist on deployed hardware.
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Clarify the destination with whoever owns the system before making changes. “BMC access” may mean inventory and power-management commands on the BMC, while “console access” normally means keystrokes delivered to the host. A console session can interrupt boot, enter a bootloader, or log into the operating system, so use it only when that level of control is intended.
How do I SSH into an OpenBMC BMC?
Connect to the BMC shell on port 22
- Identify the management address. Substitute a resolvable hostname or IP for
BMC_HOST. - Open a terminal on a system that can route to the BMC management network.
- Run
ssh USER@BMC_HOST. SSH uses TCP port 22 by default. - Authenticate with the credentials or key assigned to this device.
ssh USER@BMC_HOSTAfter authentication, you are operating in the BMC’s shell. Commands and files here belong to OpenBMC, not to the host operating system. A successful login on port 22 confirms that the management SSH service is reachable; it does not prove that the host console is configured.
If your site uses a nonstandard management port, a bastion host, or a separate management VLAN, follow that site’s connection procedure and preserve the destination distinction. The OpenBMC interface description identifies the normal shell service as port 22, but a vendor image or network policy can change how you reach it.
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Project cheatsheets may show a compact command such as ssh -p 2200 root@bmc. In that example, root is a placeholder for the example environment’s account. Use the account provisioned for your BMC, follow its authentication policy and change any development credentials before production use.
How do I connect to the host console over SSH?
Use port 2200
Connect to the same BMC address, but select TCP port 2200:
ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOSTThe OpenBMC console guide specifies the ordinary BMC login credentials for this path. If the platform has mapped its host UART to OpenBMC’s console service, the resulting session carries the host’s serial output and input. You may see firmware messages, a bootloader prompt, an operating-system login prompt or an already-running console, depending on host state and UART configuration.
Port 2200 does not log you into a second Linux shell on the BMC. It is a separate SSH service that hands the connection to the host-console path.
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The console is interactive, not a copy of the BMC filesystem. A command typed there is interpreted by the host firmware or host operating system. Conversely, commands typed after a port-22 login affect the BMC. If you are documenting an incident, record both the BMC address and the port so another operator can reproduce the same destination.
What must be true for port 2200 to work?
- The BMC address must be reachable from your client.
- SSH must be enabled on the BMC image.
- The host-console service must be enabled and listening on the platform’s build.
- The account must be permitted to use that service.
- The host UART must be routed to the BMC and configured by the platform.
- Firewalls and network ACLs must allow TCP 2200.
OpenBMC documentation describes the service and port, but it does not promise identical enablement on every board or image. Check the model-specific platform documentation when port 22 works and port 2200 does not.
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How to open the host console from inside the BMC
If you already have a shell on the BMC, use the local client:
obmc-console-clientOpenBMC’s console architecture separates the server and client. obmc-console-server abstracts the host UART through a Unix-domain socket; obmc-console-client attaches a terminal session to that service. The implementation is designed around a serial-port-backed server and a client that can be connected to an SSH session.
This route is useful when you first SSH to port 22 for administration and then need to inspect the host boot process without opening a second network connection. It still depends on the platform having a configured host UART and a running console service.
The local client also helps isolate network questions. If the local command works but port 2200 fails, the UART and console service may be healthy while the external listener, firewall, or account authorization is the problem. If both fail, investigate platform routing, host state, and service enablement rather than repeatedly changing the SSH syntax.
Leaving a console session safely
Direct console-client or port-2200 session
When you are directly connected to the console client, press Return, then type:
~.The tilde-and-period sequence disconnects the console client. Pressing Return first ensures the escape sequence begins at the start of a line.
Console client nested inside a BMC SSH shell
If you SSH to port 22, run obmc-console-client, and then need to leave the nested session, press Return and type:
~~.The doubled tilde passes the escape through the outer SSH session to the inner console client. The exact behavior depends on how the session was entered. If the characters appear on the host instead of disconnecting, verify whether you are in a direct port-2200 connection or a console client nested inside another SSH session.
These sequences end the console attachment; they do not power off the host or stop the BMC. After the escape, check that your prompt is the BMC shell or your local terminal before running administrative commands.
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What “over serial” means in OpenBMC
Host serial console exposed by the BMC
In the common remote-management case, the BMC is physically connected to a host UART. OpenBMC’s console service reads and writes that UART, then makes it available through obmc-console-client and, when configured, SSH port 2200. The remote user does not need a serial cable to the host; the BMC provides the network bridge.
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This path is valuable during host boot because it can remain available when the host network stack is not running. It is still dependent on the BMC’s own management network and on correct host-side UART routing. A powered-off host, a host using a different UART, or firmware configured without console output can produce a quiet but otherwise successful connection.
Direct physical serial access to the BMC
A direct connection to the BMC’s own console is different. It may expose OpenBMC boot messages, a bootloader and a BMC shell, depending on the board design and boot configuration. Connector type, signal levels, pinout, flow control and terminal speed are hardware-specific. OpenBMC project documentation does not establish one universal wiring standard.
Before attaching a cable, consult the exact server or board manual. Confirm whether the connector carries 3.3-volt or another logic level, whether it is a UART header or a vendor-specific receptacle, which pins are ground, transmit and receive, and whether an approved adapter is required. A cable intended for a different electrical level can damage the board; a reversed transmit/receive pair usually produces silence rather than a usable console.
Do not confuse the BMC’s physical debug UART with a host serial connector on the chassis. The two can use different voltage levels and pinouts even on the same product. If the manual does not identify a connector as a BMC console, stop and obtain the model-specific service documentation instead of testing arbitrary pins.
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Physical serial connection checklist
- Record the precise board or server model and revision.
- Find the manual’s BMC-console or debug-UART section.
- Verify connector, pinout, signal voltage and whether a level converter is required.
- Verify terminal settings, including baud rate, data bits, parity, stop bits and flow control.
- Connect signal ground first and use only a cable rated for that interface.
- Start a terminal program before powering or rebooting the board so boot output is captured.
- Press a key only after confirming that the manual identifies the interface as an input-capable console.
Do not infer a baud rate or pinout from another OpenBMC board. Two systems can run the same software while exposing entirely different physical connectors.
If the terminal is silent, capture during a cold boot or reboot because a running system may not emit anything. If output is garbled, stop transmitting and recheck the documented electrical level and serial parameters before trying another adapter.
Alternative host-console access with IPMI SOL
OpenBMC architecture documentation also lists network IPMI as a possible host-console path, and an example platform demonstrates activating and deactivating IPMI Serial-over-LAN (SOL). This is an alternative, not a guaranteed feature. Firmware support, account permissions, cipher settings and network policy must all permit it.
Commands, credentials and cipher selections shown by an example platform apply to that example. Do not copy them as universal defaults. If your platform documentation specifies IPMI SOL, follow its exact activation, connection and exit procedure; otherwise use the documented SSH port-2200 path or the local console client.
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Compare SOL with SSH by destination and prerequisites: both can deliver the host UART, but SOL adds IPMI service configuration and its own authorization and cipher policy. Neither method changes the board-level wiring; both depend on the host UART being assigned to the BMC.
Comparing the access choices
| Choice | Best for | Requires | Main limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| SSH port 22 | BMC administration and diagnostics | Management reachability and BMC credentials | Does not provide the host console |
| SSH port 2200 | Remote host boot or operating-system console | Host-console service, UART routing, TCP 2200 access | Unavailable on builds that do not expose the service |
obmc-console-client |
Host console from an existing BMC shell | Local console service and configured UART | Requires a BMC shell first |
| Physical BMC serial | BMC bootloader or recovery output | Exact board cable, pinout, voltage and terminal settings | Requires physical access and model-specific hardware knowledge |
| IPMI SOL | Sites standardized on IPMI tooling | Enabled IPMI/SOL support, permissions and policy | Platform-specific commands and security settings |
The most reliable first choice is the one matching the destination you actually need. Changing from port 22 to 2200 will not fix a missing host UART, and attaching a physical cable will not substitute for a network ACL that blocks the BMC management address.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshooting by symptom
Port 22 works, but port 2200 is refused or times out
- Confirm that you used the same BMC address and the command
ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOST. - Check whether the platform image enables the host-console service.
- Check network ACLs and firewalls for TCP 2200.
- Verify that the host UART is assigned to the BMC console service.
- Consult the platform documentation for a service-status or enablement procedure.
A working BMC shell proves only that SSH on port 22 is available. The two ports represent different services.
SSH authentication fails
- Use the credentials provisioned for this BMC rather than credentials from a project example.
- Check the username spelling, key selection and account lockout policy.
- Confirm that the account is authorized for the host-console service, not merely for the BMC shell.
- Ask the administrator whether the image disables password authentication or requires a particular key.
The console connects but shows no output or login prompt
- Check whether the host is powered on and has progressed far enough to emit console output.
- Verify that the intended UART is routed to the BMC.
- Check the host firmware and operating-system console configuration.
- Consider whether another session has exclusive access or whether the platform requires a console-service restart.
These checks are platform-dependent. A blank session does not by itself identify a networking problem; the SSH connection may have reached the UART while the host is powered off, silent or routed elsewhere.
A direct serial terminal is garbled or silent
- Recheck the board manual’s connector and pinout.
- Confirm signal voltage and use the specified level adapter.
- Check baud rate, parity, stop bits and flow control.
- Swap transmit and receive only if the manual’s pin definitions support that test.
- Capture output during a reboot, because a running system may not print continuously.
The OpenBMC project does not define a universal physical serial setting, so a generic terminal profile is not reliable.
You need console logs
The OpenBMC host-console guide names /var/log/obmc-console.log as the console log. It states that the log wraps after reaching a current limit of 16 kB. That is the guide’s stated configuration, not a guarantee that every deployed image uses the same size. Retrieve or inspect the file promptly when diagnosing a transient boot problem because older entries can be overwritten.
The escape sequence does not disconnect
First press Return so the escape starts at the beginning of a line. Use ~. for a direct console-client or port-2200 session. Use ~~. only when the console client is nested inside a port-22 SSH shell. If the host receives the characters, identify which layer currently owns the terminal before trying again.
A practical decision path
- Need BMC administration? Use
ssh USER@BMC_HOSTon port 22. - Need the host’s firmware or operating-system console remotely? Use
ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOST, provided the platform exposes that service. - Already in the BMC shell? Run
obmc-console-client. - Need the BMC’s own boot output or a recovery console? Use the board-specific physical serial interface described in the hardware manual.
- SSH console is unavailable but IPMI is approved and configured? Follow the platform’s IPMI SOL procedure.
Security and operational cautions
- Keep BMC management and host-console ports on a restricted management network; do not expose them directly to an untrusted network.
- Use individual, auditable accounts where the platform supports them, and remove or change development credentials.
- Remember that a host console can accept input, including bootloader and operating-system commands. Treat a port-2200 session as privileged access.
- Record which destination you used in incident notes. “SSH to the BMC” can mean the BMC shell or the host console, and the recovery steps differ.
- When sharing diagnostics, redact passwords, private keys and sensitive console output.
Command reference
| Purpose | Command or sequence |
|---|---|
| BMC shell | ssh USER@BMC_HOST |
| Host console over SSH | ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOST |
| Host console from BMC shell | obmc-console-client |
| Exit a direct console session | Press Return, then ~. |
| Exit a nested console-client session | Press Return, then ~~. |
| Host-console log path | /var/log/obmc-console.log |
Bottom line
Use port 22 for the OpenBMC shell and port 2200 for the host serial console. From an existing BMC shell, obmc-console-client reaches the same host-console path. A physical serial connection to the BMC is not standardized by OpenBMC, so connector, electrical and terminal details must come from the exact hardware manual. If one path fails, troubleshoot its own service, credentials, UART routing and network policy rather than treating all “serial” connections as interchangeable.
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How do I SSH into an OpenBMC BMC?
Use ssh USER@BMC_HOST for the BMC shell on TCP port 22, using the credentials provisioned for that device.
What is SSH port 2200 on a BMC?
OpenBMC uses port 2200 for the host serial console when the platform exposes and configures that service. Connect with ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOST; it is not a second BMC shell.
How do I connect to the host console from the BMC shell?
Log in to the BMC on port 22 and run obmc-console-client. The command attaches to the configured host UART console.
How do I exit an OpenBMC console session?
For a direct console-client or port-2200 session, press Return and type ~.. When the client is nested inside a port-22 SSH shell, press Return and type ~~..
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The ports serve different services. Check host-console enablement, TCP 2200 firewall rules, account authorization, UART routing and the platform’s documentation.
How do I connect to the BMC serial console physically?
Use the exact server or board manual to identify the connector, pinout, electrical level, terminal settings and approved adapter. OpenBMC does not define universal physical serial wiring.
What if the host console is blank?
Check host power and state, UART routing, firmware and operating-system console configuration, and whether the platform service is running. A blank console can still represent a successful connection to a silent or powered-off host.
Can I use IPMI Serial-over-LAN instead?
Some platforms support IPMI SOL, but it requires platform-specific firmware support, permissions, cipher settings and network policy. Follow that platform’s procedure rather than copying commands from an example system.
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Where is the OpenBMC host-console log?
The console guide names /var/log/obmc-console.log and describes a current 16 kB wrapping limit. Deployed images may use different settings, so inspect the platform configuration.
The Bottom Line
Use port 22 for the BMC shell, port 2200 for the host console, and obmc-console-client from an existing BMC shell. Physical BMC serial access is board-specific: follow the exact hardware manual.
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