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Before wiring: identify the exact module
“Presence radar sensor” describes many devices with different power, logic, pinout, and communication requirements. This guide covers the standard HLK-LD2410 family documented by ESPHome: LD2410, LD2410B, and LD2410C. ESPHome lists those models under its LD2410 component; do not assume another similarly named module uses the same wiring or protocol.
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Read the label and the manual for your exact variant, then match the board’s printed pin names to the manual before connecting anything. The HLK-LD2410 manual specifies 5 V input (and notes 5–12 V acceptance) and 3.3 V interface logic; use the exact variant’s documentation rather than generalizing those figures. The LD2410S is documented separately by ESPHome, so do not transfer standard LD2410 instructions to it without checking its own requirements.
Parts and wiring
You need an ESP32 development board, an ESPHome-supported HLK-LD2410 variant, and jumper wires or an adapter suited to the module’s connector. Select a power source appropriate for both the sensor and the board. The connection table assumes the standard HLK-LD2410 signal names:
#1 Best Overall
- The LD2410C is a high-performance 24GHz human presence detection module that employs FMCW (Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave) technology to precisely identify human targets within a predefined area
- By combining radar signal analysis with sophisticated human recognition algorithms, it achieves high-accuracy presence tracking while simultaneously measuring target distance and supplementary metrics
- In contrast to traditional sensors, the LD2410C is capable of detecting not only moving persons but also stationary individuals, subtle movements, and seated or reclining postures, delivering enhanced detection reliability
- Offering real-time monitoring and rapid response, the module covers a detection range of up to 5 meters with a distance resolution of 0.75 meters, guaranteeing consistent operation
- Equipped with GPIO and UART interfaces for easy integration, it allows for versatile application in diverse smart environments and end products
| HLK-LD2410 pin | ESP32 connection | Purpose and notes |
|---|---|---|
| VCC | Suitable 5 V supply | The HLK-LD2410 manual specifies a 5 V input and notes 5–12 V acceptance. Follow the exact module manual and ensure the supply is suitable for the board and sensor. |
| GND | GND | Connect grounds to give UART signals a shared reference. |
| UART TX | Chosen ESP32 UART RX GPIO | Cross the data lines: sensor TX goes to host RX. |
| UART RX | Chosen ESP32 UART TX GPIO | Cross the data lines: sensor RX goes to host TX. |
| OUT (optional) | Free ESP32 GPIO input | Use only if a one-bit presence output is useful; UART is the richer ESPHome integration route. |
Do not connect TX-to-TX or RX-to-RX. GPIO17 for ESP32 TX and GPIO16 for RX are illustrative pins for a classic ESP32 arrangement, not universal board recommendations. ESP32’s GPIO Matrix allows UART signals to be routed through GPIOs, but the pins exposed and usable depend on the particular development board and ESP32 variant; consult its pinout and restrictions before choosing them. See Espressif’s ESP32 datasheet.
Configure ESPHome UART and the LD2410 component
The standard LD2410 default UART setting is 256000 baud, no parity, and one stop bit. ESPHome recommends using a hardware UART where available to handle the default rate well. Configure the UART on the same ESP32 pins you wired, then attach the LD2410 component to it:
Rank #2
- Ultra-High Sensitivity Human Presence Sensor for Stationary/Micro-Motion: The LD2410C mmWave sensor detects both moving and stationary humans (e.g., sitting, lying, or micro-movements) with advanced FMCW radar technology. With a 6-meter maximum range and ±60° detection angle, it reliably identifies targets even in complex environments. Configurable distance zones and sensitivity levels allow customization for smart lighting, security systems, or health safety applications.
- All-Environment Adaptability & Invisible Installation: Unlike PIR or IR sensors, this mmwave presence sensor works flawlessly in varying temperatures, lighting conditions, or humidity. The sleek design allows hidden installation without surface openings, maintaining product aesthetics while ensuring robust performance.
- BT UART Configuration for Smart Customization: Use the dedicated APP or UART interface to fine-tune parameters like detection range (0.75m to 6m), zone sensitivity, and idle timeout. The intuitive configuration tool simplifies setup for developers, enabling rapid integration into smart home devices, IoT projects, or industrial systems like UV lamp safety guards or retail display screens.
- Plug-and-Play Integration with Versatile Output: Supports GPIO (3.3V) and UART output for immediate connectivity to microcontrollers or automation systems. The compact 16mm×22mm form factor suits wall/ceiling mounting and works with 5V power (200mA). Ideal for energy-saving applications (e.g., automatic lighting, HVAC control) or security alerts when motion is detected in restricted areas.
- Cost-Effective Radar Solution for Mass Applications: The LD2410C millimeter wave radar detection sensor offers superior performance compared to competing mm wave sensors. Perfect for OEMs and developers creating cost-sensitive products like smart bulbs, retail kiosks, or industrial safety systems. Its extreme temperature tolerance (-40°C to 85°C) ensures reliability in extreme environments.
uart:
id: radar_uart
tx_pin: GPIO17
rx_pin: GPIO16
baud_rate: 256000
parity: NONE
stop_bits: 1
ld2410:
uart_id: radar_uart
binary_sensor:
- platform: ld2410
has_target:
name: Presence
has_moving_target:
name: Moving target
has_still_target:
name: Still targetThe GPIO numbers are examples only; replace them with available pins on your exact board and ensure their TX/RX roles match the wiring. The UART settings shown match the standard LD2410 defaults. If your module has been configured differently, the serial settings on both ends must match.
Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteESPHome can expose target state as well as additional measurements and controls through its LD2410 component. Add the entities your project needs, such as distance or energy readings, using the current component reference rather than assuming every optional entity is enabled by the snippet above.
Rank #3
- LD2410B is A Highly Sensitive 24GHz Human Presence State Sensing Module,Can Identify the Human Body in Motion and Static State, and Can Calculate the Distance of the Target and Other Auxiliary Information
- 24GHz ISM Band, The Farthest Sensing Distance is Up to 5 Meters, the Detection Angle is Large, the Coverage Range is Up to 60 Degrees, the Accurate Identification Within the Interval is Supported, the Sensing Range is Divided, and the Interference Meter Wave Sensor Module Outside the Interval is Shielded
- LD2410B Sensor Module has Good Environmental Adaptability, and the Induction Effect is Not Affected by the Surrounding Environment Such as Temperature, Brightness, Humidity and Light Fluctuation,Simple Assembly Method, Support Hanging Top, Hanging Wall and Other Installation Methods
- HLK-LD2410B-P Radar Sensor Module Supports GPIO and UART Output, Plug and Play, and Can be Flexibly Applied to Different Intelligent Scenarios and Terminal Products,Good Shell Penetration,Can be Hidden in the Shell Inside the Work, No Need to Open Holes On the Surface of the Product,Improve the Product Appearance
- LD2410B Radar Sensor Module Working Principle is to Use FMCW FM Continuous Wave to Detect the Human Body Target in the Set Space, Combine With Radar Signal Processing and Accurate Human Body Sensing Algorithm to Achieve High Sensitivity Human Body Presence State Sensing,It is Mainly Used in Indoor Scenes, Sensing Whether There is a Moving or Inching Human Body in the Area, and Outputting the Detection Results in Real Time
Optional: use the OUT pin for a simple presence state
If you want only a GPIO-level presence state, connect OUT to a free ESP32 input and configure it as an ESPHome GPIO binary sensor. This is optional when UART is configured; it does not replace the UART integration’s richer target information. The sensor’s light-function setting can affect OUT behavior, so check the LD2410 documentation and configuration if the output does not behave as expected.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Bring-up and troubleshooting
- Verify the model and pinout. Check the module label and its specific manual, including connector orientation and pin order, before powering it.
- Check power and reference. Supply the documented voltage for that exact variant and connect sensor GND to ESP32 GND.
- Check crossed UART lines and board pins. Sensor TX must reach ESP32 RX, and sensor RX must reach ESP32 TX. Confirm the chosen GPIOs are available on your board.
- Match serial settings. For the standard LD2410 defaults, set 256000 baud,
parity: NONE, andstop_bits: 1; use hardware UART where available. - Check data before tuning. If ESPHome receives no data, recheck model, pin order, common ground, crossed lines, supply, pin selection, and UART settings in that order.
- Inspect readings and calibrate. Once communication works, review presence and any configured moving/still target, distance, or energy entities. Enable engineering mode to observe per-gate moving and still energy, adjust thresholds for the installed room, then disable engineering mode.
Gate thresholds depend on the room and installation; the ESPHome documentation describes using engineering-mode readings for calibration but does not establish one universal threshold setting for every space. Follow the ESPHome LD2410 documentation for the component’s current controls and calibration details.
Quick Recap
Best Value
- ★The HLK-LD2410S is a battery-powered, ultra-low-power human presence millimeter-wave sensor from Hailink’s LD2410S series, comprising the streamlined 24GHz millimeter-wave sensor hardware (LD2410S) and low-power human presence detection smart algorithm firmware.
- ★The LD2410S hardware integrates an AloT millimeter-wave sensor, a high-performance 24GHz transmit-receive antenna and peripheral circuitry; the low-power intelligent human presence detection algorithm utilizes millimeter-wave sensor distance measurement technology and the ICL1112 chip’s advanced proprietary radar signal processing and low-power control technology to achieve precise detection of moving, slightly moving, and stationary humans.
- ★The low-power human presence detection algorithm firmware is primarily designed for indoor applications, detecting whether there are moving or slightly moving humans within the sensing area in low-power mode and refreshing detection results in real time.
- ★The HLK-LD2410S has a farthest detection range of 8 meters for moving humans. It supports configurable trigger and hold thresholds for different ranges, human presence status, reporting frequency for target human distance, as well as reporting intervals when no human is present.
- ★The HLK-LD2410S supports GPIO and UART interfaces, offering plug-and-play functionality and flexible application in various smart scenarios and end-user products.
Rank #4
- LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module is a High Sensitivity 24GHz Human Presence State Sensing Module. Its Working Principle is to Use FMCW FM Continuous Wave to Detect Human Targets in the Set Space
- LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module Support GPIO and UART Output, Plug and Play, Flexible Application to Different Intelligent Scenarios and Terminal Products
- LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module Combines Radar Signal Processing and Accurate Human Body Sensing Algorithm to Realize High Sensitivity Human Body Presence State Sensing, and Can Calculate the Target Distance and Other Auxiliary Information
- Convenient Parameter Adjustment: LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module Offers the Convenience of Direct Parameter Adjustment Using a Dedicated Mobile App. This Eliminates the Need for Complex Programming or Connecting to a Serial Port for Debugging
- Widely Applications: LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module In Addition to Being Sensitive to the Moving Human Body,and Sensitive to the Static, Inching, and Sitting and Lying Human Body that Cannot be Recognized by the Traditional Scheme,Widely Used for Temperature, Brightness, Humidity, and Light Fluctuations. This Ensures Reliable and Accurate Sensing Results in Diverse Environments
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