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You can configure NGINX RTMP to receive a publisher stream and relay it to YouTube Live, but a 2 GB VPS is not a guaranteed fit for every workload. Start with pass-through relay if the incoming video already meets YouTube’s settings; transcoding adds CPU and memory demands that the available documentation does not quantify for this server size.
How the relay works
Your encoder or other publisher sends an RTMP stream to the VPS. NGINX RTMP receives it in an application you configure, then pushes it onward to YouTube. The module documents live streaming and push/pull relay, and its example listener uses port 1935. The receiving URL’s application segment must match the name in the NGINX configuration. arut/nginx-rtmp-module documentation
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For example, if the server listens at rtmp://your-vps.example/live, the app segment is live and must correspond to application live. Replace the example hostname with your server’s address; do not expose your YouTube stream key in a URL shared with others.
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Set YouTube’s 720p encoder settings
YouTube’s current encoder guidance lists the following H.264 bitrate figures for both 720p30 and 720p60. They are platform recommendations, not a promise that a particular encoder or network will deliver a stable stream. YouTube Help: Choose live encoder settings, bitrates, and resolutions
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| Output | H.264 video bitrate | Keyframes |
|---|---|---|
| 720p at 30 fps | 3 Mbps minimum; 8 Mbps recommended | Every 2 seconds recommended; no more than 4 seconds apart |
| 720p at 60 fps | 3 Mbps minimum; 8 Mbps recommended | Every 2 seconds recommended; no more than 4 seconds apart |
- Rate control: YouTube recommends constant bitrate (CBR).
- Audio: use AAC or MP3. YouTube lists 128 Kbps for stereo audio.
- Match the source: configure your encoder to publish the resolution and frame rate you intend to send. NGINX relay does not, by itself, make an incoming stream 720p.
Get YouTube’s RTMPS destination and key
- Open YouTube Live Control Room and create or select the live stream you intend to use.
- Reveal the stream settings and copy the RTMPS server URL and stream key shown there. Use the actual endpoint provided for your stream rather than copying a sample URL from an article.
- Keep the key private. Anyone with access to it may be able to send video to your live stream; regenerate it in YouTube if it is exposed.
YouTube recommends RTMPS, which carries RTMP over TLS. Its ingest documentation specifies the rtmps protocol, a valid YouTube ingest server and application path, and port 443. Confirm that your forwarding method supports the exact RTMPS URL YouTube provides. YouTube Help: Encrypt your stream using RTMPS · Google for Developers: Delivering Live YouTube Content via RTMPS
Install an NGINX RTMP module for your edition
Do not assume the NGINX package already installed on the VPS includes RTMP support. Installation depends on the operating system, package source, and NGINX edition. The arut project describes building its module alongside NGINX source. F5’s instructions for a dynamic RTMP module apply specifically to NGINX Plus; they include loading the module in the main context, checking the configuration with nginx -t, and reloading. F5 NGINX RTMP module information
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Before proceeding, verify that the module is installed and that its documented directives match the configuration you plan to use. Follow the installation instructions for your specific OS and package; there is no single set of commands that applies safely to all NGINX builds.
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Start with the application structure
This is an illustrative configuration pattern, not a validated drop-in file. Consult the documentation for your installed module and use the current YouTube RTMPS destination from Live Control Room. The app name below is live; your publisher must send to that same app.
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rtmp {
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
application live {
live on;
# Configure the relay using the syntax supported by your
# installed module and the RTMPS URL from YouTube.
}
}
}The module README documents an rtmp block containing a server and an application block, and describes push relay from an application. Its example URL format is rtmp://rtmp.example.com/app[/name], where app must match the configured application. arut/nginx-rtmp-module README
Choose a forwarding method that supports your endpoint
Add the relay using the directive or client configuration supported by your installed module. The project documents a push directive for relaying, but exact syntax and compatibility depend on the build and destination. Confirm that the chosen method accepts YouTube’s RTMPS endpoint and handles its required TLS connection and port 443. Do not substitute an ordinary RTMP destination if you intend to use RTMPS.
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Check and apply the configuration
- Save the configuration in the file and context expected by your NGINX installation. The
rtmpblock must be at a valid top-level context, not nested inside an unrelated HTTP block. - Run
nginx -tusing the installed NGINX binary and configuration path. Continue only if the test reports a valid configuration. - Reload NGINX using the service method appropriate to your OS and package. If reload fails, inspect the NGINX error log and restore the previous working configuration before trying a revised one.
- Start your publisher with the VPS address, configured app name, and a stream name. For the example app, the destination follows the shape
rtmp://your-vps.example/live/streamname. Keep the YouTube key only in the protected relay configuration or secret store required by your chosen method. - Check YouTube Live Control Room for incoming video and stream health before sharing the live page.
Pass-through or transcode?
| Approach | What it does | When it fits | 2 GB VPS consideration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pass-through relay | Forwards the incoming stream without changing its encoding. | The publisher already sends settings appropriate for YouTube, such as the required 720p H.264 profile and target audio. | Avoids the added encoding workload, but available sources do not establish a universal CPU or RAM requirement or guarantee stability on a particular plan. |
| Transcoding | Uses an encoder such as FFmpeg to convert the incoming stream before forwarding. | A format, resolution, frame rate, or bitrate conversion is actually needed. | Encoding adds CPU and memory demand. The module documentation mentions FFmpeg transcoding but does not quantify what a particular 720p encode needs on a 2 GB VPS. |
Prefer pass-through when it meets the requirement. If you must transcode, test with the intended input, output, and duration on the actual VPS; monitor CPU, memory, dropped frames, and YouTube’s stream health. Do not treat the 2 GB RAM figure alone as proof that an encode will be sustainable.
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Test and troubleshoot the stream
YouTube shows no incoming stream
- Check the publisher destination: the app segment in its RTMP URL must match the NGINX
applicationname. Confirm the VPS address and that the publisher is sending to the configured path. - Check listener and network access: NGINX must be listening on the configured RTMP port, and the VPS firewall and provider network rules must permit the publisher’s connection. The module’s example uses port 1935.
- Check the relay destination: use the current server URL and key from Live Control Room, and verify that the forwarding method supports RTMPS, TLS, and port 443.
NGINX rejects the configuration
- Run
nginx -tand use the reported file and line to locate syntax or context errors. - Verify that the RTMP module is installed, loaded for the correct NGINX edition, and compatible with the directives in the configuration.
- Do not place an
rtmpblock inside an invalid context. Return to the last working configuration if the service will not reload.
The stream connects but is unstable or CPU-bound
- Confirm whether the path is transcoding. If conversion is unnecessary, test a pass-through setup to remove the encoding workload.
- Check the publisher’s bitrate against available upstream capacity. For YouTube 720p H.264, its guidance recommends 8 Mbps; allow additional network headroom for stable delivery.
- Inspect VPS CPU and memory while streaming and correlate any overload with dropped frames or interruptions. A 2 GB VPS label does not establish adequate compute capacity for a specific workload.
YouTube reports poor stream health
- Check that the encoder uses CBR and a two-second keyframe interval, with no interval longer than four seconds.
- Verify that the incoming video is actually at the intended resolution and frame rate; a relay cannot repair a mismatched source unless a separate transcoding step is configured.
- Check audio codec and bitrate against YouTube’s guidance, including 128 Kbps for stereo.
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