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Use FFmpeg’s transpose video filter to turn a property-tour video before scaling and encoding it, then send the output to the RTMPS ingest address and stream key shown in YouTube Live Control Room. First confirm the footage actually needs rotation: camera orientation and rotation metadata vary, and the wrong transpose can turn an upright tour sideways. Rotation changes the frame orientation; it does not automatically create both portrait and landscape streams.
Choose the orientation and frame before you encode
Decide whether the YouTube feed should be portrait or landscape, then inspect a representative frame from the source. A quarter-turn swaps the frame’s effective width and height. A rotated wide room view may fit portrait, but cropping it to fill a narrow frame can remove useful room context. Fit and pad to preserve the full image, or deliberately reframe with a crop; do not stretch a wide view into a tall frame.
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- Already upright: do not add a transpose filter just because the source came from a phone or camera.
- Sideways: use the transpose direction that makes doors, windows, and text upright in the preview.
- Target shape: choose dimensions for the final orientation. Portrait 1080×1920 is one possible canvas, not a universal requirement.
FFmpeg’s official filter reference documents the transpose filter. The command below is an adaptable example, not a tested guarantee for every FFmpeg build or input.
Rotate, fit, and stream one output with FFmpeg
Replace the input filename and the destination with the current RTMPS ingest URL and stream key supplied for your YouTube stream. This example turns clockwise and fits the image inside a portrait canvas without stretching:
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ffmpeg -i INPUT
-vf "transpose=clock,scale=1080:1920:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1080:1920:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
-c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p
-c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100
-f flv "RTMPS_INGEST_URL/STREAM_KEY"Use transpose=cclock for the opposite quarter-turn. If your input is already correctly oriented, remove transpose=clock. The scale-and-pad settings preserve proportions and add space around the image where necessary; change the canvas or choose an intentional crop if that better fits the tour. Check that the chosen FFmpeg build includes libx264.
Inspect and map the intended streams
For a production command, inspect the file with ffprobe, identify its video and audio streams, and explicitly map the intended streams. If video and audio come from separate inputs, add both with -i and map each deliberately. Inputs may contain rotation metadata, so preview the decoded output rather than assuming the filter direction from camera model or filename.
Do not use -c:v copy when applying rotation: filtering requires decoding frames and re-encoding the video. If the source has no audio, provide or map an appropriate audio input; YouTube’s stream checks can flag missing audio.
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Protect the stream key
Get the ingest address and stream name or key from the current YouTube Live stream setup, not from a copied example. YouTube’s API documentation identifies the ingestion address and stream name as delivery details; an encoder may expect them combined into one destination. Never publish a real key in an article, screenshot, shell history example, or log. The YouTube Live Streaming API stream documentation describes stream configuration and health information.
Set encoder values for YouTube Live
Use YouTube’s current live encoder settings and bitrate recommendations for the codec, resolution, and frame rate you select. The page recommends RTMPS, constant bitrate (CBR), and a two-second keyframe interval; it says not to exceed four seconds. Its recommended ingest bitrates include:
| Output and codec | YouTube-recommended video bitrate |
|---|---|
| 720p at 30 or 60 fps, H.264 | 8 Mbps |
| 720p at 30 or 60 fps, AV1 or H.265 | 6 Mbps |
| 1080p at 30 fps, H.264 | 14 Mbps |
| 1080p at 30 fps, AV1 or H.265 | 10 Mbps |
| 1080p at 60 fps, H.264 | 17 Mbps |
| 1080p at 60 fps, AV1 or H.265 | 12 Mbps |
These are YouTube recommendations, not a guarantee that a particular connection or source can sustain the selected rate. Choose a bitrate your upload connection can reliably deliver and test it. YouTube’s page recommends 128 Kbps stereo audio at a 44.1 kHz sample rate.
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For example, a 30 fps H.264 output might use -b:v 8M -maxrate 8M -bufsize 16M -g 60 alongside an appropriate encoder. This is an illustrative starting point, not a universal recommended bitrate: YouTube’s table varies by codec and output, and encoder behavior depends on the FFmpeg build. Configure rate control for CBR behavior and confirm the result in stream health rather than assuming that matching target and maximum rates alone guarantees compliance.
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One filtered FFmpeg output produces one encoded feed in one orientation and frame shape. It will not create simultaneous portrait and landscape versions by itself. For a property tour, landscape may retain more of a room’s width and context; portrait may better match a mobile-first vertical composition. Those are framing trade-offs, not promises about YouTube discovery or performance.
If you need both orientations at once, configure the corresponding output or outputs and stream setup explicitly, then inspect both previews. YouTube’s vertical-live guidance describes vertical output controlled by the encoder and a third-party dual-stream workflow. Interface options and account availability can change, so confirm the choices in your current Live Control Room rather than assuming a dual-stream option is available. Build and inspect separate compositions; a crop that works for landscape may discard essential detail in portrait.
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Test the complete tour before going live
- Run the encoder with a representative section of the property video, including camera movement and the intended audio.
- Check the Live Control Room preview. Confirm the orientation, framing, aspect ratio, and audio; look specifically at doors, windows, text, and room geometry.
- Test the upload path against the selected bitrate and watch stream health while the encoder runs.
- Adjust the filter, framing, or encoder settings based on the preview and reported health issues before the event.
YouTube’s Live Streaming API documentation describes health status and configuration issues, including missing audio, unsupported codec, high or low bitrate, bitrate starvation, frame-rate mismatch, long or mismatched GOP/keyframe spacing, and unsupported or suboptimal resolution. Use the actual warning to locate the problem; a health issue does not automatically mean the rotation filter is at fault.
Troubleshoot common rotation and ingest problems
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check or change |
|---|---|---|
| Picture is sideways | Wrong transpose direction, or the source was already upright. | Try the opposite transpose direction or remove the filter, then preview again. |
| Upright picture is cropped badly | Target canvas and scale/crop strategy do not suit the source composition. | Revise the target dimensions and scale/pad/crop choices. Avoid stretching; check that important room detail remains visible. |
| YouTube reports a bitrate or keyframe issue | Encoder output does not match the selected codec, resolution, frame rate, bitrate, or GOP interval. | Compare the output with YouTube’s current settings for that combination; use the recommended two-second keyframe interval and do not exceed four seconds. |
| YouTube reports missing audio | The input has no audio, or the intended audio stream was not mapped. | Inspect the input streams and map or provide an appropriate audio source. |
| No feed appears in Live Control Room | Wrong or stale ingest details, or the encoder is not delivering data. | Verify the current ingest URL and stream key in YouTube setup, and confirm the FFmpeg process is sending data. Keep the key private while troubleshooting. |
| Video filter fails with stream copy | -c:v copy was used even though the video is being transformed. |
Remove stream-copy mode for video and use a video encoder; rotation requires re-encoding. |
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