Choose a Solana commitment level according to the cost of acting on data that could still change. Use processed for fast, explicitly provisional feedback; confirmed for most user-facing transaction progress; and finalized before high-value settlement or an action that is difficult to reverse.
That is a risk policy, not a universal speed setting. Commitment behavior varies by RPC method and provider, so verify method support and test the exact request patterns your wallet or dApp will use.
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The quick decision
The right level depends on what happens if the observed state is rolled back. A game animation can tolerate a temporary fork; releasing merchandise, crediting an account, or closing a financial position usually cannot.
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| Reader need | Starting choice | What it means operationally |
|---|---|---|
| Show a very fast balance or transaction update | processed, with a pending indicator |
You are showing the node’s newest view. It can be rolled back, so reconcile the display and correct it if the forked state disappears. |
| Show ordinary transaction progress | confirmed |
The block has a direct vote from more than two-thirds of active stake. This is stronger than processed, but it is not the network’s strongest finality state. |
| Fulfil an order, release an asset, or perform another consequential action | finalized, unless you have a documented risk policy |
Wait for the cluster’s strongest confirmation state before treating the event as settled. |
| Read rapidly changing state where freshness outweighs rollback resistance | processed plus reconciliation |
Accept the possibility of a temporary fork and design the UI and backend to recover cleanly. |
Solana’s payment guidance gives example timings of roughly 1–2 seconds for confirmed and approximately 13 seconds for finalized. Those are guide examples, not an SLA or a guarantee for every provider, region, congestion level, or method.
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What Solana commitment levels mean
Commitment tells an RPC method or subscription how far the node must progress a block before returning data or sending a notification. The levels form an order: processed is the least settled, then confirmed, then finalized.
processed: newest view, weakest rollback resistance
processed is the node’s most recently processed block. It is useful when perceived responsiveness matters more than certainty. Solana describes it as the newest view, while warning that it can still be rolled back.
A rollback is not the same as a transaction error. It means the view came from a fork that the cluster did not retain. A wallet that uses this level should label the result as pending or provisional, then query again at a stronger level before presenting a final balance or receipt.
confirmed: supermajority vote, but not irreversible settlement
confirmed means the block was directly voted on by a supermajority of stake: more than two-thirds of the active stake, according to Solana’s RPC overview. It is a practical intermediate threshold for ordinary wallet feedback because it gives users meaningful assurance without always waiting for the strongest state.
Do not describe a confirmed transaction as irreversible settlement. A later, stronger commitment can still be required by the business operation, and your wording should match that distinction.
finalized: strongest commitment state
finalized is a block the cluster recognizes as finalized with maximum lockout. It is the strongest confirmation state used by the network and is the conservative choice when a rollback would create material loss, a duplicate delivery, or a difficult customer-support problem.
Choose by consequence, not by a universal latency rule
There is no single commitment level that is correct for every screen or endpoint. Write down the consequence of being wrong, the point at which the user needs feedback, and whether the operation can be reversed. Then assign a threshold.
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Wallet balances and activity screens
A wallet can use processed for an immediate visual response after signing or submitting a transaction, provided the interface distinguishes “seen by the node” from “confirmed.” For the activity list, show the signature and a pending state while the app waits for confirmed or finalized, depending on the wallet’s promise to the user.
Balances need special care because a fast read can combine different slots. If the application displays a provisional balance, keep the slot or status visible enough for users to understand that it may change. Reconcile the same account at a stronger commitment before enabling an irreversible follow-up action.
Ordinary transfers and dApp transaction progress
Use confirmed as a sensible default for “transaction submitted” or “transaction confirmed” progress in many dApps. It represents a direct supermajority vote and normally arrives sooner than finalized. Your copy should say “confirmed,” not “final” or “irreversible.”
If the transaction changes a position, grants access, mints an entitlement, or triggers an external workflow, separate progress from settlement. The UI can update at confirmed, while the backend waits for finalized before carrying out the consequential step.
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Payments, orders, and fulfilment
For a payment, the browser’s success toast is not proof that your business received a valid, settled transfer. Verify on a server through RPC. Solana’s payment guidance warns against relying on a frontend “payment complete” message and against acting on processed alone.
For lower-value, reversible fulfilment, a documented policy might allow confirmed. For high-value goods, irreversible delivery, or a workflow that cannot easily be unwound, wait for finalized. The threshold is a business decision; record it so that support, accounting, and engineering apply the same rule.
Market, lending, and other high-consequence state
When a state read determines whether collateral is sufficient, an order can execute, or a withdrawal can be released, the cost of a stale or rolled-back read is high. Prefer finalized, or require an explicit risk policy that explains why confirmed is acceptable and what compensating controls exist.
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Design the user experience around the lifecycle
Users often ask why a transaction is “confirmed but not finalized.” That is a normal transition, not automatically a failure. Model the states explicitly instead of replacing one label with another:
- Submitted: the client has sent the transaction and is waiting for a signature status.
- Processed: a node has observed it in its newest processed view. Display this only as provisional.
- Confirmed: the transaction’s block has the required supermajority vote.
- Finalized: the block has reached maximum lockout and the application can apply its strongest settlement policy.
- Failed: the returned status contains a non-null error, or a timeout policy has expired after appropriate status and history checks.
Do not turn a temporary absence from one query into an immediate failure message. A transaction may not yet be visible at the requested commitment, may have left a recent cache, or may be queried through a provider with different history retention.
Implement commitment correctly in RPC calls
Check each method’s supported levels
Many Solana RPC methods and subscriptions accept a commitment parameter. If you omit it, the default is typically finalized, but the individual method reference is authoritative. Do not build a global assumption into a client library without checking every method you call.
Support is not uniform. For example, getBlocks does not support processed. A request that works for an account query may therefore be invalid or behave differently for a block-range query.
Understand getTransaction returning null
getTransaction accepts commitment configuration. A null result means the transaction was not found at that requested commitment and query context; it is not proof that the transaction failed. Query signature status, consider whether the transaction is outside the provider’s recent cache, and inspect the transaction’s error field when the record becomes available.
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Use the post-Agave v2.0 confirmation flow
Solana documents confirmTransaction as removed in Agave v2.0. The migration path uses getSignatureStatuses, compares the returned confirmation status with the level your policy requires, and verifies that err is null.
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The confirmation statuses retain the same order: processed < confirmed < finalized. A stronger returned status satisfies an equal or weaker requirement. For example, a finalized status satisfies a policy that asks for confirmed, but a processed status does not.
getSignatureStatuses itself does not accept a commitment parameter. The status object is what you compare with your required threshold. Set searchTransactionHistory: true only when the signature may have left the recent status cache; enabling history searches indiscriminately can add unnecessary load and latency.
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"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"method": "getSignatureStatuses",
"params": [
["TRANSACTION_SIGNATURE"],
{"searchTransactionHistory": true}
]
}After receiving the response, apply all of these checks:
- The signature status exists, or your retry policy explains why it is still pending.
- The returned confirmation status is at least the required level.
errisnull.- The transaction has not already been applied to the business record.
Verify payments on the server and prevent duplicate fulfilment
A robust payment flow treats the wallet as a transaction-submit client, not as the authority that grants goods or credit. Send the signature to your server, look it up through RPC, verify the intended recipient and amount using the transaction data your application expects, and wait for your chosen commitment.
Store every signature that has been accepted for fulfilment. Before delivering an item or crediting an account, perform an atomic “already processed?” check. This protects against retries, browser refreshes, webhook duplication, and multiple workers observing the same confirmation.
- Receive the transaction signature and associate it with an order or account.
- Validate that the signature belongs to the expected transaction, recipient, mint or account, and amount.
- Poll or subscribe for status, but treat notifications as triggers to verify rather than as sole proof.
- Require
confirmedorfinalizedaccording to the order’s risk policy. - Reject any result whose
erris non-null. - Atomically record the signature and fulfilment decision before delivering value.
If the provider temporarily cannot return the transaction, keep the order pending and retry with an appropriate history search. Do not downgrade silently from finalized to processed just to make a checkout screen complete.
Choose an RPC provider for the workload you actually run
Public Solana endpoints are useful for development. Solana says shared public RPC endpoints are rate-limited, have no SLA, and are unsuitable for production payment flows. Production applications should evaluate a provider against their own traffic and failure budget.
Capabilities to compare
- Required HTTP methods and WebSocket subscriptions, including their supported commitment levels.
- Freshness and slot lag under normal load and during congestion.
- Transaction and account-history retention, including behavior after a signature leaves the recent cache.
- Rate limits, request-size limits, concurrency limits, and error semantics.
- Transaction delivery, subscription reliability, regional locations, and failover behavior.
- Operational visibility: latency, slot distance, dropped notifications, and error rates.
Test representative requests from the regions where your users and backend run. A provider that looks fast for a simple finalized account read may not be suitable for high-volume WebSocket subscriptions, historical signature searches, or rapid processed reads.
Build and test fallback deliberately
Fallback is not merely changing the hostname. Confirm that the secondary endpoint supports the same methods, commitment levels, history depth, and response shape. During a provider switch, continue to enforce the same confirmation and error checks, and keep signature deduplication in the database so two providers cannot cause duplicate fulfilment.
Re-evaluate provider fit as traffic, geographic distribution, and RPC usage change. Solana describes provider fit as an operational decision rather than a permanent property of an application.
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“The transaction is confirmed but not finalized”
Keep it in the intermediate state and poll or subscribe until the policy’s required level appears. Do not show an error solely because finalization takes longer than confirmation. If the status later reports an error, handle that error; if the signature disappears, query status and history before deciding what happened.
“The transaction is missing from getTransaction”
Check the commitment used by the request, query signature status, and consider cache and history retention. A null response at one commitment is not a failure verdict.
“A method rejects processed”
Read that method’s reference. getBlocks, for example, does not support processed. Choose one of the supported levels or redesign the read so it does not depend on an unsupported commitment.
“The UI says paid, but fulfilment happened twice”
Move fulfilment authority to the server, persist signatures, and make the check-and-fulfil operation atomic. Treat frontend messages and repeated notifications as untrusted triggers, not unique payment records.
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“The application feels slow after switching to finalized”
Separate responsiveness from settlement. Show a processed or confirmed progress state where the product can tolerate it, while reserving finalized for the operation that truly needs it. Do not label an earlier state as final merely to hide the wait.
A practical policy template
Document a policy per operation rather than one commitment for the entire application:
| Operation | Display threshold | Action threshold | Rollback response |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pending transfer animation | processed |
None | Reconcile and update the animation or balance if the view changes. |
| Wallet activity status | confirmed |
confirmed, unless the wallet promises settlement |
Show the exact status and error returned by RPC. |
| Low-value, reversible fulfilment | confirmed |
confirmed under a documented risk policy |
Keep an auditable record and provide a reversal path. |
| High-value or irreversible fulfilment | confirmed or processed for progress |
finalized |
Do not release value until finalization and error checks pass. |
For every row, record the RPC methods involved, supported commitments, timeout and retry behavior, history-search rule, and the database key used to deduplicate signatures. This turns an informal latency preference into an auditable reliability policy.
Quick Recap
Pre-deployment checklist
- Have you assigned a commitment threshold based on the consequence of a rollback?
- Does every RPC method and subscription support the level you request?
- Does the interface distinguish processed, confirmed, finalized, pending, and failed?
- Does backend verification check the transaction’s intended details and require
errto benull? - Does the confirmation code use
getSignatureStatusesrather than the removedconfirmTransactionflow? - Do you use
searchTransactionHistory: trueonly when a signature may have left the recent cache? - Are payment signatures stored and checked atomically before fulfilment?
- Have you tested latency, slot lag, rate limits, history behavior, and failover from the regions that matter?
- Have you documented when a stronger status satisfies a weaker policy?
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