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Freedom251 › Blog › CRF

How to Choose a CRF Value for Pre-Recorded Videos in a YouTube Live Stream

By Freedom251 Team · · 4 min read

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There is no universally best CRF for a pre-recorded video used in a YouTube live stream. If you are encoding the file with x264, OBS documents CRF 16–23 as a baseline: lower values generally produce higher quality and larger files. Choose a starting value within that range, test representative footage, and keep the file’s CRF separate from the live stream’s ingest settings. YouTube’s RTMP/RTMPS guidance calls for CBR, with a recommended two-second keyframe interval.

First identify where CRF is being applied

CRF is a quality-oriented control used when an encoder creates a video file. It is not a target bitrate for YouTube’s live ingest. OBS’s CRF guidance is for recording; YouTube’s live guidance specifies separate outgoing-stream settings. OBS’s Advanced Recording Settings Guide and YouTube’s live encoder settings describe those distinct contexts.

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  • Playing an already encoded file as-is: The CRF, if used, was applied when that file was made. It is not a live encoder setting. Configure the outgoing live stream separately.
  • Encoding or transcoding while streaming: Set the live encoder to meet YouTube’s ingest requirements. A CRF value alone does not ensure a required live bitrate.
  • Re-encoding the file before the stream: Use the x264 range below as a starting point, compare samples, and check the final file’s visible quality and size.

Choose a starting CRF and test the actual footage

OBS’s published x264 recording baseline is CRF 16–23. OBS states that a lower CRF produces higher quality and larger files. This is a general recording baseline, not a YouTube-specific optimum or a guarantee of a particular file size.

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  1. Pick a representative section. Include the most demanding footage: fast movement, fine detail, gradients, or visible noise. If the video also has important audio, include it in your review.
  2. Encode short comparison samples. Try nearby CRF values within 16–23. Lower values favor quality but usually increase file size; the best compromise depends on the source and your storage and transfer constraints.
  3. Inspect at the intended viewing size. Compare detail and compression artifacts, then compare the resulting file sizes and practical encoding time. These are workflow checks, not published test results.
  4. Encode the full file only after choosing. CRF does not predict a fixed output size: source complexity and encoder behavior affect the result. Check the actual encoded file rather than promising a size or bitrate from the setting alone.

FFmpeg documents constant-quality encoding and notes that VBV constraints can limit quality in CRF mode. If your workflow applies rate or buffer limits, check those settings in the encoder rather than interpreting CRF in isolation. See the FFmpeg libx264 documentation.

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Set the live output separately for YouTube

For RTMP/RTMPS ingest, YouTube lists H.264, H.265/HEVC, and AV1, supports frame rates up to 60 fps, specifies CBR, and recommends a two-second keyframe interval that must not exceed four seconds. Match the bitrate guidance to the outgoing codec, resolution, and frame rate—not to the source file’s CRF.

H.264 live ingest format Minimum bitrate Recommended bitrate
1080p at 30 fps 5 Mbps 14 Mbps
1080p at 60 fps 6 Mbps 17 Mbps
720p at 30 fps 3 Mbps 8 Mbps
720p at 60 fps 3 Mbps 8 Mbps

These are YouTube’s listed H.264 live-ingest values, not CRF settings or upload-file targets. For other resolutions, codecs, or any later changes, use YouTube’s current live encoder settings table. YouTube also lists AAC or MP3 audio, progressive scan, square pixels, Rec. 709 for SDR, and 8-bit SDR. For HDR, consult its separate HDR guidance; YouTube recommends H.265/HEVC for HDR.

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Test the stream and monitor its health

Before the event, run a private or otherwise appropriate test with footage that has similar motion and audio to the planned stream. Confirm the outgoing resolution, frame rate, codec, bitrate mode, and keyframe interval, then monitor YouTube’s stream health and messages during the test and event. YouTube explicitly recommends testing before going live and monitoring stream health.

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  • If the live stream is unstable, check whether the available upload connection can sustain the selected ingest rate; YouTube recommends running an upload speed test.
  • If the file looks poor, inspect the encoded file first. A live bitrate setting cannot restore detail already lost during file encoding.
  • If the file is much larger or smaller than expected, remember CRF does not specify a fixed bitrate or size. Recheck the actual encode and your rate or buffer constraints.

Keep upload-file bitrates distinct from live ingest

YouTube’s upload encoding recommendations apply to uploaded video files. For example, its page lists 8 Mbps for 1080p at standard frame rates and 12 Mbps for high frame rates. Those figures are upload recommendations; they are not a CRF recommendation and should not be substituted for the live-ingest settings. See YouTube’s recommended upload encoding settings.

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