Start with an accurate software inventory, search the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog, and then verify every apparent match against the software vendor’s security advisory. A catalog match makes an issue a high-priority investigation; it does not, by itself, prove that every installation with the same product name is vulnerable. Confirm the exact version, configuration and component status before choosing a fix or mitigation.
What the CISA KEV Catalog tells you
The CISA KEV Catalog is the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s authoritative list of vulnerabilities that have been exploited in the wild. CISA says organizations should use it “as an input to their vulnerability management prioritization framework.” In practical terms, a KEV entry is a strong signal that the issue deserves prompt attention because exploitation has been observed, not merely predicted.
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KEV is not a list of every vulnerability in every product, and it is not a safety certificate for software that does not appear in the catalog. A non-match can mean that a vulnerability is not known to be exploited, that the product is not included, or that your search terms did not match the catalog’s naming. Continue using normal vulnerability discovery, patching and configuration-control processes for issues outside KEV.
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The catalog is dynamic. CISA provides web, CSV and JSON views, so a check made today can differ from one made later. Do not quote a catalog total or claim that a particular CVE is currently listed without checking the live catalog and recording the date of the check.
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Step 1: Build an inventory you can actually compare
You cannot determine applicability from a product name alone. Before searching, assemble a dated inventory of software instances, including appliances, server applications, desktop programs, cloud-managed components and libraries that are part of a larger product.
| Inventory field | What to record | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Vendor | The publisher or supplier, including the spelling and aliases used in your environment | KEV and vendor advisories may use a formal company name that differs from your internal label. |
| Product | Exact product, edition and major release | Different editions can have different code and support status. |
| Version and build | Full installed version, patch level and build number where available | Advisories normally define affected and fixed ranges at this level. |
| Asset and location | Hostname, device ID, cloud account, environment and physical or logical location | You need to find every instance and judge exposure. |
| Exposure | Internet-facing, reachable only internally, isolated, or unknown | Exposure helps set operational priority after technical applicability is confirmed. |
| Owner and criticality | Responsible team, business function and impact if unavailable | Owners must approve maintenance and recovery plans. |
| Evidence date | When and how the version was observed | Software changes; a dated record prevents decisions based on stale data. |
Use package-manager data, endpoint-management reports, application consoles, cloud inventories and configuration-management databases as appropriate. Reconcile duplicate names and normalize vendor aliases before searching. If a scanner reports only a product family or a major version, treat that as an investigation lead, not proof of exposure.
Step 2: Search the KEV Catalog
Search one product in the web view
- Open the live CISA KEV Catalog.
- Search the vendor and exact product name from your inventory. Try documented aliases and the product’s formal name if the first search returns nothing.
- Search by CVE identifier as well when a scanner, vendor notice or incident report supplies one.
- Read the complete entry, including the vulnerability description, required action, due date or other catalog fields shown for that entry.
A vendor-name hit is only a starting point. The same supplier may publish many unrelated products, and a product family may contain releases with different code. Record the catalog entry and the date you checked it so another analyst can reproduce the decision.
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Use CSV or JSON for a fleet
For repeated checks, download CISA’s CSV or JSON catalog and compare it with your normalized inventory. Keep the original download, its retrieval date and the script or query used. JSON Schema and print-view options are also provided by the catalog for organizations that need structured processing or an auditable human-readable record.
Automated matching should use several keys—CVE, normalized vendor and normalized product—not a loose substring search. Send uncertain matches to a human review queue. A name-only algorithm can produce false positives when a product is bundled, rebranded or listed under a different supplier.
Step 3: Confirm whether the specific installation is affected
For each apparent hit, follow the vendor advisory identified by the KEV entry. The advisory is the authority for applicability and remediation details for that product.
Check the version range
Compare the complete installed version and build with the advisory’s affected and fixed versions. Do not assume that the newest-looking major release is safe or that an older release is affected without checking the stated range. If the advisory lists a backported fix, vendor-specific patch or edition exception, record that detail.
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Check prerequisites and configuration
Some flaws require a particular module, protocol, feature, privilege, deployment mode or network path. Determine whether that condition exists on the asset. Conversely, disabling a feature may be only a mitigation; it does not necessarily remove vulnerable code or satisfy a patch requirement.
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Check support and product lineage
Confirm whether the installed release is supported and whether the vendor supplies a fix for it. An end-of-support branch may require an upgrade, replacement or temporary isolation rather than a normal patch. Keep the vendor’s wording in your record when the advisory does not clearly map to your edition.
Resolve uncertainty explicitly
If the advisory cannot identify your build, contact the supplier or open an internal security review. Mark the result as “confirmed affected,” “confirmed not affected,” or “undetermined,” with the evidence and reviewer. “Found in KEV” and “installed product is vulnerable” are not interchangeable conclusions.
When the vulnerable code is a dependency
A KEV entry may name a component inside a larger application rather than the product your team purchased. Identify the component and version with a software bill of materials (SBOM), package manifest, container image report or supplier disclosure.
Then look for a Vulnerability Exploitability eXchange (VEX) statement from the supplier. VEX can state that a component is affected, not affected, fixed, or affected only under conditions that do not apply to the product. CISA’s 2024 SBOM guidance emphasizes that a vulnerable dependency does not automatically make the consuming product exploitable.
- Component present and reachable: treat the product as potentially affected until the supplier provides a fix or a defensible mitigation.
- Component present but unused or unreachable: retain the supplier’s VEX rationale and verify that configuration has not changed.
- Component version unknown: do not close the finding; improve SBOM or build-provenance data and ask the supplier for clarification.
For internally built software, map the component to the exact build or release deployed to each asset. A library patched in source control is not remediated on production systems until a rebuilt, tested artifact is deployed.
How to prioritize a confirmed or probable match
KEV establishes exploitation priority, but your operational order still depends on applicability, exposure and available action. Use these axes together rather than sorting only by the date an entry appeared.
| Decision axis | Questions to answer | Typical result |
|---|---|---|
| Exact applicability | Is this product, edition, version and configuration within the vendor’s affected range? | Confirmed, not affected, or undetermined. |
| Exposure | Can an attacker reach the asset directly or through a reachable service? | Internet-facing and broadly reachable assets generally receive faster handling. |
| Business impact | Would compromise interrupt a critical service, expose sensitive data or spread to other systems? | Critical assets need an approved emergency-change or containment plan. |
| Available action | Is a tested patch, upgrade, workaround or isolation control available? | Choose the fastest durable fix; use mitigation while testing. |
| Organizational deadline | What deadline or service-level target applies to known exploited vulnerabilities? | Apply the stricter of policy, regulatory and vendor requirements. |
Keep the catalog’s required action separate from your internal risk score. CISA’s direction is to apply the vendor remediation or mitigation, or discontinue use when neither is available; your policy determines who approves the change and how quickly it must occur.
Step 4: Remediate or mitigate
- Read the vendor procedure completely. Note prerequisites, backup requirements, service interruption, reboot needs, license implications and the fixed version.
- Protect recovery. Confirm tested backups or snapshots and a rollback path before changing a critical system.
- Test the fix. Use a representative staging system when time and exposure permit. Verify application functions, integrations, authentication and monitoring after the change.
- Deploy by risk. Start with confirmed affected, exposed or business-critical assets, then expand to the remaining population. Use a maintenance window only when it does not leave an exposed system waiting beyond your policy deadline.
- Apply a mitigation when patching is temporarily impossible. Follow the supplier’s exact workaround, such as disabling a vulnerable feature or restricting access. Document what the mitigation does not protect against and its expiry or review date.
- Discontinue use if no safe remedy exists. CISA’s catalog instruction is to discontinue the product when neither remediation nor mitigation is available. Replace, isolate or remove it under an approved change and data-retention plan.
- Verify completion. Recheck the installed version, configuration and exposure after deployment. A change ticket marked “installed” is not evidence that every instance received the fix.
Record the decision so it can be audited
For every catalog match, retain a compact case record containing:
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- Asset identifier and owner.
- Vendor, product, edition, observed version and evidence date.
- CVE and KEV entry date or other catalog identifiers shown in the live entry.
- Vendor advisory reference and its affected-version determination.
- Exposure and business-criticality assessment.
- Chosen patch, upgrade, mitigation, isolation or retirement action.
- Change ticket, approver, deployment date, verification result and any residual risk.
For a “not affected” decision, keep the reason—such as an unaffected version, absent component or documented VEX statement—rather than deleting the finding. This prevents the same question from being reopened without evidence.
Make the check repeatable
Run the process whenever the catalog changes, when new software enters service, after a major upgrade, and on a schedule defined by your vulnerability policy. A practical recurring cycle is:
- Refresh the software and SBOM inventory.
- Download the latest KEV CSV or JSON and retain the retrieval date.
- Match normalized vendor, product and CVE fields.
- Route new or changed matches to an analyst for vendor-advisory validation.
- Track remediation through verification, not merely assignment.
- Reopen a case when a mitigation expires, a configuration changes or a new vendor advisory supersedes the old one.
Version-controlled, dated vulnerability listings support the capability guidance in CISA’s VULN Capability Data Sheet. They also make it possible to show which assets were known, which were assessed and which still require evidence.
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A useful operating model gives every search result a defined next step instead of treating the catalog as a one-time lookup. A confirmed match on an affected version should create a tracked remediation case, assign an owner and start the applicable deadline clock. A match that needs more evidence should enter an investigation queue with a due date for obtaining the build, configuration or supplier statement. A confirmed non-match should retain its supporting evidence and return to routine monitoring.
Capture the catalog fields that explain why the item is urgent, including the CVE, vulnerability description, required action and any due date or other identifiers displayed in the live entry. Preserve the downloaded CSV or JSON used for a fleet comparison. This makes a later audit or incident review possible even after CISA updates the catalog.
Separate technical status from workflow status. “Undetermined” means the evidence is incomplete; it does not mean the asset is safe. “Mitigated” means a documented workaround is active; it does not mean the vulnerable software has been removed. “Remediated” should mean the fixed version or approved replacement is installed and verified on the identified asset.
Edge cases that commonly change the answer
Cloud and managed services
For a vendor-managed service, you may not control the underlying host version. Record the service name, tenant or account, region and provider advisory reference. Ask the provider whether the vulnerable component is present, whether the service is affected under your configuration and when remediation completed. Keep that response with the asset record rather than marking the service safe solely because you cannot log in to inspect it.
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Network appliances, backup images, disaster-recovery systems and rarely powered-on endpoints belong in the inventory. They can be overlooked by normal endpoint tools yet become reachable during an emergency. Verify their installed version when they are next started, or apply the vendor’s offline update and document the control that prevents unpatched activation.
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Rebranded or bundled products
A reseller, original equipment manufacturer or platform supplier may publish a different advisory from the component maker. Follow the advisory that governs your exact edition and support relationship. Do not close a finding because a similarly named upstream product is fixed; obtain the downstream supplier’s affected-version statement.
Multiple versions on one host
Development tools, runtimes and libraries can coexist in separate paths or containers. Check each installed copy and each deployed image, not only the system-wide package record. A patch in one path does not remediate an older copy embedded in an application or recovery image.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Common mistakes and how to correct them
“The product name appears, so every installation is vulnerable.”
Why it fails: editions, versions, configurations and bundled components differ. Correction: verify the exact build and prerequisites in the vendor advisory.
“It is not in KEV, so we are safe.”
Why it fails: KEV focuses on known exploitation, not complete vulnerability coverage. Correction: continue scanning, patch management, secure configuration and supplier monitoring.
“Our scanner found the CVE, so no further review is needed.”
Why it fails: scanner fingerprints can be stale or identify a parent product while the vulnerable component is absent or patched. Correction: reconcile scanner evidence with installed-version data and the vendor’s advisory.
“A dependency is listed, therefore the application is exploitable.”
Why it fails: the component may be unused, unreachable or already mitigated by the supplier. Correction: consult an SBOM and VEX statement and document the applicability decision.
“We applied a workaround and closed the issue.”
Why it fails: a workaround may be temporary and may not remove the vulnerable code. Correction: set an owner and expiry date, then deploy the vendor fix or retire the product.
“One successful patch means the fleet is done.”
Why it fails: appliances, dormant systems, disaster-recovery images and unmanaged endpoints are often missed. Correction: reconcile the post-change inventory and verify every instance or document an exception.
A concise decision path
Use this sequence for each finding: inventory the exact asset → search KEV by vendor, product and CVE → read the linked vendor advisory → confirm version and configuration → check SBOM/VEX for components → prioritize by applicability, exposure and impact → patch or mitigate → discontinue use if neither is available → record and recheck. This preserves the catalog’s purpose—prioritizing vulnerabilities exploited in the wild—without treating a catalog name match or a non-match as a final technical verdict.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does a CISA KEV match prove that my installation is vulnerable?
No. It proves that CISA lists the CVE as exploited in the wild and makes it a priority for investigation. Confirm the exact vendor, product edition, version, build, configuration and prerequisites in the linked vendor advisory. Record the result as confirmed affected, confirmed not affected or undetermined.
What if my software is not listed in the KEV Catalog?
A non-match does not certify that the software is secure. KEV focuses on vulnerabilities with known exploitation, not every defect or exposure. Continue normal vulnerability scanning, patch management, secure-configuration work and supplier monitoring.
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Repeat it when CISA changes the catalog, when software or configurations change, when a new product enters service, after major upgrades and on the schedule required by your vulnerability policy. Retain the catalog download and retrieval date so each result is reproducible.
How do I assess a vulnerable library inside a larger product?
Use an SBOM, package manifest, container report or supplier disclosure to identify the component and version. Then obtain the supplier’s VEX statement, which may say the component is affected, not affected, fixed or unreachable under your configuration. Do not infer that the entire product is exploitable from the dependency name alone.
What should I do when no patch is available?
Follow the vendor’s documented mitigation if one exists, such as disabling a feature or restricting access, and give it an owner and review or expiry date. If neither remediation nor mitigation is available, CISA’s catalog instruction is to discontinue use, which may require replacement, isolation or retirement.
What evidence should be retained after a KEV decision?
Keep the asset and owner, vendor and exact version, evidence date, CVE and catalog identifiers, vendor advisory, applicability determination, exposure and criticality assessment, chosen action, change ticket, deployment date and verification result. For a non-affected decision, retain the specific reason or VEX statement.
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Use CISA’s KEV Catalog to prioritize, not to make a name-only verdict. Inventory exact versions, validate each match with the vendor advisory, resolve dependency status with SBOM/VEX evidence, remediate or mitigate promptly, discontinue products with no safe remedy, and document the result for the next catalog update.
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