Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsA Wayland desktop can run both native Wayland apps and X11 apps through Xwayland, so checking the desktop session alone does not tell you which protocol a particular app uses. For a quick user-level check, look for the app in xlsclients -l; for a more precise answer, use the relevant toolkit’s runtime information.
Why the desktop session does not answer the app-level question
Wayland describes how applications communicate with the desktop compositor, but a Wayland session can also include Xwayland. An X11 app connects to Xwayland as it would to an X server; Xwayland, in turn, is a Wayland client. That lets native Wayland and X11 windows appear together in one desktop session. The Wayland documentation explains this relationship.
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As a result, a session value such as XDG_SESSION_TYPE=wayland identifies the session, not necessarily the protocol used by every running app. Check the individual app instead.
Check for an X11 connection with xlsclients
-
Open a terminal in the desktop session where the app is running.
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Run
xlsclients -l. -
Look for the target app in the output. If it appears, it has an X client connection to the selected X display—typically through Xwayland when you are in a Wayland session.
The X.Org manual defines xlsclients as a tool for listing client applications running on an X display; -l requests long-format output. The command’s result depends on which X display it queries. If the app is absent, that alone does not prove it is native Wayland: the listing may not cover its display connection or application architecture. The utility may also need to be installed separately, depending on your distribution.
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Use a window-level spot check
For an interactive check, ArchWiki suggests running xwininfo and selecting the target window, or running xeyes and seeing whether its pupils track the pointer over the app. These are practical X11-side indicators, not universal tests: behavior can vary with the compositor, toolkit, or nested windows, and the utilities may not be installed by default. See the ArchWiki Xwayland guidance.
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Qt applications
Qt’s platform abstraction layer (QPA) identifies qxcb as its X11 platform plugin. Qt documents QT_QPA_PLATFORM and the -platform argument as ways to override platform selection. Inspecting an app’s launch configuration can show what backend it was asked to use, but an override is not proof that the app successfully initialized that backend. For stronger confirmation, inspect the platform plugin actually selected at runtime. Qt may also try a semicolon-separated list of available plugins. See the Qt QPA documentation (Qt 6.12.0 reference).
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GTK/GDK applications
For an app that uses GDK, check its display object at runtime: GNOME’s documentation distinguishes a GdkWaylandDisplay from an X11 display type. This is a toolkit-specific method, not a general check for arbitrary programs. GDK can be built with multiple backends, so backend-specific code may require compile-time as well as runtime checks. See the GDK API documentation (API 4.0, library 4.23.4).
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Which check should you use?
| Method | Scope | Best use | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
xlsclients -l |
X clients on the selected or default X display | Quick positive check for an app with an X connection | Display selection and listing scope matter; absence is not conclusive for every app architecture. |
xwininfo or xeyes |
Interactively selected or hovered window | User-facing spot check | Suggested by ArchWiki; behavior can vary by environment. |
| Qt QPA runtime inspection | Qt app | Debugging the platform plugin in use | Qt-specific; a launch override alone does not confirm successful runtime initialization. |
| GDK display-object check | GTK/GDK app | Runtime check in application code | GDK-specific and primarily useful to developers. |
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