There is no single GST or VAT rate you can determine from a state name alone. First identify the country and the state, province, territory or union territory; then identify the exact good or service, determine where the transaction is treated as supplied, check whether it is taxable, zero-rated, exempt or subject to a special rule, and verify the rate in the current official schedule and notification.
The sequence below uses Canada and India as concrete examples because their official systems illustrate two different approaches. Their percentages are jurisdiction-specific examples, not a universal rate list.
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Why a state name is not enough
GST and VAT are consumption taxes, but the legal rate is determined by the tax system that applies to a particular supply. A correct lookup normally depends on six variables:
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- Country: “GST” and “VAT” have different meanings and authorities in different countries.
- Subnational jurisdiction: the relevant unit may be a state, province, territory or union territory.
- Supply location: the seller’s address may not be the place used for tax purposes.
- Supply type: goods, services, digital supplies, shipped goods and cross-border transactions can follow different rules.
- Legal classification and status: a product or service can be taxable, zero-rated, exempt or covered by a special schedule.
- Effective date: a rate can change on a specified date, with transitional rules for invoices, delivery or payment.
The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) states that “the rate of tax to charge depends on the place of supply.” Its related guidance says a supplier must know both “what type of supply they are making and where the supply is being made.” Read those rules before using a percentage from a search result or an old invoice: CRA rate guidance and CRA place-of-supply rules.
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The reliable seven-step lookup
1. Pin down the jurisdiction
Write down the country and the exact state, province, territory or union territory before looking for a rate. Use the national tax authority for national GST or VAT rules. If that authority directs taxpayers to a subnational revenue department, follow the official state or provincial link rather than relying on a third-party summary.
For Canada, the CRA rate page lists province and territory rates and points readers to provincial sources for provincial sales-tax details. For India, the Goods and Services Tax Council maintains a state-specific resource directory: GST Council state-specific resources.
2. Describe exactly what is being supplied
Record the product or service name, its material or function, quantities, bundled items, delivery method and customer type. A casual label such as “software,” “food,” “equipment” or “consulting” may not match the legal classification used by a rate schedule.
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3. Determine where the supply is treated as made
Apply the official place-of-supply rule before choosing a percentage. In Canada, the CRA explains that delivery destination can determine the rate for goods. Its example describes a seller in British Columbia shipping a mattress to Ontario; the Ontario place-of-supply rule can make Ontario’s rate applicable even though the seller is located in British Columbia.
Do not automatically use the seller’s address, the customer’s billing address or the location of a payment processor. Check the rule for the specific kind of supply and retain evidence such as the delivery address, customer location, contract terms and fulfillment records.
4. Check the tax status
Determine whether the supply is:
- Taxable: a GST, HST or VAT rate is charged under the applicable rule.
- Zero-rated: the tax rate is 0%, but the supply remains within the tax system and may have different registration or input-tax consequences.
- Exempt: no tax is charged under the exemption, with consequences that are not the same as zero-rating.
- Specially treated: a separate regime, notification or state table may apply.
The CRA’s type-of-supply guidance distinguishes these categories. It gives basic groceries as an example of supplies that are zero-rated throughout Canada. Do not treat “zero-rated” and “exempt” as interchangeable terms on an invoice or return.
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5. Match the legal classification to the current schedule
After identifying the jurisdiction, place and status, use the tax authority’s goods or services schedule and the notification that makes the rate effective. The India GST Council publishes goods and services schedule resources and a CGST notification index, including services rate schedules and the CGST rate-notification index.
A schedule page can contain historical material or amendments. Treat an index entry as a starting point, then open the latest applicable notification and check whether a later amendment, exemption or explanation changes the result.
6. Confirm the effective date and any transition rule
Read the date attached to the rate, not only the rate itself. Ask which event controls the change: supply, delivery, invoice, payment, import clearance or another legally defined event. Keep the old and new rate visible when a transaction crosses the change date.
For example, the CRA says Nova Scotia’s HST is 14% on or after April 1, 2025; the CRA’s published rate page was modified on April 1, 2025. A transaction before that effective date cannot be classified simply by applying the later figure.
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Use an official calculator to perform arithmetic after the rate and tax status are confirmed. The CRA GST/HST calculator can calculate tax on a pre-tax amount or back out tax from a tax-included total. The CRA warns that rounding can make a calculated amount differ by a cent or two, so follow the authority’s rounding convention and your accounting system’s invoice rules.
A calculator is an estimate tool, not a classification engine. It cannot decide whether a service is exempt, whether a delivery is interprovincial or whether a petroleum product belongs in a special schedule.
Canada: checking GST and HST by province or territory
Canada’s federal GST/HST result starts with the CRA place-of-supply rules. The following figures are examples from the CRA’s current guidance for “other taxable supplies”; zero-rated supplies, exempt supplies and special rules can produce a different result.
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| Canadian location or category | Rate stated in CRA guidance | How to use the figure |
|---|---|---|
| Non-participating province | 5% GST | Applies to other taxable supplies made in a Canadian non-participating province, subject to the supply classification and place-of-supply rules. |
| Ontario | 13% HST | Applies to other taxable supplies made in Ontario under the CRA guidance. |
| Nova Scotia | 14% HST | Applies on or after April 1, 2025, according to the CRA’s rate table. |
| Other participating provinces listed by the CRA | 15% HST | Check the live CRA table for the province, supply type and effective date rather than transferring this number to another jurisdiction. |
These are not interchangeable “state rates.” A seller in one province may need to charge the destination province’s rate when the place-of-supply rule points there. The CRA’s Which rate to charge page is the appropriate starting point whenever a rate may have changed.
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Canada example: shipped goods
- Identify the item as a good and record the seller’s location and delivery destination.
- Open the CRA place-of-supply guidance and apply the rule for goods.
- Use the destination and transaction facts to select the applicable province or territory rate.
- Check whether the item is taxable, zero-rated or exempt. Basic groceries, for example, are identified by the CRA as zero-rated throughout Canada.
- Check the rate’s effective date, calculate the tax and show the rate and amount separately on the invoice where required.
Canada example: tax-included pricing
If a customer pays a tax-included total, use the CRA calculator’s tax-backout function only after confirming the correct rate. A result that differs by a cent or two can be a rounding effect; it does not establish that the wrong rate was used. Preserve the rate, date and calculation basis with the invoice.
India: GST components, state resources and special schedules
India’s official portal describes the component structure rather than treating each state as an independent ordinary GST-rate setter. Its guidance states that “for Inter-state supply, IGST Rate is applicable, whereas for intra-state supply, CGST rate and SGST/UTGST rate is applicable.” The portal’s Check GST Rates service was last updated April 30, 2026.
Intra-state supplies
For an intra-state supply, the tax is generally represented by a central component, CGST, and a state or union-territory component, SGST or UTGST, under the applicable law. Confirm the exact classification and notification; do not infer a rate merely from the state name.
Inter-state supplies
For an inter-state supply, the applicable component is IGST. Determine whether the transaction is inter-state under the official place-of-supply provisions and then verify the product or service schedule and current notification.
Finding the Indian rate
- Open the official GST rate service and identify the transaction as intra-state or inter-state.
- Describe the goods or service using the legal schedule’s classification, not only a retail name.
- Use the GST Council’s goods or services schedule and open the current notification or amendment.
- Check exemptions, zero-rating, reverse-charge or other special treatment shown by the applicable legal material.
- Record whether the invoice needs CGST plus SGST/UTGST or IGST, then calculate each component using the legally applicable rate.
The GST Council’s service-rate materials include a broad 15% services category in a 2017 schedule, but that schedule itself warns that it is subject to vetting and change. It is historical reference material, not current rate advice. Always confirm a current notification before using any percentage from an older schedule.
Petroleum and other special treatment
Some products do not follow the ordinary GST schedule in the same way as general goods and services. The Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell’s VAT/Sales Tax/GST Rates table, last updated September 25, 2026, covers specified petroleum products and shows varying state taxes. It is a specialized petroleum table, not a general-purpose checker for every product or service.
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How to compare two rates or two lookup methods
When two pages show different percentages, compare the underlying facts rather than choosing the higher or newer-looking number. Use this six-part test:
| Comparison question | What to verify |
|---|---|
| Jurisdiction | Are both figures for the same country and the same state, province, territory or union territory? |
| Place of supply | Do both sources apply to the same delivery, customer or performance location? |
| Supply classification | Are both figures for goods, the same service category or the same legal product code? |
| Tax status | Is the supply taxable, zero-rated, exempt or covered by a special rule? |
| Effective date | Were the figures valid on the transaction date, and is a transition rule involved? |
| Source type | Is the figure a legal rate table or only an arithmetic estimate from a calculator? |
A calculator can produce a precise-looking amount from an incorrect rate. Conversely, two official pages can both be correct when they address different places of supply, classifications or effective dates.
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Using the seller’s location automatically
Problem: A business charges the rate shown for its own address on every invoice.
Correction: Apply the official place-of-supply rule. For shipped goods, verify the delivery destination and retain the evidence.
Calling every 0% result “exempt”
Problem: A zero-rated supply is recorded as exempt, which can affect reporting and input-tax treatment.
Correction: Use the tax authority’s definitions and select the exact status shown for the supply.
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Relying on an old schedule
Problem: A search result or archived PDF is used after a rate amendment.
Correction: Check the authority’s current rate table, notification index and effective date. The GST Council’s older service schedule explicitly warns that rates may change.
Splitting an Indian GST rate incorrectly
Problem: A business treats a state’s SGST figure as the entire tax or applies CGST and SGST to an inter-state supply.
Correction: First classify the supply as intra-state or inter-state. Use CGST plus SGST/UTGST for the former and IGST for the latter, then confirm the total rate in the current schedule.
Applying a petroleum table to ordinary goods
Problem: A state fuel-tax table is used to price unrelated goods or services.
Correction: Use the PPAC table only for the petroleum products and tax categories it identifies; use the GST Council or relevant tax authority schedule for other supplies.
Assuming a calculator proves the legal answer
Problem: The arithmetic is correct but the classification or rate is wrong.
Correction: Save the official classification, notification, place-of-supply analysis and effective date alongside the calculator result.
A record you can keep for every lookup
For repeat sales, create a rate-check record with these fields:
- Country and subnational jurisdiction.
- Customer location and delivery or performance location.
- Plain-language description and legal classification of the good or service.
- Tax status: taxable, zero-rated, exempt or special treatment.
- Applicable component structure, such as GST, HST, CGST plus SGST/UTGST or IGST.
- Rate, currency and effective date.
- Official URL and the date you accessed the page.
- Notification, schedule or amendment number where the authority provides one.
- Pre-tax amount, tax calculation, rounding method and final total.
Recheck the record when the authority publishes a rate change, when the product or service changes, when the delivery model changes or when a transaction crosses a jurisdictional boundary.
Quick Recap
Quick decision checklist
- Have I identified the country and the exact state, province, territory or union territory?
- Have I described the actual good or service and its legal classification?
- Have I determined where the supply is treated as made?
- Have I checked taxable, zero-rated, exempt and special treatment?
- Have I opened the current official schedule or notification?
- Is the rate effective on the transaction date?
- For India, is the supply intra-state or inter-state, and are the components CGST plus SGST/UTGST or IGST?
- For Canada, have I applied the CRA place-of-supply rule rather than simply using the seller’s address?
- Did I use a calculator only after confirming the legal rate?
- Did I document the source, date, classification and rounding?
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