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Use Selenium WebDriver to open the page, set a repeatable browser viewport, wait for the content you need, and save the rendered browser window as a PNG. Then inspect the PNG in the same machine or container where the script will run: Selenium captures pixels, and the available sources do not guarantee that a Devanagari-capable font is installed in every environment.
What you need before capturing a page
Selenium is a browser-control interface, not a browser by itself. You need a Selenium language binding, a browser, and a compatible browser driver. The official Selenium setup documentation describes these prerequisites: Selenium WebDriver setup.
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The example below uses Python with Chrome. It is an editorial synthesis of Selenium’s documented API, not a tested script. Replace the example URL with a public page you are authorized to access. If the government site contains personal or case information, use an authorized account and do not publish sensitive data.
Save the current browser window as a PNG
Selenium’s Python Chromium API provides save_screenshot(filename) for the current window. The API documentation recommends an absolute path and a .png extension. The example sets a known viewport before navigation, creates the output folder, and always closes the browser:
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from pathlib import Path
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
out = Path("screenshots/hindi-government-page.png")
out.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless=new")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
try:
driver.set_window_size(1365, 1000)
driver.get("https://example.gov.in/")
# Replace this with a condition for content that matters on your page.
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(
lambda d: d.execute_script("return document.readyState") == "complete"
)
driver.save_screenshot(str(out.resolve()))
finally:
driver.quit()The wait shown checks for the document load state, not whether every application-specific panel, image, or web font has finished rendering. For dynamic pages, replace or supplement it with a condition tied to the actual element or state you need; Selenium documents explicit waits in its waits guide. The current-window screenshot and window-size methods are documented in the Python Chromium WebDriver API.
Choose the capture scope and browser mode
Whole browser window or one element
| Choice | Best for | What the image includes |
|---|---|---|
| Current browser window | Showing the page as a visitor sees it, including surrounding context | The visible browser viewport; set its dimensions before capture for repeatable results. |
| Element screenshot | Preserving a specific table, notice, panel, or other target | The selected element rather than the full surrounding page. Selenium documents element screenshots in its browser windows guide. |
Use the full window when context is evidence; use an element capture when the target itself is what matters. Selenium’s API also exposes screenshot bytes if your workflow needs image data in memory instead of writing the file directly.
Headless or visible Chrome
Headless mode suits unattended scripts and servers. Chrome’s documentation shows Selenium configuration with --headless=new and explains viewport-aware screenshot capture in its Headless Chrome guide. In visible mode, you can watch the page and inspect rendering behavior more easily while debugging. The cited sources do not establish a speed advantage for either mode on Hindi government pages.
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Selenium’s get() waits for the page load event, but a site can continue loading or updating content afterward. Chrome documents that headless capture normally occurs once loading completes unless a delay or virtual-time budget is supplied. For application pages, a page-specific readiness condition is generally more reliable than assuming one fixed sleep fits every page.
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- Wait for a meaningful element, such as the notice or table you intend to document.
- If content appears after scrolling, scroll to the relevant area and wait for it before capturing.
- For comparisons, keep the viewport dimensions and readiness condition consistent, and record the viewport with the image.
An implicit wait is for element finding; it is not a general guarantee that asynchronous content or fonts have finished rendering.
Check Hindi text in the resulting PNG
Inspect the actual saved image in the deployment environment. If Hindi characters appear as boxes, blank spaces, or missing glyphs, investigate which fonts are available in that machine or container and which font the page selected. Correct the environment’s font setup as needed, then capture and inspect the image again. Selenium’s screenshot APIs and Chrome’s headless guidance do not specify a universally required Hindi font package or guarantee font fallback.
Troubleshoot common capture problems
- No image appears: Check that the output directory exists, the process can write there, and the screenshot path ends in
.png. The example creates its folder and supplies an absolute path. - The image shows a loading state or missing content: A completed page-load event may not mean the application is ready. Wait for the relevant element or state rather than relying only on a fixed delay.
- Hindi appears as squares or is missing: Check the PNG and the fonts available to the browser in the actual runtime. The fix is environment-specific, not a Selenium screenshot setting.
- The captured area differs between runs: Set the viewport before navigation and use the same dimensions for each run. Chrome’s headless documentation includes
--window-sizeas a screenshot companion; Selenium also exposes window sizing. - The whole page is not represented: A current-window screenshot captures the browser viewport. Decide whether an element screenshot or a different capture approach is needed for the evidence you require.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server for developers. Its API takes a URL in one GET request and can return PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. For a quick screenshot, use cURL:
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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.gov.in/ -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo documentation for API details. Before capture, it accepts cookie or consent banners and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; each step can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and response headers report the page verdict and billing status. Its MCP server provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf for AI agents and MCP clients. The Free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month without a card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Selenium save a screenshot as PNG?
Yes. In Python, use save_screenshot() with a filename ending in .png.
Why does Hindi text look different or disappear in headless mode?
The browser can only render fonts available in its runtime. Inspect the saved PNG and check the fonts and selected font in that environment.
Does a Selenium screenshot automatically capture the full page?
The documented current-window screenshot captures the browser window. Choose the capture scope based on whether you need the viewport context or a particular element.
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