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How to Capture Responsive Website Screenshots at Multiple Widths with Selenium

A practical Selenium Python loop for saving responsive website screenshots at multiple widths, with guidance on waits, viewport checks, screenshot scope, and troubleshooting.

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Use Selenium’s WebDriver to set the browser window to each target width, wait for the page to settle, and save a separate screenshot at each size. In Python, the core calls are driver.set_window_size(width, height) and driver.save_screenshot(filename). Check the resulting viewport in your browser: a requested window width is not guaranteed to equal the page’s CSS viewport width.

Capture a screenshot at each width with Python

This loop opens the page once, resizes the browser window for each target, and writes a PNG whose filename records the requested width. Selenium’s Python API documents window dimensions in pixels and save_screenshot() for the current window. See the Selenium 4.50.0 Python WebDriver API.

from selenium import webdriver

url = "https://example.com"
widths = [375, 768, 1280]
height = 900

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    driver.get(url)
    for width in widths:
        driver.set_window_size(width, height)
        driver.save_screenshot(f"screenshot-{width}.png")
finally:
    driver.quit()

Install Selenium and make a compatible browser available before running this script. The snippet uses Chrome; select the WebDriver and browser appropriate to your environment if you use another browser. The calls shown are documented API usage, not a claim that this particular example has been tested in every browser and driver combination.

Wait for responsive content when resizing triggers changes

Some pages update asynchronously after a resize—for example, they may load new images or recalculate content. Saving immediately can capture an intermediate state. Prefer an explicit wait for a page-specific condition that indicates the relevant layout or content is ready. There is no universal settling delay that works for every site. If a delay is the only practical option, choose it based on the page and verify the resulting captures rather than treating it as a guarantee.

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Choose widths and height deliberately

Put the widths you want to inspect in the widths list, and keep the height consistent if you want to compare layouts at different widths. The values are in pixels. Use widths that matter to your responsive design; Selenium’s sizing API does not define which breakpoints a site should use.

Confirm the actual viewport and screenshot scope

set_window_size(width, height) sets browser window dimensions, but the cited API documentation does not guarantee that the requested outer width will equal the CSS viewport width. Browser chrome and environment can affect what the page receives. Check the effective viewport in the browser environment you are using and inspect the saved image dimensions before relying on the captures for breakpoint checks. Selenium’s official window and tab documentation covers window management.

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The Python API describes save_screenshot(filename) as saving the current window to PNG; it also provides screenshot bytes and Base64 options. Capture scope can depend on the language binding and browser context. The Selenium JavaScript API describes screenshot capture as a best effort that may return the entire page, current window, visible portion of the current frame, or the display containing the browser, in that order. Confirm what your own browser and binding capture before assuming an image is full-page. See the Selenium JavaScript WebDriver API.

Adapt the workflow for repeated runs

  • Use distinct names: include the requested width in each filename, as in screenshot-768.png, so captures do not overwrite one another.
  • Keep conditions consistent: use the same page state, height, browser environment, and settling condition when comparing widths.
  • Revisit when necessary: if the application’s behavior depends on navigation or a resize does not refresh its content, navigate or reload for each width and apply the same readiness check before saving.
  • Inspect the files: verify that each expected PNG exists and that its dimensions and rendered layout match the intended test.

Troubleshoot missing or misleading captures

  • The screenshot is taken before the layout updates: replace the immediate capture with a wait for an application-specific ready condition. A fixed delay can still be too short or unnecessarily long.
  • The CSS viewport is narrower or wider than expected: measure the effective viewport in that browser session. The API sets window dimensions; it does not promise a matching CSS viewport width.
  • The image shows only part of the page: check the capture behavior for your Selenium language binding, browser, and current frame. The documented behavior is not a universal full-page guarantee.
  • A file is missing or overwritten: confirm that the script can write to its current directory and that each loop iteration uses a distinct filename.
  • The browser does not start: check that the browser and its WebDriver are available and compatible in the execution environment; the example’s Chrome setup is not a universal configuration for every machine.

Performance, reliability, and cost considerations

This approach launches a browser session and captures one image per width, so the number of widths determines the number of capture operations. Reusing one session, as in the example, avoids starting a new browser for every size, but it also means the page remains in the same session as the window changes. For reproducible comparisons, control page state and wait for the same readiness condition at every size. The cited Selenium API documentation does not specify a universal runtime, reliability rate, or cost; those depend on your browser environment and the page under test.

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Or skip the browser setup

ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. A single GET request can return a screenshot or PDF. Its API accepts familiar screenshot parameter names, which can make switching from another screenshot API easier. For this example, call the API once per width and save each response under a width-specific filename:

cURL (replace the target URL and provide your API key):

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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com --data-urlencode width=375 -o screenshot-375.webp

Repeat the call with each width and a matching output filename. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options. Cookie and consent banners are accepted or removed before capture along with 60+ known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; each cleanup step can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and response headers report the page verdict and billing status. Its MCP server provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for AI agents and MCP clients. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots.

Sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month, with no card required.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does Selenium’s Python save_screenshot() save a PNG?

Yes. The Selenium Python API documents save_screenshot(filename) as saving the current window to a PNG file.

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Does setting a width guarantee that the page has that CSS viewport width?

No. Confirm the effective viewport in the browser you run; the documented window-sizing method does not guarantee that the requested outer window width equals the CSS viewport width.

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