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Use a browser to navigate to the starting URL, wait for the page condition you need, then record the final browser address and take the screenshot. In this guide, “canonical URL” means the final address reached by navigation unless stated otherwise. A page’s declared SEO canonical URL is a separate signal; redirects alone do not tell you what the page declares.
Final URL and declared canonical URL are different
A browser follows navigation redirects and ends at a destination URL. That final address answers “where did this visit land?” A page may also declare an SEO canonical URL in a <link rel="canonical"> element. That declaration answers a different question and may not match the address in the browser.
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The method below captures the page reached by navigating to your starting URL. If you need a screenshot of the declared canonical target instead, inspect the declaration separately and navigate to that target explicitly. The Playwright navigation references cover redirects and browser URLs, not SEO canonical selection.
Capture the page reached after redirects with Playwright
Install Playwright and its browser for your project using the official installation guide. The following Node.js example navigates to a URL, reports the final browser URL and response status, and saves a full-page PNG.
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const { chromium } = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const startUrl = 'https://example.com';
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
try {
const response = await page.goto(startUrl, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
const finalUrl = page.url();
const status = response?.status() ?? null;
console.log({ startUrl, finalUrl, status });
if (status !== null && status >= 400) {
throw new Error(`Navigation reached an HTTP error response: ${status}`);
}
await page.screenshot({ path: 'page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
})();Use a fully qualified starting URL, including https:// or http://. page.goto() returns the main-resource response for the first non-redirect response in the chain, and page.url() gives the address of the page currently loaded. The status check matters: navigation can complete even when the server returns an HTTP error such as 404 or 500. Playwright documents that valid HTTP response statuses do not, by themselves, cause goto() to throw.
Choose when the page is ready
The example waits for domcontentloaded, which is a practical starting point but not a guarantee that every application has finished rendering its important content. For a page with client-side rendering or delayed data, wait for a condition tied to that page, such as a selector that appears when the relevant content is ready:
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await page.goto(startUrl, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
await page.locator('main article').waitFor({ state: 'visible' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'page.png', fullPage: true });Replace the selector with one that identifies the content you need. The Page API marks networkidle as discouraged for testing; it should not be treated as a universal signal that an application is ready.
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Capture the viewport or the full page
fullPage: true captures the full scrollable page. Omit it to capture only the current viewport. Pick based on whether you need a complete page record or a view matching what someone sees without scrolling.
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Inspect the redirect chain when you need it
The final URL is often enough to identify the destination. To log the server-side request chain, follow the navigation response’s request backward through redirectedFrom():
const response = await page.goto(startUrl, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
const chain = [];
let request = response?.request();
while (request) {
chain.unshift(request.url());
request = request.redirectedFrom();
}
console.log({ chain, finalUrl: page.url(), status: response?.status() });Playwright represents redirects with linked request objects. The response’s request is the last request in the chain, and walking redirectedFrom() reaches earlier requests. This is useful for recording the redirect path; it does not establish the document’s SEO canonical declaration.
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Check the page’s declared canonical separately
If by “canonical URL” you mean the page’s SEO declaration, inspect the loaded document’s canonical link after navigation:
const declaredCanonical = await page.locator('link[rel="canonical"]').getAttribute('href');
console.log({ finalUrl: page.url(), declaredCanonical });The value may be relative, so resolve it against the page URL before comparing or navigating to it:
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const absoluteCanonical = declaredCanonical
? new URL(declaredCanonical, page.url()).href
: null;
console.log({ finalUrl: page.url(), absoluteCanonical });This reads the declaration in the rendered document. It does not prove that a search engine accepts or uses that declaration. If your goal is a screenshot of the declared target rather than the redirect destination, navigate to the resolved canonical URL and capture that page as a separate visit.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Make the screenshot reproducible
For a screenshot that must be audited or recreated, save the image alongside the starting URL, final browser URL, capture timestamp, HTTP status, browser/version, and viewport settings. Also record whether the capture was viewport-only or full-page and what readiness condition was used. These details help distinguish a changed page from a changed capture setup.
Troubleshooting
- The screenshot shows an error page. Check the returned response status; a completed
goto()can still correspond to a 404 or 500. Decide whether to keep an error screenshot or treat the capture as failed. - The page is blank or missing content. The application may render important content after the initial document event. Wait for a page-specific selector or other application readiness condition before taking the screenshot.
- Navigation times out, the host is unreachable, or TLS fails. These are navigation failures rather than successful captures. Check that the URL is correct and accessible from the machine running the browser, then handle Playwright’s navigation error or timeout instead of proceeding as if the page loaded.
- The final URL is unexpected. Log
page.url()after navigation and inspect the request chain withredirectedFrom(). Confirm whether the site redirected to a login, locale, consent, or error destination. - The declared canonical is missing or unexpected. Inspect
link[rel="canonical"]in the loaded document and resolve relative values against the final page URL. Do not infer the declaration from the redirect destination. - The screenshot cuts off the page. Use
fullPage: truewhen you need the entire scrollable document; otherwise Playwright captures the viewport.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo can capture a URL with one GET request. For example, this saves a screenshot of the page reached at the requested address:
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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo documentation for request options. Cookie banners are accepted and removed before capture, along with known newsletter popups and chat widgets; each cleanup step can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, failed loads, timeouts, and cache hits are not billed, and response headers report the page verdict and billing status. An MCP server provides screenshot tools for AI agents. The free plan includes 1,000 shots per month without a card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots.
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