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Freedom251 › Blog › contact sheet

How to Bulk Screenshot a List of URLs and Generate a Contact Sheet

By Freedom251 Team · · 8 min read

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Bulk screenshotting and contact-sheet creation are two separate steps: capture one image for each URL, then arrange those images into a labeled grid. For a flexible local workflow, use Playwright to capture pages and an image tool or package to compose the sheet. If you want hosted batch capture, ScreenshotNeo is the first option to try: it removes common overlays before capture and bills only clean shots.

Choose a capture route

Route What it does Control and limits
ScreenshotNeo Hosted screenshot API; returns an image or PDF for a URL. It does not need local browser setup. Its API documents many capture controls; use a separate image-processing step to lay captured images out as a contact sheet.
Playwright Runs a browser locally or in your own environment to capture each URL. Offers control over browser behavior and screenshot dimensions. You must arrange the resulting images into a grid separately.
ScreenshotRun Its documentation describes batch thumbnail capture from a list of websites. The reviewed documentation does not establish contact-sheet composition, current pricing, or current batch caps. Check its live terms and whether results are separate images before choosing it. ScreenshotRun batch documentation

Choose local automation when you need direct control over filenames, browser behavior, or layout. Choose a hosted capture service when avoiding browser setup matters. For either route, confirm how the service handles URLs that should not be shared with a third party.

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Prepare the URL list and decide what each tile shows

  1. Put one complete URL on each line, including its scheme, such as https://example.com.
  2. Assign each URL a stable index or filename, for example 001.png, 002.png. Keep a mapping from that index to the original URL; this makes failed captures and contact-sheet labels traceable.
  3. Choose a consistent capture mode. A viewport screenshot gives tiles a comparable size and is often easier to scan. A full-page screenshot shows the entire scrollable page but can produce very tall tiles that become too small to inspect in a grid. An element screenshot is useful when the comparison is about a particular component rather than the whole page.
  4. Decide whether to label each tile with its index, page title, URL, or a shortened URL. Long URLs can make labels hard to read, so retain the full mapping separately.

Playwright defines full-page capture as an image of the whole scrollable page, as if it fit into one very tall screen. Its screenshot API can also capture an element or return image bytes for post-processing. Playwright screenshot documentation

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Capture every URL with Playwright

The following Node.js example uses Playwright to capture viewport-sized PNG tiles. Save the URLs in urls.txt, one per line. It writes numbered files and a JSON mapping so each image remains connected to its source. It intentionally captures the viewport rather than the full page to make the resulting tiles more uniform.

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  1. Install Playwright: npm install playwright.
  2. Save the following as capture.mjs alongside urls.txt.
  3. Run node capture.mjs. Captures go into shots/; review the mapping and any error records before building the sheet.

capture.mjs:

import { chromium } from 'playwright';
import { mkdir, readFile, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';

const urls = (await readFile('urls.txt', 'utf8'))
  .split(/r?n/)
  .map(line => line.trim())
  .filter(Boolean);

const outputDir = 'shots';
await mkdir(outputDir, { recursive: true });

const browser = await chromium.launch({ headless: true });
const page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1280, height: 800 } });
const results = [];

try {
  for (const [i, url] of urls.entries()) {
    const index = String(i + 1).padStart(3, '0');
    const file = `${outputDir}/${index}.png`;
    try {
      const response = await page.goto(url, {
        waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded',
        timeout: 30000
      });
      await page.screenshot({ path: file, type: 'png' });
      results.push({ index, url, file, status: response?.status() ?? null });
    } catch (error) {
      results.push({ index, url, file: null, error: String(error) });
    }
  }
} finally {
  await browser.close();
}

await writeFile('shots/manifest.json', JSON.stringify(results, null, 2));
console.log(`Processed ${urls.length} URLs; see shots/manifest.json`);

This script records HTTP status when Playwright receives a navigation response, but a captured image is not proof that the page rendered correctly. Inspect the files for blank pages, access challenges, consent dialogs, or content that appears only after a longer delay. For sites that need more time, wait for a relevant selector or add a deliberate delay after navigation rather than increasing every timeout blindly.

To capture the full scrollable page instead, change the screenshot line to await page.screenshot({ path: file, type: 'png', fullPage: true });. To capture only an element, use await page.locator('main').screenshot({ path: file }); and replace main with a selector that exists on the target page. Site-specific selectors will not work uniformly across unrelated domains.

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Generate the contact sheet as a separate step

Playwright captures files or screenshot bytes; its screenshot documentation does not provide contact-sheet layout code. Use an image-processing package or desktop image editor to arrange the captures into a grid. Set a consistent tile width, add a readable label, and decide whether to crop, letterbox, or resize images with different dimensions. Preserve the original captures if the overview uses resized or cropped tiles.

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  • For a quick visual comparison, use viewport images with the same dimensions and a fixed number of columns.
  • For full-page captures, consider using a standardized crop or thumbnail for the sheet and keeping the original full images alongside it.
  • Include an index or short label on each tile and keep the manifest or URL list next to the finished sheet.
  • Check that the final sheet remains large enough to read; adding more columns saves space but shrinks each tile.

The choice of dimensions and layout is a practical trade-off, not a fixed benchmark: a sheet optimized for sharing may be less useful for close inspection.

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Or skip the browser setup

ScreenshotNeo can capture URLs through one GET request, and its API accepts settings for full-page capture, viewport, device presets, custom CSS or JavaScript, waits, and more. Save each returned image under an indexed filename, then assemble those files into a contact sheet in a separate image-processing step. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options.

curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webp

Replace the example URL with the URL for that tile. Repeat the request for each entry in your list, using a predictable output filename such as 001.webp and recording the URL-to-file mapping. ScreenshotNeo also offers bulk capture for up to 100 URLs per call; consult its documentation for the applicable request format.

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  • Cookie or consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets from more than 60 known platforms are removed before capture; each cleanup step can be turned off.
  • Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing; responses include X-Page-Verdict and X-Billed headers.
  • An MCP server provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for AI agents and MCP clients.
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Sign up for ScreenshotNeo’s free plan to try 1,000 screenshots a month with no card.

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Review failures before sharing the sheet

Pages can behave differently in automated browsers than in a normal visit. A consent dialog may cover content; authentication may be required; delayed scripts may leave the initial view incomplete; and bot protections can show a challenge instead of the page. There is no established rate for how often these cases occur across a general URL list, so check the actual captures rather than assuming every navigation succeeded.

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  1. Open the manifest and identify entries with errors or unexpected status codes.
  2. Inspect image files for blank content, overlays, or challenge pages.
  3. For delayed content, wait for a page-specific selector or a measured site-specific delay, then rerun that URL.
  4. For protected or authenticated pages, use only authorized access and the site’s permitted login or session method; do not attempt to bypass access controls.
  5. Rebuild the contact sheet after replacing failed images, and retain the mapping so viewers can identify each source.

Common problems and fixes

Symptom Likely cause What to do
Navigation times out The site is slow, does not finish loading, or waits on resources beyond the chosen limit. Try a site-specific wait condition such as domcontentloaded or a selector, and increase the timeout only for pages that need it.
Image is blank or incomplete Content is delayed, JavaScript has not rendered, or the site returned an empty/error state. Inspect the page directly, wait for the relevant content, and rerun. Record the failure rather than silently treating it as a valid tile.
Consent banner, popup, or chat covers the page The page presents an overlay or widget during capture. For Playwright, handle the specific page behavior where permitted, such as dismissing a known dialog. For a hosted route, check its documented cleanup controls; ScreenshotNeo removes supported common overlays before capture.
Some pages show an access challenge Bot protection or authentication blocked the automated visit. Do not try to evade the challenge. Use an authorized session or request an approved access path, or omit the URL from the sheet.
Contact sheet tiles are too small Too many columns or very tall full-page images are being scaled down. Use fewer columns, viewport captures, or standardized crops; retain full-page originals separately when needed.
Tile cannot be traced back to its URL Filenames or labels were not tied to the input list. Use stable numbered names and preserve a manifest mapping each index to its URL and capture status.

Cost, performance, and privacy considerations

For a local Playwright workflow, runtime depends on the sites, network, wait conditions, and browser work involved; the available documentation does not provide a universal per-page timing. Capturing a long page or waiting for slow resources can take longer than a viewport capture. A simple sequential script limits concurrent browser activity but may take longer for large lists; if you add concurrency, do so cautiously because it increases resource use and can place more simultaneous requests on target sites.

Hosted batch services may count each URL against a quota. ScreenshotRun’s documentation says each URL in a batch counts as one screenshot toward its monthly quota, but verify current plan terms, batch limits, output formats, and pricing before relying on that rule. Avoid sending private, internal, or authenticated URLs to a hosted service unless your organization permits it. Locally captured files also need appropriate storage and access controls.

Sources and scope

The capture behavior described for Playwright is documented by the Microsoft-maintained Playwright project: Screenshots documentation. ScreenshotRun’s batch behavior is described in its batch API documentation; service limits and prices can change, and the reviewed page does not establish a built-in contact-sheet feature. Contact-sheet composition above is a separate workflow step.

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Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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