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Outbyte Driver Updater FREEScan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Out-of-scope testing is avoidable when you treat a bug bounty brief as an authorization boundary, not a suggestion. Before sending a request, create an exact map of permitted assets, vulnerability classes, methods, accounts, rates, data handling and disclosure rules. If any part is unclear, stop active testing and obtain written clarification through the program’s official channel. If you encounter an excluded asset accidentally, stop probing it, preserve only the minimum evidence needed, and report it under that program’s process.
What “out of scope” means
A bug bounty program’s scope has two separate boundaries:
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- Asset boundary: which hostnames, applications, APIs, IP ranges, products or environments you may test.
- Activity boundary: which techniques, vulnerability classes, automation levels, accounts and data-handling practices are permitted on those assets.
An asset can be listed as in scope while a particular action remains prohibited. Conversely, a familiar company-owned domain can still be excluded. Ownership, a shared brand, a parent domain, a DNS relationship or a link from an approved application does not itself grant permission to test the related system.
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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesBugcrowd defines in-scope targets as locations researchers may test and submit, while out-of-scope targets are locations they must not test. Its documentation warns that testing an excluded target is prohibited and can lead to escalation, including a ban. Intigriti states that an asset absent from a program’s in-scope list is automatically out of scope by default.
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Read the current brief before every engagement
Program policies change. Bugcrowd’s guidance says to review the bounty brief before beginning because the brief contains the targets, goals, expectations and rules. Its documentation also describes update notifications for changes such as newly added targets or exclusions.
- Open the live program page, not an old bookmark or cached copy. Note the program’s current revision date, update notice and any platform banner.
- Save the relevant rules for your records. Keep the scope list, exclusions, testing limits and reporting instructions that applied when you started.
- Read the program description and scope details together. A general platform standard may be overridden by program-specific instructions. Intigriti explicitly says instructions in a program’s scope or description prevail over its general triage standards.
- Check for changes before resuming work after a pause. A target that was authorized last week may be excluded today.
Do not interpret a general platform policy as a substitute for the current program brief. The brief is the document that answers whether a particular target and action are authorized.
Build a scope map instead of relying on assumptions
Write down the boundary before testing. A compact scope map makes gaps visible and gives you an audit trail if the program later asks what you did.
| Boundary | Questions to answer | Safe decision |
|---|---|---|
| Exact asset | What full hostname, application, API, IP range, product or environment is listed? | Test only the listed identifier and the functions clearly included with it. |
| Wildcard extent | Does a wildcard cover one DNS label, nested labels or a defined domain pattern? Are there narrower exclusions? | Apply the most specific rule; an explicit exclusion overrides a broad wildcard. |
| Third-party service | Is the infrastructure, SaaS provider, payment service or linked domain separately listed? | Assume it is excluded unless the brief expressly authorizes it. |
| Vulnerability class | Are denial of service, social engineering, phishing, physical attacks, spam, rate-limit testing or other classes prohibited? | Do not run the method merely because the asset is in scope. |
| Testing method | Are automation, scanning, account creation, load, concurrency or particular tools limited? | Stay within the stated rate, account and method restrictions. |
| Proof of concept | What evidence is sufficient, and are controlled accounts required? | Use the smallest reproducible demonstration that proves impact. |
| Data and users | May you access real-user records, production data or operational functions? | Stop before exposure; use test accounts and synthetic data where allowed. |
| Reporting and disclosure | Which submission channel, confidentiality terms and coordinated-disclosure rules apply? | Submit through the required channel and keep the finding private unless permission is given. |
How to tell whether a target is in scope
Match the exact identifier
Copy the hostname, path, app name, API base URL, IP range or product label exactly as listed. Record whether the entry refers to production, staging, a mobile package, a particular API version or a geographic region. Similar names are not interchangeable: api.example.test, admin.example.test and an unrelated provider’s endpoint may have different authorization.
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Do not broaden a permission from one endpoint to an entire domain. If the brief lists one application path, treat other paths as unconfirmed until the policy says otherwise.
Understand wildcard boundaries
A wildcard is not a universal license. Determine what the notation actually covers and then look for more specific exclusions. A policy might include a wildcard for subdomains while excluding a particular host, a development environment, a customer portal or a service operated by a third party. Intigriti’s examples illustrate that a specific exclusion can override a broader wildcard and that wildcard boundaries matter.
When the syntax is ambiguous, do not infer that every nested subdomain is authorized. Ask the program to confirm whether the exact hostname is included, especially when it resolves to a separate provider or contains real customer functionality.
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A company may own many domains and services that are not part of its bounty program. A parent domain, shared certificate, common login, DNS record or hyperlink from an in-scope app does not extend the scope. Treat every related system as a separate authorization question.
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What if the asset is not listed?
Intigriti’s guidance is direct: “If the asset is not listed as part of the "in-scope" section, it’s automatically out-of-scope.” Unless the program gives explicit written permission through its official channel, do not actively test an unlisted asset. This includes a subdomain discovered through reconnaissance, an IP address found in a certificate, a staging host referenced by source code and a vendor service linked from an approved application.
Check activity restrictions separately from asset scope
After confirming the target, read the prohibited-activity and testing-limit sections. A listed asset does not automatically authorize every technique.
- Automation and rate limits: follow requests-per-second, concurrency, scanner and authentication limits. Configure tools to stay below the stated threshold rather than starting at a high rate and reducing it after an alert.
- Availability testing: denial-of-service, resource exhaustion, destructive payloads and production load tests are commonly restricted. Never substitute a brief “proof” for permission when the method can affect availability.
- Account creation: use only the number and type of accounts allowed. If the program supplies controlled accounts, use those instead of creating real-user profiles.
- Social engineering and human interaction: do not contact employees, customers or support staff unless the rules expressly authorize it.
- Authentication and authorization tests: remain within the permitted account boundary. Do not access another person’s data to demonstrate an access-control issue when a controlled account can establish the same flaw.
- Data handling: avoid downloading, retaining or sharing personal, financial, health or confidential information. Stop as soon as enough evidence exists.
- Disclosure: follow confidentiality and coordinated-disclosure terms. A valid technical finding does not authorize public release.
There is no universal list of allowed activities. The individual program’s instructions control, and the same technique may be permitted in one program and prohibited in another.
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Use the minimum proof of concept
Intigriti’s triage standards describe a step-by-step demonstration using the simplest possible evidence that establishes exploitability and impact. Apply that principle before collecting any additional data.
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- Reproduce the behavior with a controlled account or test object when the program permits one.
- Capture the request, response, role, object identifier and relevant timestamps needed for a reviewer to repeat the result.
- Stop when the impact is established. Do not enumerate an entire database, alter production records, send messages to real users or chain additional actions merely to make the report more dramatic.
- Remove sensitive data from screenshots and logs. Retain only what the reporting rules require.
- Explain the safe reproduction path and the boundary you deliberately did not cross.
A proof of concept is not an invitation to measure the maximum possible damage. If a single controlled record proves unauthorized access, accessing hundreds of records creates unnecessary risk and may violate the rules.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Pause when the rules are unclear
When an asset, method or consequence is not clearly authorized, stop active testing. Do not “test lightly” while waiting for an answer; even a low-volume request can be unauthorized if the target itself is excluded.
Use the program’s official support, feedback or researcher-contact channel. Bugcrowd directs researchers with scope questions to support. Intigriti recommends checking the program details and using its feedback option when scope is unclear.
Ask a narrowly framed question that lets the program answer unambiguously:
- Identify the exact hostname, path, IP range or product.
- Quote the relevant scope entry or explain the conflict between a wildcard and an exclusion.
- Describe the proposed method, including automation, account type and expected traffic.
- State whether the test could touch real users, production data or availability.
- Request written confirmation of what is authorized and any conditions or limits.
Keep the response with your scope map. If no answer arrives, the conservative choice is not to test.
What to do after accidentally finding an out-of-scope issue
Accidental discovery and intentional probing are different situations. Intigriti distinguishes passive discovery from active testing in its standards and advises researchers who find an out-of-scope vulnerability by accident to report it, not expect a bounty and not knowingly continue testing the vulnerable asset.
- Stop interaction with the excluded asset. Do not verify additional endpoints, increase access, enumerate records or repeat the request from other accounts.
- Preserve minimal evidence. Note how the issue appeared, the exact asset, time, request and response, while avoiding unnecessary personal or confidential data.
- Use the program’s reporting route. Explain that the discovery was incidental and identify the in-scope activity, if any, that led to it.
- Follow containment and disclosure instructions. Do not contact affected users, publish details or notify a third party independently unless the program directs you to do so.
- Do not assume payment or safe harbor. The program may acknowledge the report without awarding a bounty, and the legal or policy protection may not extend to the excluded asset.
Safe harbor is conditional, not blanket permission
HackerOne describes safe harbor as applying to good-faith research and advises clarifying borderline conduct before acting. Intigriti likewise says safe-harbor coverage depends on following the program’s rules of engagement and warns that testing out-of-scope assets without explicit permission may expose a researcher to legal complaints.
Safe harbor generally cannot transform an expressly prohibited action into an authorized one. It should be read together with the live brief, the allowed methods, the asset list and any conditions on disclosure or data handling. If the policy is silent or ambiguous, obtain clarification before testing rather than relying on a broad good-faith assumption. These platform materials are guidance, not legal advice, and their effect can vary by jurisdiction and program wording.
Recheck scope when a program changes
Scope is a change-control problem as well as a technical one. Platforms may add targets, remove services, alter exclusions or change rate limits. A long-running project should have a deliberate recheck point:
- At the start of each new testing session.
- After a platform update notification or program announcement.
- Before retesting a previously reported issue.
- Before switching from a controlled environment to production.
- Before using a new tool, higher request rate, new account or different vulnerability class.
Record the policy revision or update notice associated with each session. If the target disappeared from the list, stop until the program confirms its status.
Common scope mistakes and safer alternatives
| Mistake | Why it fails | Safer alternative |
|---|---|---|
| Testing every subdomain under a company’s main domain | Ownership does not equal bounty authorization. | Match each hostname to the listed scope or request confirmation. |
| Treating a wildcard as unlimited | A narrower exclusion or third-party boundary may override it. | Apply the most specific rule and ask about nested labels. |
| Running a scanner at its default rate | Default automation may exceed program limits or affect availability. | Configure the documented rate and concurrency before starting. |
| Using real customer data for a stronger demonstration | It increases privacy, operational and legal risk. | Use controlled accounts and stop at the first sufficient proof. |
| Continuing after an accidental out-of-scope discovery | Further probing turns incidental discovery into knowing testing. | Stop, preserve minimal evidence and report through the official channel. |
| Assuming safe harbor covers everything | Safe harbor is conditional and program-specific. | Confirm the exact conduct before acting. |
| Relying on an old brief | Targets and exclusions can change. | Verify the current revision and update notices before each engagement. |
A pre-test checklist
- Current program page opened and revision or update notice recorded.
- Exact hostname, path, application, API, IP range or product matched to an in-scope entry.
- Wildcard extent and all specific exclusions checked.
- Third-party, staging, development and regional systems treated separately unless listed.
- Allowed vulnerability classes and prohibited activities reviewed.
- Automation, rate, concurrency and account limits configured.
- Controlled accounts and synthetic data prepared where required.
- Proof-of-concept stopping point defined before testing.
- Data retention, confidentiality and disclosure requirements understood.
- Official clarification channel identified for unresolved questions.
A simple decision path
- Is the exact asset listed? If no, stop and request written authorization. If yes, continue to the activity review.
- Is the proposed method explicitly allowed? If no or unclear, stop and ask. Do not infer permission from the asset listing.
- Can the test affect real users, data or availability? If yes, use a safer controlled method or obtain specific permission.
- Is the minimum proof established? Stop collecting evidence and prepare the report.
- Did the program change during the work? Recheck the brief before continuing.
This process protects the program, its users and the researcher. It also produces clearer reports because the submission can show exactly what was tested, under which rule and with what limits.
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