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Freedom251 › Blog › AI security

How to Audit Which AI Agents Are Logged In to Your Company Accounts

By Freedom251 Team · · 11 min read

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To find which AI agents can access company accounts, perform an identity and OAuth access review—not a search for products labeled “AI agent.” Inventory dedicated agent identities, enterprise applications and service principals, third-party OAuth apps, service accounts, user-delegated connections, and downstream resource links. For every record, document its owner, business sponsor, publisher, identity or app ID, permissions, consent method, credentials, and available sign-in or audit evidence. Then investigate excessive or unexplained access, remove or disable what is not justified, and verify the result in both your identity provider and the connected service.

What “AI agent access” includes

An agent may appear in your environment under several identity models. A vendor’s product name is not reliable evidence that an entry is—or is not—an AI agent. Review the underlying principal and the connection it uses.

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  • Dedicated agent identity: a principal created specifically for an autonomous or semi-autonomous agent.
  • Enterprise application or service principal: an application identity that can use app-only permissions or act for a tenant.
  • User-delegated OAuth app: an application that received permission from an employee and acts with that user’s authority.
  • Service account: a non-human account used to authenticate to email, files, APIs, or other SaaS systems.
  • Downstream resource connection: a stored secret, authorization server, API connection, MCP server, or link to another agent that the agent can invoke.

These categories overlap. An agent can have its own service principal while also using a delegated connection to a user’s mailbox. Your inventory must capture both the identity and every resource connection reachable through it.

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Set the audit scope before searching

Write down the identity providers and high-value SaaS systems in scope. At minimum, include corporate email, file storage, calendars, directory data, customer systems, source-code systems, finance tools, and any API gateway used by automation. Record whether each system supports app-only access, delegated OAuth access, service accounts, or agent-specific identities.

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Include employees’ personal OAuth grants to work data. An agent using a human user’s refresh token can be just as consequential as an app with tenant-wide application permissions. Set a review period for activity logs based on your retention and regulatory requirements; do not assume that a short log window proves an agent was inactive.

Build a single inventory that can be reviewed

Export records where the platform allows it, then normalize them into one register. Keep the original platform identifier so an investigator can return to the console and reproduce the finding.

Field What to record Why it matters
Identity and app Display name, object or app ID, principal type, publisher, tenant, and status Names can be duplicated or changed; immutable IDs identify the actual principal.
Ownership Technical owner, business sponsor, team, and escalation contact An unowned identity cannot be held accountable or safely renewed.
Purpose Specific job, data needed, approved ticket or change, and expected operating hours Lets you compare granted capability with the stated task.
Access model Delegated user access, app-only access, service account, agent identity, or mixed Shows whether actions are attributable to a person, an application, or both.
Permissions OAuth scopes, app roles, directory roles, resource audiences, and consent level Permission breadth is the fastest way to identify excessive capability.
Credentials Secret or certificate type, owner, creation and expiry dates, vault location, and rotation status Unexpected credentials or long-lived secrets can indicate persistence.
Connections Mailboxes, drives, calendars, APIs, authorization servers, MCP servers, and linked agents Access often continues through a downstream connection after an app is disabled.
Evidence Last sign-in, consent event, configuration change, audit event, and log-retention limit Separates what the identity may do from what the platform recorded it doing.

Mark each permission as required, not required, or not yet explained. Preserve the export date and the administrator who made the assessment.

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Audit Microsoft Entra and Agent ID

1. Start with the agent inventory

In the Microsoft Entra admin center, open Entra ID > Agents > Agent identities. Microsoft’s “Manage agent identities in your organization” documentation describes a detail view containing the agent’s name, description, status, owners, sponsors, granted permissions, and sign-in logs. Capture each of those fields and compare the owner and sponsor with your change-management records.

Do not stop at this inventory. Review enterprise applications, service principals, app registrations, managed identities, and user-consented applications as well. An agent that uses a generic application identity may not be labeled as an agent in the dedicated inventory.

2. Examine agent sign-ins and audit events

Filter Entra sign-in logs by agent type and by the Is Agent field where those filters are available. Agent sign-ins use the agentSignIn resource type. Microsoft states in its Agent ID documentation: “Agent identity activities are captured in Microsoft Entra audit and sign-in logs.” Review successful and failed sign-ins, source locations, authentication method, target resource, risk information, and unusual time patterns.

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In audit logs, look for creation, deletion, owner or sponsor changes, permission grants, credential additions, and status changes under the underlying identity type. A configuration event can be more important than a single login: adding a certificate or granting a directory role may establish future access without generating an immediate sign-in.

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3. Review application permissions and consent

Microsoft’s “Microsoft Entra security operations for applications” guidance recommends monitoring app-role assignments, delegated permission grants, privileged permissions, end-user consent, credentials, and authentication flows. Flag broad .All scopes, tenant-wide delegated grants, and permissions to Microsoft Graph or other sensitive APIs. Pay particular attention to mail, files, directory, group, and calendar data when the agent’s documented job does not require all of them.

Record whether consent was granted by an administrator, a user, or an automated deployment. A user consent outside the normal approval path needs an owner and a business explanation before it is trusted. A grant proves that the capability exists; it does not prove that the application is currently using it.

4. Check authentication design

Microsoft advises that most applications use authorization code flow or PKCE and advises against resource owner password credentials (ROPC), because ROPC exposes the user’s current password to the application. If an agent depends on ROPC, treat the design as a remediation priority: identify the account, migrate to a safer flow where supported, rotate the exposed credential, and review historical access.

5. Apply Conditional Access carefully

For agent identities, Conditional Access can block all agents, allow only specified agents, or block agents based on risk. Use report-only mode first to identify affected workloads and exceptions. A confirmed compromise can trigger risk-based blocking when the relevant policy is configured. Disabling an identity prevents sign-ins across Entra and connected applications, but it does not by itself prove that an external secret, session, or downstream token was revoked.

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Evaluate an agent identity and any associated agent user account separately. Microsoft documents them as distinct principal types for Conditional Access, so a policy covering one does not automatically cover the other.

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Microsoft’s Agent ID security guidance documents visibility for agent risk detections for up to 90 days; this is a product visibility window, not proof that older activity did not occur. Preserve older evidence from your SIEM or connected services if your retention requirements exceed that period.

Audit Google Workspace OAuth access

1. Open the app access controls

In the Google Admin console, go to Security > Access and data control > API controls. Review the app access control listing, including Google-owned, internal, and third-party applications. Record each app’s client identity, trust or restriction state, requested scopes, and the organizational units or groups to which the rule applies.

2. Separate trusted status from actual need

A trusted label means the administrator allows the app under the configured policy; it does not establish that every requested scope is necessary. Compare Gmail, Drive, Calendar, directory, and other scopes with the approved purpose. Identify apps that were installed by an employee, use a personal account, or have no current sponsor.

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3. Restrict and validate

Google’s Workspace guidance says that restricting access can stop previously installed apps that are not trusted and revoke their tokens. Apply the narrowest rule that meets the business requirement, then verify the app’s effective access in the user or group affected.

Allow for propagation: Google documents that “The accessed apps list is updated 48 hours after a token is granted or revoked.” Treat the list as eventually consistent during that interval. Check audit events and the connected service directly rather than declaring success immediately after changing the policy.

Map agent connections in Okta

Okta’s “AI agent resource connections” documentation describes several connection types: Agent Gateway connections, authorization servers, vaulted secrets, service accounts, OAuth client-credential applications, MCP servers, and connections to other AI agents. Use the resource type and its associated configuration to build the same identity-to-resource map used for Entra and Google.

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For each connection, record the agent, target resource, authentication method, secret or certificate reference, scopes, owner, and last rotation. Trace chained connections: an agent may call an MCP server that then uses an OAuth client-credential application to reach another SaaS system. Review the final data destination, not only the first connection in the chain.

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Okta notes that availability of some AI-agent features depends on subscription SKU and public-sector environment. If a menu or resource type is absent, document the edition limitation and inspect the underlying authorization server, application, service account, or vault instead of assuming that no connection exists.

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Judge whether access is justified

Permission breadth

Prioritize permissions that read or modify company mail, files, calendars, directory records, groups, customer data, source code, or financial information. Broad “read all” or “write all” scopes deserve an owner-approved explanation and a plan to reduce them. Separate read, create, modify, delete, share, and administrative capabilities; “read-only” is not equivalent to harmless when the data is sensitive.

Consent and deployment path

Compare the consent actor and timestamp with your approval process. Unexpected tenant-wide consent, consent from a departed employee, or a grant made outside a change window should be investigated. Also review recent credential and redirect-URI changes, because an otherwise familiar app can become dangerous after its authentication configuration changes.

Ownership and lifecycle

Require a named technical owner and business sponsor. Investigate identities with no owner, sponsors who have left the organization, disabled projects, expired contracts, or no documented renewal date. A stale identity with powerful permissions is a containment candidate even when logs show no recent sign-in.

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Activity versus capability

Use grants and role assignments to determine what an agent could access. Use sign-in, consent, audit, and resource logs to determine what the platform recorded. Neither category is complete: an identity provider may not see host-level calls, and a service may retain activity for a different period. Absence of an event in one console is not proof that the agent is absent or safe.

Investigate visibility gaps

Microsoft notes that calls that do not reach Entra cannot be evaluated by its Conditional Access policies or tied to a user in Entra sign-in records. Examples include a host using a locally stored credential, a direct call from a downstream service, or a token exchanged outside the identity-provider path. Inspect the agent host’s authentication configuration, secret store, runtime logs, API gateway, and target SaaS audit trail.

When an agent acts for a user, inspect both the user’s delegated grants and the agent or application identity. When it uses app-only access, look for service-principal or client-credential events rather than expecting a human sign-in. Record the coverage boundary in your audit report: which systems were searched, which log periods were available, and which paths remain unobserved.

Contain unwanted or suspicious access

  1. Preserve evidence. Export permissions, owners, consent records, credentials, sign-ins, and relevant resource logs before changing the configuration.
  2. Confirm the decision. Have the technical owner, business sponsor, or incident responder classify the access as required, reducible, suspended, or unauthorized.
  3. Remove the capability. Revoke delegated grants, remove app-role assignments, restrict the OAuth app, disable the service principal or agent identity, delete unused credentials, or suspend the service account according to your incident procedure.
  4. Revoke downstream material. In the connected service, revoke refresh tokens, sessions, API keys, vaulted secrets, MCP credentials, and agent-to-agent connections that are no longer trusted.
  5. Rotate exposed secrets. If compromise is possible, rotate certificates, client secrets, passwords, and signing keys before re-enabling anything. Review where each replacement credential is stored and who can retrieve it.
  6. Verify effective access. Check the identity provider, the target SaaS audit log, and—where possible—a controlled access test. Account for propagation delays such as Google’s documented 48-hour accessed-app-list update.
  7. Close the record. Document the decision, responsible person, timestamps, evidence, residual risk, and next review date.

Disabling an identity is a fast containment action, but it is not a complete revocation proof. External credentials and tokens may continue to work until the connected service invalidates them.

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Compare audit controls and tools by coverage

Whether you use native consoles, a SIEM, or an identity-governance platform, compare capabilities rather than product labels.

Evaluation area Questions to ask
Inventory coverage Does it include dedicated agents, service principals, delegated user apps, service accounts, managed identities, and downstream connections?
Permission detail Can reviewers see individual OAuth scopes, app roles, directory roles, resource audiences, and consent actors?
Activity coverage Which sign-in, consent, credential, configuration, host, and target-service logs are collected, and for how long?
Accountability Are owner and business-sponsor fields available, enforceable, and reportable?
Detection Can it alert on broad grants, risky sign-ins, new credentials, unusual destinations, or owner changes?
Containment Can it revoke grants, disable identities, block risky agents, rotate secrets, and invalidate downstream sessions?
Verification Does it show effective access after a change, including propagation status and failures?
Boundary visibility Can it observe the agent host and connected SaaS systems, or only the identity-provider event?

Do not infer that an agent inventory in one platform includes integrations managed in another SaaS ecosystem. Treat each platform’s documented coverage and retention as a boundary in your design.

Turn the review into a recurring control

Assign an owner for the inventory and a separate approver for business need. Require every new agent or OAuth app to declare its data targets, scopes, owner, sponsor, authentication flow, credential lifetime, and shutdown procedure before deployment.

Set a review cadence that matches your risk and regulatory obligations rather than adopting an unsupported universal interval. High-risk identities and broad grants may need continuous alerting and more frequent human review; low-risk, narrowly scoped integrations can follow a documented periodic schedule.

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Use alerts for privileged permission grants, tenant-wide consent, new credentials, redirect-URI or authorization-server changes, owner removal, risk-based sign-ins, and unexpected access to mail or files. Keep an auditable record of exceptions, expiration dates, and compensating controls. Re-run the inventory after mergers, identity-provider changes, major agent releases, and incident recovery.

A practical audit checklist

  • All identity providers and high-value SaaS systems are listed.
  • Dedicated agents, applications, service principals, service accounts, delegated apps, and downstream connections are included.
  • Every record has an immutable ID, owner, sponsor, purpose, status, and review date.
  • Delegated scopes, app roles, consent type, credentials, and target resources are recorded.
  • Broad, sensitive, tenant-wide, stale, or unexplained permissions are investigated.
  • Sign-in, consent, audit, credential, and configuration evidence is checked within known retention limits.
  • Agent hosts and downstream services are inspected when the identity provider cannot see the call.
  • Unwanted grants are revoked or identities disabled, and external tokens and secrets are handled.
  • Effective access is verified after platform propagation delays.
  • Decisions, evidence, owners, and follow-up dates are preserved for audit.

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AI securityGoogle WorkspaceIdentity ManagementMicrosoft EntraOAuthOktaSaaS Security

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