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What you are auditing
GitHub credentials that look similar can have very different owners, scopes, and blast radii. Start by classifying each item before deciding whether to remove it.
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Classic personal access tokens
A classic PAT is a user credential whose scopes can cover broad account and organization capabilities. For an organization, a classic PAT can continue accessing organization resources until it expires unless the organization has restricted classic PAT access. Organization-owner views for active fine-grained tokens do not show classic PATs, so their presence and use must be controlled through account policy, SSO authorization, token removal, and audit events rather than the fine-grained-token list.
Fine-grained personal access tokens
Fine-grained PATs identify a resource owner, let the creator select repositories, and expose individual permissions. An organization owner can inspect those selections, filter active tokens by owner, repository, or permission, and revoke organization access without necessarily affecting the token’s access to unrelated resources.
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OAuth app authorizations
An OAuth authorization is the grant connecting a GitHub account to an application. The grant can have one or more tokens behind it. Revoking the authorization revokes every token associated with that authorization; the application must connect to GitHub again if access is legitimately needed later.
Why the distinction matters
The same person may have a classic PAT for a script, a fine-grained PAT for a deployment job, and an OAuth grant for a desktop or hosted service. Removing the wrong object can either leave a compromise active or unexpectedly break automation. Record the credential type before taking action.
Prepare an audit inventory
Create an inventory before revoking anything so you can distinguish an abandoned credential from a production dependency and identify what must be replaced.
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- Owner: GitHub user, organization, application, or service account responsible for it.
- Creation and last-use information, when GitHub displays it.
- Expiration date or whether the credential is already expired.
- Repositories and organizations it can reach.
- Scopes for a classic PAT or OAuth grant; individual permissions and selected repositories for a fine-grained PAT.
- Organization approval and SSO status.
- The job, integration, or person that still depends on the credential.
Mark an item for removal if it is unrecognized, unused, broader than the job requires, expired, or assigned to a user who has left. Keep a separate record of the exact integration and replacement owner for anything you retain.
Audit an organization’s active fine-grained PATs
Organization-owner controls are the clearest way to review fine-grained PAT access to an organization.
- Open the organization on GitHub.
- Select Settings.
- Under Personal access tokens, select Active tokens.
- Inspect each listed token’s owner, selected repositories, expiration, and permissions.
- Use the filters for owner, repository, or permission to isolate high-risk access or a departed user’s credentials.
- Select one or more tokens that should no longer reach the organization and choose Revoke.
This view is for fine-grained PAT access. GitHub states that organization owners can review and revoke that access, but the organization UI does not display classic PATs. Do not treat an empty fine-grained list as proof that no classic PAT can reach the organization.
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Audit personal PATs when you are the token owner
An organization owner’s list covers access to that organization, not every token created by every user. Each user must review the token-management pages in their own GitHub account and identify tokens that are no longer needed, have excessive permissions, or are approaching expiration.
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For every token you retain, document the automation or workflow that uses it and the minimum permissions it needs. A token with no known consumer should be considered disposable. If an organization requires approval for fine-grained PAT access, check whether the token has an approved organization grant; an approval record does not make an over-scoped token safe.
Audit OAuth app authorizations
OAuth grants are reviewed from the individual account that authorized them.
- Select your profile picture.
- Open Settings.
- Select Applications.
- Open Authorized OAuth Apps.
- Review each application’s name, tokens, permissions, and the date or context in which you authorized it, where shown.
- For an app you do not recognize or no longer use, open its action menu and choose Revoke.
- To remove every token issued under a particular authorization, choose Revoke all for that application.
GitHub’s documented guidance is to revoke applications you do not recognize or that are out of date. Revoking the grant removes all tokens associated with it. The application will disappear from the authorization settings when the grant is deleted through the documented app-owner API, and the user must authorize the application again through its own connection flow if access is required.
How to tell whether an OAuth app can reach private repositories
Open the application’s authorization entry and read the permissions GitHub displays. A permission that covers repository content or private-repository operations indicates that the grant can request access to private repositories within that permission’s boundary; a grant limited to public data cannot provide private-repository access. Also check whether the organization requires SSO or administrator approval. An OAuth grant can exist on a user account while organization policy still blocks its use against that organization.
Do not infer access from the app’s name. Confirm the exact permission list, the organizations involved, and any approval or SSO state. If the permission set is broader than the integration’s documented function, revoke the grant and reconnect only after the app’s operator can explain the narrower access it needs.
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Revoke the right object
| Credential or grant | Who can revoke it | Primary impact | Reversible? | Useful verification signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classic PAT | The token owner; organization or enterprise controls can restrict access or SSO authorization | That token stops authenticating; an organization restriction can block its organization access | No; create a replacement if needed | Authentication failures and organization or audit events |
| Fine-grained PAT organization access | Organization owner; token owner can also remove the token | Access to the selected organization is removed, while unrelated token access may remain | No | Active-token list change, API response, or audit event |
| OAuth app authorization | The authorizing user; the app owner can delete a specific user’s grant through the REST API | All tokens tied to that authorization are revoked | No | Authorization disappears, tokens fail, and an audit event may be recorded |
| GitHub App user authorization | The user, app owner, or organization policy administrator, depending on the action | Tokens associated with the authorization or organization access are invalidated | No | Security or audit log and failed authentication |
Choose the narrowest action that removes the unwanted access. For example, revoke a fine-grained token’s organization access when the token is still legitimately used elsewhere; delete the entire token when it is compromised or obsolete. For a disallowed OAuth integration, remove the authorization or deny the app at the organization level rather than assuming a user-level change protects every account.
Respond immediately to a leaked token
Assume a token is compromised as soon as it appears in a public repository, gist, log, ticket, build artifact, paste, or other location that an unauthorized person could read. Do not wait for evidence of use.
- Identify the token type from its prefix or issuing system. GitHub’s credential-revocation API accepts classic PATs beginning with
ghp_, fine-grained PATs beginning withgithub_pat_, OAuth app tokens beginning withgho_, GitHub App user-to-server tokens beginning withghu_, and GitHub App refresh tokens beginning withghr_. - Submit the exposed credential to GitHub’s credential-revocation API. GitHub says authentication is not required for these revocation requests, which allows an emergency response even when you cannot safely use the compromised credential.
- Remove the secret from the exposed location where possible, but do not treat deletion or history rewriting as a substitute for revocation.
- Rotate every dependent secret: deployment credentials, signing keys, webhooks, cloud keys, database passwords, and any other secret that the compromised workflow could read.
- Review repository, organization, and enterprise audit data for activity during the exposure window.
- Create a replacement credential with the narrowest repository and permission set, store it in a secret manager, and update the integration.
- Run the integration end to end and verify that the old credential can no longer authenticate.
GitHub automatically revokes a credential at its expiration date. A valid OAuth, GitHub App, or personal access token pushed to a public repository or gist is automatically revoked, and an OAuth or personal token unused for one year is automatically revoked. Automatic revocation is a safety net, not a response plan: an exposed token may have been used before GitHub detected it.
Automate organization-access revocation
GitHub documents a REST endpoint for updating a fine-grained PAT’s access to an organization. The operation is limited to revoking existing access; it does not grant new access. It is restricted to GitHub Apps, requires the organization’s Personal access tokens permission set to write, and returns HTTP 204 when the revocation succeeds.
Use this route for centralized offboarding or incident playbooks when an organization has an approved GitHub App with that permission. Record the token, organization, requesting app, timestamp, and HTTP result. A successful response confirms the API operation, but your incident record should still verify that the token no longer appears as active and that dependent jobs fail over to their replacement credential.
Organization and enterprise controls
Prevention is stronger than a quarterly cleanup. Organization owners can apply policies to PATs, require approval for fine-grained PAT access, review active fine-grained tokens, and limit OAuth app and GitHub App access requests. Use these controls to make broad access exceptional rather than the default.
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Approval and least privilege
Require an owner or security reviewer to approve a fine-grained PAT before it reaches organizational repositories. Ask for the smallest repository set, the fewest write permissions, and an expiration date that matches the project. Reject requests whose owner, business purpose, or replacement plan is unclear.
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Classic PAT and SSO controls
Because classic PATs are not shown in the organization’s active fine-grained-token list, use organization policy to restrict them where possible. Enterprise guidance distinguishes revoking a fine-grained PAT’s organization access from revoking a classic PAT’s SSO authorization or deleting the classic token itself. Choose the action that matches the incident: SSO deauthorization can block one organization relationship, while deleting the token removes the credential entirely.
OAuth and GitHub App restrictions
Limit which OAuth apps and GitHub Apps may request organization access. When an application is no longer approved, deny its access at the organization level and remove existing user grants. A policy change should be followed by a review of current authorizations; blocking future requests does not automatically clean up every existing grant.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Verify that revocation worked
Use more than one signal, especially after an incident.
- For an organization fine-grained PAT, confirm that the token is no longer active for that organization.
- For an OAuth grant, confirm that the application is removed or that its tokens no longer appear under the authorization.
- For an API operation, record the documented HTTP result; the organization-access revocation operation returns
204on success. - Check security or enterprise audit events. Relevant event names include
org_credential_authorization.deauthorize,org_credential_authorization.revoke,personal_access_token.access_revoked,oauth_access.destroy, andpersonal_access_token.destroy. - Test a request made with the old credential and confirm it can no longer authenticate Git or API requests.
- Look for notification email or other account-security alerts associated with the change, but do not rely on email alone as proof.
GitHub’s documentation states: “Once an authorization is revoked, any tokens associated with the authorization will be revoked as well.” It also states: “When a token has expired or has been revoked, it can no longer be used to authenticate Git and API requests.”
Replace credentials without recreating the risk
Revoked credentials cannot be restored. Build the replacement as a new security decision rather than copying the old token’s settings.
- Write down the exact Git and API operations the job performs.
- Map each operation to the minimum repository and permission requirement.
- Prefer a fine-grained PAT or an application authorization with a bounded repository set when that meets the integration’s needs.
- Set an expiration date and an owner responsible for renewal.
- Store the value in a secret manager; never commit it to source code or print it in build logs.
- Deploy the replacement while the old credential is still available only if incident policy permits; otherwise restore service through a controlled break-glass procedure.
- Run read, write, pull-request, and deployment paths that the integration actually uses.
- After successful testing, remove the old secret from CI variables, local configuration, runners, and documentation.
Plan renewal before expiration. An integration that silently waits for a one-year inactivity revocation or an expiration date will eventually fail without a replacement process.
Common failure modes and fixes
“The organization list is empty, so there are no PATs.”
The active-token view is for fine-grained PAT access and does not show classic PATs. Review classic-token policy, SSO authorizations, user inventories, and audit events separately.
“I revoked one OAuth token, but the app still works.”
An authorization can have multiple tokens. Revoke the entire OAuth grant or use Revoke all, then confirm that every associated token fails.
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The build may be using a second credential, a cached credential, or an application installation token. Search runner secrets, environment variables, deployment systems, and logs; then map the successful request to its actual credential.
“Revocation broke an unrelated repository.”
You may have deleted a token used by several jobs. Restore service with a new, narrowly scoped credential and split shared automation so future revocations can target one workload.
“The app is approved, so private-repository access is safe.”
Approval does not replace permission review. Inspect the grant’s displayed permissions, selected organizations, and SSO status; remove access that exceeds the integration’s purpose.
“Deleting the leaked line from Git fixes the incident.”
Deletion does not invalidate copies in forks, caches, logs, or clones. Revoke first, rotate dependent secrets, investigate use, and then clean the exposure.
A practical review cadence
- At onboarding: record every credential owner, purpose, permissions, repositories, expiration, and approval.
- At each role or project change: remove departed users and obsolete integrations immediately.
- Monthly: review active fine-grained PATs and OAuth grants for inactivity, unexpected permissions, and missing owners.
- Before expiration: test a replacement and update the secret manager rather than extending an unreviewed token.
- After a public exposure: invoke the credential-revocation API, rotate dependent secrets, inspect audit events, and retest every affected workflow.
- After a policy change: recheck existing grants; a new approval rule does not automatically remove old authorizations.
A defensible audit leaves a trail: what was found, why access was retained or revoked, who approved the decision, which event or API response verified it, and which replacement credential now serves the workload.
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